新概念4学习笔记lesson3matterhornman 本文关键词：新概念，学习笔记，lesson3matterhornman
新概念4学习笔记lesson3matterhornman 本文简介：Lesson3Matterhornman第三课马特霍恩山区人3-1.Modernalpiniststrytoclimbmountainsbyaroutewhichwillgivethemgoodsport,andthemoredifficultitis,themorehighlyitisregard
新概念4学习笔记lesson3matterhornman 本文内容：
Lesson
3
Matterhorn
man
第三课马特霍恩山区人
3-1.
Modern
alpinists
try
to
climb
mountains
by
a
route
which
will
give
them
good
sport,and
the
more
difficult
it
is,the
more
highly
it
is
regarded.
【译文】现代登山运动员力图沿着一条能从中得到锻炼乐趣的路线登山。他们认为路线愈艰难则愈为人们所重视。
【讲解】try后接动词不定式，作make
an
attempt解，译为“力图”。by
a
route中by意为“沿，经”。it指a
route。
【单词和短语】
regard:看待，把……看作（to
think
about
someone
or
something
in
a
particular
way）。
3-2.
In
the
pioneering
days,however,this
was
not
the
case
at
all.
【译文】然而在登山运动初创期全然并非如此。
【讲解】in
the
pioneering
days指在初创时期，指登山运动的初创期。
【单词和短语】
pioneering：创新的，先驱的（introducing
new
and
better
methods
or
ideas
for
the
first
time）。例如：
the
pioneering
work
of
NASA
scientists
（美国）国家航空和航天局科学家们所作的开创性工作
3-3.
The
early
climbers
were
looking
for
the
easiest
way
to
the
top,because
the
summit
was
the
prize
they
sought,especially
if
it
had
never
been
attained
before.
【译文】早期登山者所寻找的是通往山顶的最方便的途径，因为顶峰，尤其是仍未被人征服过的顶峰，才是他们寻求的目标。
【讲解】to
the
top是介词短语，作way的定语，指“到达顶峰的路”。they
sought是定语从句，作prize的定语，指“他们追求的目标”。if
it
had
never
been
attained
before中的it指the
summit。
【单词和短语】
summit：山顶（the
top
of
a
mountain）。summit另一常见含义为峰会（an
important
meeting
or
set
of
meetings
between
the
leaders
of
several
governments），例如：
The
two
presidents
agreed
to
hold
a
summit
in
the
April.
两位总统同意在四月举行峰会。
3-4.
It
is
true
that
during
their
explorations
they
often
faced
difficulties
and
dangers
of
the
most
perilous
nature,equipped
in
a
manner
with
would
make
a
modern
climber
shudder
at
the
thought,but
they
did
not
go
out
of
their
way
to
court
such
excitement.
【译文】的确，探险中他们经常遇到性质最为危险的艰难险阻，他们装备之简陋使现代登山者一想起来就胆战心惊。但他们并非故意寻求这种刺激。
【讲解】equipped
in
a
manner…thought是过去分词短语，作原因状语，修饰faced。at
the
thought后省略了of
the
manner。
【单词和短语】
perilous：充满危险的；濒临毁灭的（very
dangerous），例如：
a
perilous
rate
of
inflation
危机四伏的通货膨胀率
perilous的名词形式为peril。
shudder
at：对……感到惊恐（to
think
that
something
is
very
bad
or
unpleasant），例如：
He
shudders
at
the
sight
of
a
snake.
他一见到蛇就胆颤心惊。
go
out
of
their
way
to
do
something：特地；不怕麻烦地（to
do
something
with
more
effort
than
is
usual
or
expected），例如：
She
went
out
of
her
way
to
help
me.
她不怕麻烦地来帮我。
3-5.
They
had
a
single
aim,a
solitary
goal—the
top!
【译文】他们只有一个目的，唯一的目标——顶峰！
【讲解】从语法角度分析，a
solitary
goal和the
top均是a
single
aim的同位语。从修辞角度看，作者以改变说法的方式达到加强语意的目的。这叫修正法（epanorthosis）。破折号引出被强调部分。
【单词和短语】
solitary：独一无二的（used
to
emphasize
that
there
is
only
one
of
something），例如：
a
solitary
exception
唯一的例外
3-6.
It
is
hard
for
us
to
realize
nowadays
how
difficult
it
was
for
the
pioneers.
【译文】如今我们很难理解登山先驱者昔日是多么艰苦。
【讲解】it是形式主语，to
realize
nowadays
how
difficult
it
was
for
the
pioneers是真正的主语。请掌握It
is
hard
for
sb.
to
do
something.这个句型。
【单词和短语】
pioneer:先驱（someone
who
is
important
in
the
early
development
of
something,and
whose
work
or
ideas
are
later
developed
by
other
people），例如：
a
pioneer
of
photography
摄影术创始人
a
pioneer
in
the
development
of
radar
雷达研制的先驱
3-7.
Except
for
one
or
two
places
such
as
Zermatt
and
Chamonix,which
had
rapidly
become
popular,Alpine
village
tended
to
be
impoverished
settlements
cut
off
from
civilization
by
the
high
mountains.
【译文】除了泽曼特和夏蒙尼等一两个迅速出名的地方外，阿尔卑斯山山区的小村由于高山隔绝了文明日渐成为贫穷的村落。
【讲解】such
as可以分开，如such
places
as…，这时as作关系代词，as引出的从句是省略句。such
as不分开时其作用相当于like，表示举例。因此可以把such…Chamonix视为修饰places的定语。cut
off
from
civilization
by
the
high
mountains是过去分词短语作定语，修饰settlements。
【单词和短语】
except
for：除了……之外，例如：
I
know
nothing
about
him
except
for
the
fact
that
he
lives
next
door.
我除了知道他住在隔壁外，对他的其他情况一无所知。
impoverish：使穷困，使赤贫（to
make
some
one
very
poor），形容词为impoverished，名词形式为impoverishment。
3-8.
Such
inns
as
there
were
were
generally
dirty
and
flea-ridden;
the
food
simply
local
cheese
accompanied
by
bread
often
twelve
months
old,all
washed
down
with
coarse
wine.
【译文】当地的那些小旅馆一般都肮脏且跳蚤猖獗。单调的食物是当地乳酪配以常常已放了一年之久的面包，人们就着劣酒吞下这种食物。
【讲解】as
there
were作定语从句修饰inns，as乃关系代词。the
food
simply…中food和simply中间，all与washed中间都省略了was。请注意，在几个并列分句中，第一个分句中用了be，后面分句中的be可以省略，例如：
There
are
two
requisites
in
interpretation：one
is
accuracy
and
the
other（is）expressiveness.
口译要求有二：准确和明晰。
accompanied
by
bread
often
twelve
months
old是过去分词短语，作cheese的定语。often
twelve
months
old作定语，修饰bread。
【单词和短语】
accompany：伴随，和……一起发生（to
happen
or
exist
at
the
same
time
as
something
else），例如:
fever
accompanied
with
delirium伴有昏迷的发烧
3-9.
Often
a
valley
boasted
no
inn
at
all,and
climbers
found
shelter
wherever
they
could—sometimes
with
the
local
priest
(who
was
usually
as
poor
as
his
parishioners),sometimes
with
shepherds
or
cheese-makers.
【译文】山谷里常没有小旅馆，登山者只好随遇而安——或与当地牧师（他们通常和其教区居民一样穷）住在一起，或与牧羊人或制乳酪者住在一起。
【讲解】wherever
they
could作地点状语，修饰found。could后省略了find
shelter。sometimes
with两词之间省略了they
found
shelter。found
shelter
with…与……住在一起，这里的破折号引出被强调的部分。
【单词和短语】
boast：以拥有……而自豪（if
a
place,object,or
organization
boasts
something,it
has
something
that
is
very
good），例如：
A
fishing
village
30
years
ago,it
now
boasts
150
major
hotels.
那地方30年前还是个渔村，现已为拥有150家大宾馆而自豪。
3-10.
Invariably
the
background
was
the
same:
dirt
and
poverty,and
very
uncomfortable.
【译文】这些山村的基调总是一样的：肮且穷，极不舒适。
【讲解】same后的冒号引出同位语。dirt
and
poverty,and
very
uncomfortable作the
same的同位语。
【单词和短语】
invariable:
始终如一的，恒定不变的（always
happening
in
the
same
way,at
the
same
time
etc.），例如：
It’s
my
invariable
habit
to
take
a
nap.
睡午觉是我的老习惯。
invariably是invariable的副词形式。
3-11.
For
men
accustomed
to
eating
seven-course
dinners
and
sleeping
between
fine
linen
sheets
at
home,the
change
to
the
Alps
must
have
very
hard
indeed.
【译文】对过惯了在家里一餐吃七道菜、睡亚麻细布床单的的人来说，到阿尔卑斯山所带来的变化想来一定太难熬了。
【讲解】accustomed
to…at
home作定语修饰men。
【单词和短语】
be
accustomed
to（doing/do）something：习惯于做某事（to
be
familiar
with
something
and
accept
it
as
normal），例如：
We
are
accustomed
to
working/work
hard.
我们习惯于努力工作。
My
eyes
soon
grew
accustomed
to
the
darkness.
我的双眼很快适应了黑暗。
course：（一）道（菜）（one
of
the
separate
parts
of
a
meal），例如：
The
first
course
was
soup.
第一道是汤。
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