新概念英语一总结练习七被动语态 本文关键词：语态，新概念英语，被动
新概念英语一总结练习七被动语态 本文简介：新概念英语一总结练习七被动语态【复习】一、总述：英语动词有两种语态，即主动语态（TheActiveVoice)和被动语态（ThePassiveVoice).主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。Theywillbuildanewbridgeovertheriver.(主动)
新概念英语一总结练习七被动语态 本文内容：
新概念英语一总结练习七
被动语态
【复习】
一、总述：
英语动词有两种语态，即主动语态（The
Active
Voice)和被动语态（The
Passive
Voice).主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
They
will
build
a
new
bridge
over
the
river.
(主动)
A
new
bridge
will
be
built
over
the
river.
(被动)
汉语中常用“被”、“给”、“由”、“受”等词用来表示被动，而英语用：
助动词be
+
及物动词的过去分词构成。
二、被动语态的形式
1)
常用时态的被动语态的构成：
被动语态的基本形式为助动词be
+
及物动词的过去分词，即be
done。
被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化主要体现在be的变化上，其形式与系动词be的变化形式完全一样。以give
为例，列表如下：
一般现在时：am
/
is
/
are
+
given
一般过去时：was
/
were
+given
一般将来时：shall
/
will
+be+
given
过去进行时：was
/
were
+
being
+
given
现在进行时：am
/
is
/
are
+
being
+
given
过去完成时：had
+
been
+
given
现在完成时：have
/
has
+
been
+
given
将来完成时：shall
/
will
+
have
been
+
given
过去将来时：
should
/
would
+be+
given
现在完成进行时：have/has
been
being
done
含情态动词的被动语态：情态动词＋be
done
［注］被动语态没有将来进行时和过去将来进行时。
2）被动语态的否定式:在第一个助动词后加not构成。
Russian
is
not
taught
in
our
school.
我们学校不教俄语。
3）被动语态的疑问式：把第一个助动词提到主语之前,句尾加问号构成。
Were
many
trees
planted
on
the
hill
yesterday
昨天山上种了许多树吗？
How
much
money
was
stolen
in
all
一共被偷了多少钱？
三、被动语态使用范围
谁做的动作不知道，说出谁做的没必要。
动作承受者需强调，用被动语态莫忘了。
1.
Some
stamps
were
stolen
last
week.
2.
The
PRC
was
founded
on
October
1,1949.
3.
Football
is
played
in
most
middle
schools.
四、主动语态与被动语态的转换
1．主语+谓语+宾语
练习：将下列各句改为被动语态。
He
plants
trees
in
spring.
Tom
will
clean
the
room
tomorrow.
They
make
shoes
in
that
factory.
They
bought
ten
computers
last
term．
Amy
can
take
good
care
of
Gina
．
We
are
painting
the
rooms.
The
workers
told
me
they
would
mend
the
car
as
soon
as
possible.
They
will
send
cars
abroad
by
sea.
Someone
has
told
me
the
sports
meeting
might
be
put
off.
When
I
got
to
the
theatre,I
found
they
had
already
sold
out
the
tickets.
主动语态变被动语态口诀：
宾语提前主语变，
原主变宾by后见，
时态人称be关键。
注意：把主动语态变为被动语态时，其谓语动词的时态要与原句时态保持一致，其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致。
We
have
bought
a
new
computer.
A
new
computer
______
been
bought.
2.
主语+谓语+间接宾语（sb.）+直接宾语（sth.）
My
uncle
gave
me
a
present
on
my
birthday.
I
was
given
a
present
on
my
birthday.
A
present
was
given
to
me
yesterday.
注意：一般在下列动词后，常在间接宾语前用介词
to，如：
bring,give,hand,lend,offer,pass,pay,promise,sell,show,take,teach,tell
等。
一般在下列动词后，间接宾语前用介词
for,如：build,buy,cook,cut,choose,do,fetch,find,fix,get,keep,make,order,paint,play,sing
等。
练习1：将下列句子变为被动语态。
The
foreign
friends
gave
us
some
wonderful
stamps.
My
uncle
gave
me
a
present
on
my
birthday.
练习2：在横线上填for
或者to.
1）
Mother
made
me
a
new
skirt.
(A
new
skirt
was
made
_____
me.
)
2)
The
meat
was
cooked
______us.
3)
My
bike
was
lent
____
her.
4)
Some
country
music
was
played
_____
us.
5)
The
cup
with
mixture
was
showed
______
the
class.
注意：有些既不用to
也不用for,根据动词与介词的搭配关系。
He
asked
me
a
question.
(A
question
was
asked
of
me.
)
People
all
over
the
world
know
the
Great
Wall.
The
Great
Wall
is
known
to
people
all
over
the
world.
(不用by短语)
3.
主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语
带复合宾语(宾语+
宾补)的动词改为被动语态时，一般把主动结构中的宾语改为主语，而宾语补足语保留在谓语动词后面。如：
We
always
keep
the
classroom
clean.
→The
classroom
is
always
kept
clean.
She
told
us
to
follow
her
instructions.
→We
were
told
to
follow
her
instructions.
注意：在see,watch,hear,notice,listen
to,look
at,make,feel等动词后作宾语补足语的动词不定式都不带
to，但改成被动语态后都带to，这时不定式为主语补足语，也就是说不定式作主语补足语不存在省略to
的问题。
We
often
hear
him
play
the
guitar.
→He
is
often
heard
to
play
the
guitar.
注意：带有复合宾语的句子，如果宾语补足语是名词，变被动句时，应将宾语变为主语，不要误把宾语补足语的名词作主语。如：
Tomatoes
were
first
taken
back
to
Europe
and
people
called
them
love
apples.
误：Love
apples
were
called
them.
正：They
were
called
love
apples.
五、下列情况主动句不能改为被动句：
第一，感官系动词一般用主动形式表示被动意义，如：feel，look,seem,taste,sound,remain等。
—
Do
you
like
the
material?
—
Yes,it
feels
very
soft.
误：It
is
felt
very
soft.
The
food
tastes
delicious.
误：The
food
is
tasted
delicious.
The
pop
music
sounds
beautiful.
误：The
pop
music
is
sounded
beautiful.
第二，谓语是及物动词leave,enter,reach,suit,have,benefit,lack,own等。如：
He
entered
the
room
and
got
his
book.
误：The
room
was
entered
and
his
book
was
got.
She
had
her
hand
burned.
误：Her
hand
was
had
burned.
第三，不及物动词没有被动语态，如：rise,happen,succeed,remain,lie等。
When
we
got
to
the
top
of
the
mountain,the
sun
had
already
risen.
误：The
sun
had
already
been
risen.
After
the
earthquake,few
houses
remained.
误：After
the
earthquake,few
houses
were
remained.
第四，一些不及物动词短语没有被动语态，如：take
place,break
out,belong
to,lose
heart,consist
of,add
up
to等。如：
The
fire
broke
out
in
the
capital
building.
误：The
fire
was
broke
out
in
the
capital
building.
第五，宾语是反身代词，相互代词，同源宾语，不定式，v-ing形式及抽象名词等，不能变为被动句子的主语，如：
I
taught
myself
English.
误：Myself
was
taught
English.
We
love
each
other.
误：Each
other
is
loved.
第六、有些动词既是及物又是不及物，当它们和well,badly,easily等副词连用时，表示主语内在品质或性能，是不及物动词，用主动表示被动，这时不用被动语态，常见的有：write,read,clean,sell,wash,cook
等。如：
The
cloth
washes
easily.
这布很好洗。
The
new
product
sells
well.
这新产品很畅销。
The
pen
writes
smoothly.
这支笔写字很流畅。
对比：
The
books
sell
well.
(主动句)
The
books
were
sold
out.
(被动句)
The
meat
didn’t
cook
well.
(主动句)
The
meat
was
cooked
for
a
long
time
over
low
heat.
(被动句)
六、特殊句式
在汉语中，有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中一般可用被动结构来表示，例如：
据说……It
is
said
that
…
据报导……It
is
reported
that
…
据推测……It
is
supposed
that
…
希望……It
is
hoped
that
…
众所周知……It
is
well
known
that
…
普遍认为……It
is
generally
considered
that
…
有人建议……It
is
suggested
that
…
【练习】
(
)1
The
People
s
Republic
of
China
___
on
October
1,1949.
A.
found
B.
was
founded
C.
is
founded
D.
was
found
(
)
2
English
____
in
Canada.
A.
speaks
B.
are
spoken
C.
is
speaking
D.
is
spoken
(
)3
This
English
song___
by
the
girls
after
class.
A.
often
sings
B.
often
sang
C.
is
often
sang
D.
is
often
sung
(
)4
This
kind
of
car
___
in
Japan.
A,makes
B.
made
C.
is
making
D.
is
made
(
)5
New
computers
___
all
over
the
world.
A.
is
used
B.
are
using
C.
are
used
D.
have
used
(
)6
Our
room
must
___
clean.
A.
keep
B.
be
kept
C.
to
be
kept
D.
to
keep
(
)7
-I
d
like
to
buy
that
coat.
-I
m
sorry.
___.
A.
it
sold
B.
it
s
selling
C.
It
s
been
sold
D.
it
had
been
sold
(
)8A
new
house
___
at
the
corner
of
the
road.
A.
is
building
B.
is
being
built
C.
been
built
D.
be
building
(
)9
The
key
___
on
the
table
when
I
leave.
A.
was
left
B.
will
be
left
C.
is
left
D.
has
been
left
(
)10
Doctors
___
in
every
part
of
the
world.
A.
need
B.
are
needing
C.
are
needed
D.
will
need
(
)11
His
new
book___
next
month.
A.
will
be
published
B.
is
publishing
C.
is
being
published
D.
has
been
published
(
)12
Japanese
___
in
every
country.
A.
is
not
spoken
B.
are
spoken
C.
is
speaking
D.
is
not
speaking
(
)
13
These
papers
___
yet.
A.
have
not
written
B.
have
not
been
written
C.
has
not
written
D.
has
not
been
written
(
)14
The
sports
meet
___
be
held
until
next
week.
A.
didn
t
B.
won
t
C.
isn
t
D.
doesn
t
(
)15
-My
shoes
are
worn
out.
A.
Can
t
they
be
mended?
B.
Let
me
have
a
look
at
it.
C.
How
much
do
they
cost?
D.
Can
t
they
mended?
(
)
16
___
the
watch
been
repaired
yet?
I
badly
need
it.
A.
Does
B.
Has
C.
Is
D.
Are
(
)
17___
these
desks
be
needed?
A.
Will
B.
Are
C.
Has
D.
Do
(
)
18
Why
___
to
talk
about
it
yesterday?
A.
didn
t
a
meeting
hold
B.
wasn
t
a
meeting
held
C.
wasn
t
held
a
meeting
D.
a
meeting
wasn
t
held
(
)
19
Who
was
the
book___?
A.
write
B.
wrote
C.
written
D.
written
by
(
)
20
Where
___
these
boxes
A.
was
B.
were
C.
is
D.
am
(
)21
The
flowers
___often.
A.
must
be
water
B.
must
be
watered
C.
must
watered
D.
must
water
(
)
22
The
books
may___
for
two
weeks.
A.
be
kept
B.
be
borrowed
C.
keep
D.
borrow
(
)
23
The
broken
bike____
here
by
Mr.
Smith.
A.
can
mend
B.
can
mended
C.
can
be
mend
D.
can
be
mended
(
)
24
The
old
bridge
in
my
hometown___
next
month.
A.
is
going
to
be
rebuilt
B.
will
rebuilt
C.
are
going
to
be
rebuilt
D.
are
going
to
rebuilt
(
)25
The
play
___
at
the
theatre
next
Sunday.
A.
is
going
to
be
shown
B.
will
shown
C.
will
show
D.
is
shown
(
)
26
The
old
stone
bridge
___
next
week.
A.
is
going
to
be
rebuilt
B.
will
be
rebuild
C.
are
going
to
be
rebuilt
D.
will
rebuild
(
)27Now
these
magazines___
in
the
library
for
a
long
time.
A.
have
kept
B.
are
keeping
C.
have
been
keeping
D.
have
been
kept
(
)28The
pot
___
for
___
hot
water.
A.
used;
keeping
B.
was
used;
keeping
C.
is
used;
to
keep
D.
are
used;
keep
(
)29Tea
___
in
the
south
of
China.
A.
grows
B.
is
grown
C.
were
grown
D.
will
grow
(
)30
The
bridges___
two
years
ago.
A.
is
built
B.
built
C.
were
built
D.
was
built
【Key】
1---5
BDDDC
6—10
BCBBC
11---15AABBA
16--20BABDB
21---25BADAA
26---30ADBBC
6