教学总结with复合宾语 本文简介：with+复合宾语用法总结一、with的复合结构的构成所谓“with的复合结构”即是“with+复合宾语”也即“with+宾语+宾语补足语”的结构。其中的宾语一般由名词充当(有时也可由代词充当)；而宾语补足语则是根据具体的需要由形容词，副词、介词短语，分词短语(包括现在分词和过去分词)及不定式短语
教学总结with复合宾语 本文内容：
with+复合宾语用法总结
一、with的复合结构的构成
所谓“with的复合结构”即是“with+复合宾语”也即“with
+宾语+宾语补足语”的结构。其中的宾语一般由名词充当(有时也可由代词充当)；而宾语补足语则是根据具体的需要由形容词，副词、介词短语，分词短语(包括现在分词和过去分词)及不定式短语充当。下面结合例句就这一结构加以具体的说明。
1、with
+宾语
+形容词作宾补
①He
slept
well
with
all
the
windows
open.
上面句子中形容词open作with
的宾词all
the
windows的补足语，
②It’s
impolite
to
talk
with
your
mouth
full
of
food.形容词短语full
of
food作宾补。
Don
t
sleep
with
the
window
open
in
winter.
2、with+宾语+副词作宾补
with
John
away,we
have
got
more
room.
He
was
lying
in
bed
with
all
his
clothes
on.
③Her
baby
is
used
to
sleeping
with
the
light
on.句中的on是副词，作宾语the
light的补足语。
④The
boy
cant
play
with
his
father
in.句中的副词in作宾补。
3、with+宾语+介词短语。
we
sat
on
the
grass
with
our
backs
to
the
wall.
his
wife
came
down
the
stairs,with
her
baby
in
her
arms.
They
stood
with
their
arms
round
each
other.
With
tears
of
joy
in
her
eyes,she
saw
her
daughter
married.
⑤She
saw
a
brook
with
red
flowers
and
green
grass
on
both
sides.句中介词短语on
both
sides作宾语
red
flowers
and
green
grass的宾补，
⑥There
were
rows
of
white
houses
with
trees
in
front
of
them.，介词短语in
front
of
them作宾补。
4、with+宾词+分词(短语)
这一结构中作宾补用的分词有两种，一是现在分词，二是过去分词，一般来说，当分词所表示的动作跟其前面
的宾语之间存在主动关系则用现在分词，若是被动关系，则用过去分词。
⑦In
parts
of
Asia
you
must
not
sit
with
your
feet
pointing
at
another
person.(高一第十课)，句中用现在分词pointing
at…作宾语your
feet的补足语，是因它们之间存在主动关系，或者说point这一动作是your
feet发出的。
All
the
afternoon
he
worked
with
the
door
locked.
She
sat
with
her
head
bent.
She
did
not
answer,with
her
eyes
still
fixed
on
the
wall.
The
day
was
bright,with
a
fresh
breeze(微风）blowing.
I
won
t
be
able
to
go
on
holiday
with
my
mother
being
ill.
With
winter
coming
on,it
is
time
to
buy
warm
clothes.
He
soon
fell
asleep
with
the
light
still
burning.
⑧From
space
the
earth
looks
like
a
huge
water
covered
globe,with
a
few
patches
of
land
sticking
out
above
the
water.而在下面句子中因with的宾语跟其宾补之间存在被动关系，故用过去分词作宾补：
⑨The
murderer
was
brought
in,with
his
hands
tied
back.(91年高考题)。
但当with的复合结构中语是表示人体部位名称的名词时，作宾补用的分词是现在分词是过去分词，则应视这
一动词而定。一般来说，若此动词是及物动词则用其过去分词形式，若是不及物动词，则用其现在分词形式。
⑩An
old
man
was
lying
there
with
his
eyes
shut.此句中shut是及物动词，故用其过去分词
He
lay
on
his
back
with
his
eyes
looking
straight
up
wards.
look为不及物动词，故用现在分词。
5、with+宾语+不定式短语。
I
can
t
go
out
with
you,with
much
homework
to
be
done.句中的宾补由to
be
done这一不定式的被动结构充当，表示do这一动作的将来含义或未完成之意，用其被动态则说明其与宾语之间存在被动关系。
With
five
minutes
to
go
before
the
last
train
left,we
arrived.
I
can
t
go
out
with
all
these
dishes
to
wash.
So
in
the
afternoon,with
nothing
to
do,I
went
around
the
school.
With
such
an
experienced
teacher
to
teach
us
English,we
are
very
happy.
6,with+宾语+名词
He
died
in
the
battle
with
his
son
only
a
ten-month-old
baby.
二、with的复合结构的用法
1，在句子中with结构多数充当状语，表示行为方式，伴随情况、时间、原因或条件
She
came
into
the
room，with
her
nose
red
because
of
cold.（with+名词+形容词，作伴随状语）
With
the
meal
over
，
we
all
went
home.（with+名词+副词，作时间状语）
The
master
was
walking
up
and
down
with
the
ruler
under
his
arm。（with+名词+介词短语，作伴随
状语。）
The
teacher
entered
the
classroom
with
a
book
in
his
hand.
He
lay
in
the
dark
empty
house，with
not
a
man
，woman
or
child
to
say
he
was
kind
to
me.（
with+名词+不定式，作伴随状语）
He
could
finish
it
with
me
to
help
him.（with+代词
+不定式，作条件状语）
She
fell
asleep
with
the
light
burning.（with+名词+现在分词
，作伴随状语）
With
nothing
left
in
the
cupboard，
she
went
out
to
get
something
to
eat.（with+代词+过去分词，作为原因状语）
2，With结构在句中也可以作定语。例如：
From
space
the
earth
looks
like
a
huge
water-covered
globe
with
a
few
patches
of
land
sticking
out
above
the
water.
A
little
boy
with
two
of
his
front
teeth
missing
ran
into
the
house.
Do
you
know
the
woman
with
a
gold
necklace
around
her
neck?
三，几点说明。
1，without
+宾语+宾语补足语是with
+宾语+宾语补足语结构的另一表现形式。
He
could
not
finish
it
without
me
to
help
him.（without+代词
+不定式，作条件状语）
Without
anything
left
in
the
cupboard，
she
went
out
to
get
something
to
eat.（without+代词+
过去分词，作为原因状语）
Possibly
this
person
died
without
anyone
knowing
where
the
coins
were
hidden.(高二22课）
（without+代词+现在分词，作为伴随状语）
Without
anyone
noticing
，I
slipped
out
of
the
room.（without+代词+现在分词，作为伴随状语）
Without
a
word
more
spoken，he
went
back
home
2,with的复合结构与独立主格结构的关系：
把with的复合结构中的介词with去掉，即构成独立主格结构。其结构为
名词（代词）+现在分词、过去分词；例如;
The
test
finished,we
began
our
holiday.
=
When
the
test
was
finished,we
began
our
holiday.
考试结束了，我们开始放假。
The
president
assassinated,the
whole
country
was
in
deep
sorrow.
=
After
the
president
was
assassinated,the
whole
country
was
in
deep
sorrow.
总统被谋杀了，举国上下沉浸在悲哀之中。
Weather
permitting,we
are
going
to
visit
you
tomorrow.
=If
weather
permits,we
are
going
to
visit
you
tomorrow.天气允许，我们明天去看你。
This
done,we
went
home.
工作完成后，我们才回家。
The
door
of
the
room
being
open，we
looked
in．
It
being
Sunday（＝As
it
s
Sunday），we
had
no
class．由于是星期天，我们没有课．
The
duty
completed，he
had
three
days
leave．
The
manager
sat
quietly
in
the
office,(his
)
eyes
closed。经理静静地坐在办公室里，双目紧闭。
There
being
nothing
else
to
do,we
left。
由于没有其它事情可做，我们离开了
He
guiding
her,they
went
across
the
street。他引着他，两个人穿过那条街。
The
last
bus
having
gone,we
had
to
walk
home。
=Because
the
last
bus
had
gone,we
had
to
walk
home。
由于末班车已开走，我们只得步行回家
All
things
considered,the
price
would
be
reasonable。
＝If
all
things
considered,the
price
would
be
reasonable。
通盘考虑的话，价格是合理的。
More
time
given,we
could
have
done
it
better。
=
If
more
time
had
been
given
to
us,we
could
have
done
it
better。
假如给我们更多时间的话，我们可能做的更好
The
clock
having
struck
ten，they
said
good
night
and
parted．
已经十点钟了，他们互道晚安分手了。
名词（代词）+形容词；
The
largest
collection
even
found
in
England
was
one
of
about
200,000
silver
pennies，all
of
them
over
600
years
old．（英格兰发现的最大一堆硬币是20万枚银制的便士，它们全都是600年前制作
的。）句中“all
of
them
over
600
years
old”是独立主格结构，可改为：and
all
of
them
were
over
600
years
old并列分句；或all
of
which
were
over
600
years
old非限制性定语从句。(高二22课）
He
came
into
the
room,his
ears
red
with
cold.
他回到了房子里，耳朵冻得红通通的
The
boy，his
face
red，said
nothing．
名词（代词）+副词；
The
class
over，the
students
left
the
class
room
in
twos
and
threes．
Breakfast
over，he
went
to
the
classroom．
＝When
breakfast
was
over，he
went
to
the
classroom．
He
put
on
his
socks
wrong,side
out。
他穿上袜子，反面朝上。
名词（代词）+不定式；
A
number
of
officials
followed
the
emperor,some
to
hold
his
robe,others
to
adjust
his
girdle,and
so
on。
许多官员尾随皇帝之后，有的拎着皇帝的衣袍，有的则给他整腰带等。
（some
to
hold…和others
to
adjust…为不定式独立主格结构）
Here
are
the
first
two
volumes，the
third
one
to
come
out
next
month．
这儿是头两卷，第三卷下个月出版。
The
two
girls
said
good-bye
to
each
other，one
to
go
home，the
other
to
go
to
her
friend
s．
两个女孩说声再见后，一个回家，另一个去朋友家。
名词（代词）
+介词短语。
He
came
out
of
the
library,a
large
book
under
his
arm.
他夹着本厚书，走出了图书馆
He
went
off,gun
in
hand。
他手里拿着枪离开了
注意:
独立主格结构使用介词的问题：
当介词是in时，其前后的两个名词均不加任何成分（如物主代词或冠词），也不用复数。但
with
的复合结构不受此限制。例如：A
robber
burst
into
the
room,knife
in
hand.
（hand前不能加his）劫匪冲进房间，手里拿着刀。
He
came
into
the
classroom
with
a
book
in
his
hand。
=He
came
into
the
classroom,book
in
hand。
他手里拿着一本书走进教室。