2014高考英语二轮复习方案专题限时训练情态动词与虚拟语气、非谓语动词、复合句 本文关键词：动词，复合句，情态，限时，语气
2014高考英语二轮复习方案专题限时训练情态动词与虚拟语气、非谓语动词、复合句 本文简介：专项限时训练(十一)[情态动词与虚拟语气、非谓语动词、复合句](限时：每篇5分钟)一、情态动词与虚拟语气考点Iamamiddleschoolstudent.Ihavemanydreams.Ifthere1.________(be)notsomuchhomework,Iwouldhavemoretim
2014高考英语二轮复习方案专题限时训练情态动词与虚拟语气、非谓语动词、复合句 本文内容：
专项限时训练(十一)
[情态动词与虚拟语气、非谓语动词、复合句]
(限时：每篇5分钟)
一、情态动词与虚拟语气考点
I
am
a
middle
school
student.
I
have
many
dreams.
If
there
1.________
(be)
not
so
much
homework,I
would
have
more
time
to
do
what
I
like
to
do.
How
I
wish
I
2.________
(listen)
to
my
favourite
music
for
an
hour
a
day
and
3.________
(play)
table
tennis
for
an
hour
in
the
morning.
It
s
my
desire
that
we
4.________
(hold)
evening
parties
or
5.________
(organize)
some
interesting
activities
at
weekend.
I
suggest
that
there
6.________
(be)
not
so
many
tests.
You
can
imagine
what
life
7.________
(will)
be
if
I8.________
(realize)
my
dream.
But
I
must
face
the
exams.
Without
good
marks,I
9.________
(will)
not
enter
my
ideal
university.
Anyway,it
s
high
time
that
I
10.________
(encourage)
myself
and
worked
hard
from
now
on.
二、不定式考点
Dear
Editors，
My
name
is
Adam
Rouse.
I
m
19
years
old
and
I
used
1.________
(be)
a
heavy
smoker.
I
first
started
2.________
(smoke)
when
I
was
only
15
although
I
know
it
is
very
harmful
3.________
(smoke)
at
any
time.
I
read
your
magazine
and
know
that
there
are
some
organizations
4.________
(help)people
stop
smoking.
Participants
learn
5.________
(recognise)
smoking
triggers
and
they
try
6.________
(set)
a
date
in
the
future
when
they
will
stop
7.________
(smoke)on
purpose.
Now,I
am
looking
for
some
ideas
8.________
(help)
myself
9.________
(give)
up
smoking
and
I
expect
myself
10.________
(accept)
as
a
member
of
your
organizations.
Yours
sincerely，
Li
Lei
三、分词考点
Many
years
ago,a
young
foreigner
1.________
(call)
Marco
Polo
travelled
all
the
way
from
Italy
to
China.
From
then
on
a
window
to
the
east
has
been
2.________
(open)
for
westerners.
Two
kinds
of
gold
coins
once
3.________
(make)
by
Europeans
showed
their
respects
to
the
great
explorer.
Marco
Polo
was
4.________
(bear)
in
1254.
He
lived
in
Venice,a
rich
city
in
Italy.
Marco
s
father
and
uncle
were
merchants.
They
had
travelled
to
the
east.
So
when
Marco
was
young,he
enjoyed
5.________
(listen)
to
the
stories
about
the
places
6.________
(visit)
by
his
father.
His
father
decided
7.________
(take)
him
on
a
trip.
When
Marco
Polo
was
just
17,he
left
his
country
for
China.
They
were
among
the
first
to
go
along
the
silk
road.
They
had
a
lot
of
trouble
in
8.________(explore).
So
it
was
a
hard
trip
for
Marco
Polo,but
he
was
very
brave.
After
about
four
years,Marco
met
Kublai
Khan
who
gave
him
a
job.
Marco
spent
17
years
9.________
(work)
for
him.
He
visited
most
parts
of
China.
He
learned
lots
of
10.________
(interest)
things
about
Chinese
life.
When
he
returned
home,he
let
others
know
about
things
like
coal
and
paper
money.
He
wrote
about
his
trip
in
a
famous
book.
四、动名词考点
Everyone
needs
friends.
There
is
an
old
1.________
(say):
friends
are
God
s
way
of
2.________
(take)
care
of
us.
But
how
do
you
find
real
friendship
and
keep
it?
The
Care
and
Keeping
of
Friends
by
American
author
Sally
Seamans
tells
young
students
some
smart
ways
of
3.________
(find)
friends.
Sally
says
4.________
(arrive)
at
friendship
is
just
like
5.________
(plant)
a
tree.
You
plant
the
seed
and
take
care
of
it
to
make
it
grow.
First,you
should
choose
a
friend.
What
makes
a
good
friend?
It
is
not
because
a
person
has
money
or
good
looks.
A
good
friend
should
be
kind
and
patient.
For
example,if
you
have
a
hard
day,a
good
friend
should
listen
to
your
complaints
and
do
their
best
6.________
(help).
To
make
a
friend,you
cannot
be
too
shy.
You
should
make
each
other
happy
and
share
your
life.
But
things
can
t
always
be
happy.
Even
the
best
friends
have
fights.
What
should
you
do
when
you
have
a
fight
with
your
friends?
You
have
to
talk
to
them.
When
there
is
no
one
around,have
an
honest
talk.
If
he
or
she
doesn
t
want
7.________
(talk),you
could
write
a
letter.
Sally
says
there
are
three
steps
to
8.________
(be)
friends
again.
Tell
him
or
her
how
you
are
feeling,say
what
your
friend
has
done
wrong,and
explain
why
you
did
this
or
that.
The
book
also
has
advice
on
some
small
but
important
things
like
9.________
(celebrate)
your
friends
success.
Even
if
you
haven
t
had
a
real
friend
before,you
will
start
10.________
(think)
of
having
one
if
you
read
this
book,because
the
book
tells
that
friendship
is
the
most
important
thing
in
your
life.
五、名词性从句考点
Three
years
had
passed
and
things
were
even
worse
than
before.
One
can
hardly
imagine
1.________
the
poor
people
suffered.
Most
of
the
workers
lost
their
jobs
and
in
order
to
provide
for
their
families
they
sold
everything
2.________
they
had
in
their
houses.
They
could
neither
get
food
nor
clothing.
Many
of
them
fell
ill
and
died.
Now
they
began
to
understand
3.________
the
factory
owners
were
their
enemies.
But
they
believed
that
4.________
the
government
knew
5.________
hard
their
conditions
were,they
would
give
them
some
help.
In
a
meeting
they
decided
6.________
they
should
send
some
of
their
men
to
London
to
tell
the
government
of
the
truth.
Jackson
was
chosen
to
be
one
of
them
to
go
to
the
capital.
He
felt
proud
7.________
he
could
do
something
for
his
friends.
A
few
days
later,when
Jackson
came
back
from
London
and
was
asked
to
tell
about
8.________
had
happened
there,he
replied
in
a
low
voice,“I
will
never
forget
9.________
we
workers
were
treated
there,and
I
will
never
forgive
those
who
refused
to
hear
us.
Friends,let
us
do
all
we
can
to
struggle
against
the
capitalists
and
the
government
10.________
supports
them.”
六、定语从句考点
Some
day,if
you
are
lucky,you
may
see
a
bongo.
But
the
only
way
1.________
most
people
will
see
it
is
in
a
zoo.
They
are
found
in
Africa,2.________
they
lived
deep
in
forests.
Even
in
Africa,very
few
people
ever
get
to
see
a
bongo.
The
bongo
does
not
come
out
of
the
forest
very
often.
It
is
an
animal
3.________
keeps
to
itself.
The
bongo
has
beautiful
colouring.
Its
hair
is
bright
brown
mixed
with
orange
and
red.
Down
its
back
and
across
its
sides
the
bongo
has
yellow-white
strips.
Animals
4.________
look
for
food
at
night
usually
have
big
eyes.
This
helps
them
see
better
at
night.
The
forests
in
5.________
bongos
live
are
very
dark.
The
eyes
of
bongos
are
very
big.
So,they
have
not
trouble
in
living
in
the
darkness.
Bongos
in
zoos
do
not
like
to
go
outside
on
bright
days.
They
only
go
outside
on
those
days
when
it
is
dark
or
very
cloudy.
七、状语从句考点
Two
travelling
angels
stopped
to
spend
the
night
in
the
home
of
a
wealthy
family.
The
family
was
rude
and
refused
to
let
the
angels
stay
in
the
mansion
s
guestroom.
Instead
the
angels
were
given
a
small
space
in
the
cold
basement.
1.________
they
made
their
bed
on
the
hard
floor,the
older
angel
saw
a
hole
in
the
wall
and
repaired
it.
When
the
younger
angel
asked
2.________，
the
older
angel
replied,“Things
aren
t
always
3.________they
seem.”
The
next
night
the
pair
came
to
rest
at
the
house
of
a
very
poor,4.________
very
hospitable
farmer
and
his
wife.
After
sharing
what
little
food
they
had，the
couple
let
the
angels
sleep
in
their
bed
5.________
they
could
have
a
good
night
s
rest.
6.________
the
sun
came
up
the
next
morning
the
angels
found
the
farmer
and
his
wife
in
tears.
Their
only
cow,7.________milk
had
been
their
sole
income,lay
dead
in
the
field.
The
younger
angel
was
infuriated
and
asked
the
older
angel,“How
could
you
have
let
this
happen？”
“The
first
man
had
everything,yet
you
helped
him，”
she
accused.
“The
second
family
had
little
8.________
was
willing
to
share
everything
and
you
let
the
cow
die.”
“Things
aren
t
always
what
they
seem,”
the
older
angel
replied.“9.________
we
stayed
in
the
basement
of
the
mansion,I
noticed
there
was
gold
stored
in
the
hole
in
the
wall.
10.________
the
owner
was
so
obsessed
with
greed
and
unwilling
to
share
his
good
fortune,I
sealed
the
wall
and
he
wouldn
t
find
it.
Then
last
night
as
we
slept
in
the
farmer
s
bed,the
angel
of
death
came
to
his
wife.
I
asked
God
if
the
angel
could
take
the
cow
instead.”
八、复合句考点
Gandhi
was
honoured
as
the
father
of
the
Indian
nation.
He
has
been
respected
and
beloved
by
the
Indians
with
the
belief
1.________
he
is
an
Indian
national
hero.
He
was
born
in
India
in
1869.
2.________
is
recorded,he
got
married
at
the
age
of
13,following
the
local
custom.
In
1888
he
sailed
to
England,3.________
he
studied
law
for
three
years
and
became
a
lawyer.
4.________
his
return
to
India,he
was
sent
to
South
Africa
to
work
on
a
law
case.
In
South
Africa
he
was
surprised
to
find
5.________
the
problem
of
racial
discrimination
was
serious.
There
he
formed
an
organization
and
this
was
6.________
he
started
to
fight
for
equal
rights.
Gandhi
returned
to
India
in
1915,7.________
India
was
controlled
by
the
British.
He
led
the
Indians
to
fight
for
an
end
to
the
British
rule
and
independence
for
his
country.
8.________
in
the
political
movement
many
Indians
including
Gandhi
were
put
in
prison
and
it
was
still
not
sure9.________
they
could
gain
independence,the
struggles
never
stopped.
The
British
government
had
to
give
in
and
India
won
its
independence
in
1947.
Unfortunately,Gandhi
was
shot
by
an
Indian
10.________
opposed
his
views
and
died
on
January
30th,1948.班
级____________
姓
名____________
专项限时训练(十一)
一、情态动词与虚拟语气考点
1．were
2.listened
3.played
4.(should)
hold
5．(should)
organize
6.(should)
be
7.would
8．realized/
should
realize/
were
to
realize
9.would
10．encouraged
二、不定式考点
1．to
be
2.smoking/to
smoke
3.to
smoke
4.to
help
5．to
recognise
6.to
set
7.smoking
8.to
help
9．(to)give
10.to
be
accepted
三、分词考点
1．called
2.opened
3.made
4.born
5.listening
6．visited
7.to
take
8.exploring
9.working
10．interesting
四、动名词考点
1．saying
2.taking
3.finding
4.arriving
5.planting
6．to
help
7.to
talk
8.being
9.celebrating
10．thinking/to
think
五、名词性从句考点
1．how
2.that
3.that
4.if
5.how
6.that
7.that
8.what
9.how
10.that
六、定语从句考点
1．that
2.where
3.that/which
4.that/which
5.which
七、状语从句考点
1．As/When
2.why
3.what
4.but
5.where
6．When
7.whose
8.but
9.When
10.Since/Because
八、复合句考点
1．that
2.As
3.where
4.On/After
5.that
6.how
7．when
8.Though/Although
9.whether
10.who
篇2：20XX专项练习针对全国地区非谓语动词复习总结
2010专项练习针对全国地区非谓语动词复习总结 本文关键词：动词，专项，复习，地区，全国
2010专项练习针对全国地区非谓语动词复习总结 本文简介：非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和现在分词。为了区分这三种不同的非谓语动词的用法和含义，我们将分别从三种非谓语动词在句子中做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语以及一些特殊结构句型等角度来区分其用法和细微含义。1．不定式和动名词作主语的区别(1)动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作；而不定式作主语表示具
2010专项练习针对全国地区非谓语动词复习总结 本文内容：
非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和现在分词。为了区分这三种不同的非谓语动词的用法和含义，我们将分别从三种非谓语动词在句子中做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语以及一些特殊结构句型等角度来区分其用法和细微含义。
1．不定式和动名词作主语的区别
(1)动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作；而不定式作主语表示具体动作。
Smoking
is
prohibited(禁止)here．这里禁止抽烟。(抽象)
It
is
not
very
good
for
you
to
smoke
so
much．你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。(具体)
(2)动名词作主语时，通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。
不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。
Climbing
mountains
is
interesting．爬山很有趣。(经验)
Driving
a
car
during
the
rush
hour
is
tiring．在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。(经验)
(3）不定式做主语，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。
It
took
me
only
five
minutes
to
finish
the
job.
2．不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别
(1)不定式作表语
1)不定式作表语一般表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作。
To
do
two
things
at
a
time
is
to
do
neither．--次做两件事等于未做。
What
I
would
suggest
is
to
start
work
at
once.我的建议是立刻开始干。
2）如果主语是不定式（表示条件），表语也是不定式（表示结果）。
To
see
is
to
believe.百闻不如一见。
To
work
means
to
earn
a
living．工作就是为了生活。
3)如果主语是以aim，
duty，
hope，
idea，
happiness，
job，
plan，
problem，
purpose，
thing，
wish等为中心的名词，或以what引导的名词性从句，不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明
作用。
His
wish
is
to
buy
a
luxurious
car
in
the
near
future．他的希望是在不远的将来买一辆豪华轿车。
The
function
of
Louis
Sullivan
s
architecture
was
to
provide
large
uninterrupted
floor
areas
and
to
allow
ample
light
into
the
interior.
The
most
important
thing
is
to
negotiate
with
them
about
the
future
of
the
plant．
(2)动名词作表语：动名词作表语，表示抽象的一般性的行为。
Our
work
is
serving
the
people．我们的工作是为人民服务。
His
hobby
is
collecting
stamps．他的爱好是集邮。
(注)动名词作表语时与进行时态中的现在分词形式相同，但其所属结构迥异，进行时态说明动作是由主语完成的。动名词做表语，说明主语的性质或情况。
People
cannot
but
feel
puzzled，
for
they
simply
cannot
understand
how
he
could
have
made
such
a
stupid
mistake.
His
victory
in
the
final
was
no
more
convincing
than
I
had
expected．
(3)分词作表语
分词做表语有两种情况，一种是现在分词做表语，一种是过去分词做表语，这两者区别是考试中经常考到的地方。一般来说，表示心理状态的动词如excite，
interest等都是及物动词，汉语意思不是“激动”，“高兴”，而是“使激动”、“使高兴”，因而现在分词应该是“令人激动的”、“令人高兴的”，过去分词则是“感到激动的”和“感到高兴的”。所以，凡表示“令人……的”都是-ing形式，凡是表示“感到……”都用-ed形式。换句话说，若人对……感兴趣，就是somebody
is
interested
in.,若人/物本身有兴趣时，就是说sb./sth.
is
interesting.这类词常见的有：
interesting使人感到高兴--interested感到高兴的
exciting令人激动的--excited感到激动的
delighting令人高兴的--delighted感到高兴的
disappointing令人失望的--disappointed感到失望的
encouraging令人鼓舞的--encouraged感到鼓舞的
pleasing令人愉快的--pleased感到愉快的
puzzling令人费解的--puzzled感到费解的
satisfying令人满意的---satisfied感到满意的
surprising令人惊异的--surprised感到惊异的
worrying令人担心的--worried感到担心的
Travelling
is
interesting
but
tiring．旅行是有趣的，但是使人疲劳。
The
pupils
will
get
confused
if
they
are
made
to
learn
too
much．如果要学生学得太多，他们会感到糊涂的。
The
argument
is
very
convincing．他的论点很令人信服。
They
were
very
excited
at
the
news．听到这个消息，他们非常激动。
3．不定式和动名词作宾语的区别
英语中大多数动词既可跟不定式，也可跟动名词作直接宾语，但有些动词要求：
(1)不定式做宾语和宾语补足语
1)下面的动词要求不定式做宾语
attempt企图
enable能够
neglect忽视
afford负担得起
demand要求
long渴望
arrange安排
destine注定
mean意欲，打算
begin开始
expect期望
omit忽略，漏
appear似乎，显得
determine决定
manage设法
cease停止
hate憎恨，厌恶
pretend假装
ask问
dread害怕
need需要
agree同意
desire愿望
love爱
swear宣誓
volunteer志愿
wish希望
bear承受
endeavor努力
offer提供
beg请求
fail不能
plan计划
bother扰乱；烦恼
forget忘记
prefer喜欢，宁愿
care关心，喜欢
happen碰巧
prepare准备
decide决定
learn学习
regret抱歉，遗憾
choose选择
hesitate犹豫
profess表明
claim要求
hope希望
promise承诺，允许
start开始
undertake承接
want想要
consent同意，赞同
intend想要
refuse拒绝
decide决定
learn学习
vow起
contrive设法，图谋
incline有…倾向
propose提议
seek找，寻觅
try试图
2)下面的动词要求不定式做宾补：动词+宾语+动词不定式
ask要求，邀请
get请，得到
prompt促使
allow允许
forbid禁止
prefer喜欢，宁愿
announce宣布
force强迫
press迫使
bride
收买
inspire鼓舞
request请求
assist协助
hate憎恶
pronounce断定，表示
advise劝告
exhort告诫，勉励
pray请求
authorize授权，委托
help帮助
recommend劝告，推荐
bear容忍
implore恳求
remind提醒
beg请求
induce引诱
report报告
compel强迫
invite吸引，邀请，
summon传唤
command命令
intend想要，企图
show
显示
drive驱赶
mean意欲，打算
train训练
cause引起
instruct指示
require要求
deserve应受
leave使，让
tell告诉
direct指导
like喜欢
tempt劝诱
entitle有资格
order命令
warn告诫
enable使能够
need需要
urge激励，力说
encourage鼓励
oblige不得不
want想要
condemn指责，谴责
lead引起，使得
teach教
entreat恳求
permit允许
wish希望
(2)有少数动词只能用动名词作宾语
acknowledge承认，自认
cease
停止
mention说到，讲到
admit
承认
tolerate忍受
dislike不喜欢，讨厌
advocate：提倡，主张
complete完成
dread可怕
appreciate
感激，欣赏
confess坦白
endure忍受
avoid避免
contemplate细想
enjoy享有，喜爱
bear忍受
defer拖延
envy嫉妒
can
t
help不禁
delay延迟
escape逃跑，逃避
can
t
stand受不了
deny否认
excuse借口
consider
考虑
detest嫌恶
fancy幻想，爱好
favor
造成，偏爱
mind
介意
repent悔悟
figure描绘，计算
miss错过
resent怨恨
finish完成，结束不得
pardon原谅，饶恕
resist抵抗，阻止
forgive原谅
permit
允许
resume恢复
imagine设想
postpone延迟，延期
risk冒险
involve卷入，包含
practise
实行，实践
suggest建议
hate讨厌
prevent阻止
save营救，储蓄
keep保持
quit放弃停止
stand坚持，忍受
loathe非常讨厌，厌恶
recall回想
例如：I
appreciate
having
been
given
the
opportunity
to
study
abroad
two
years
ago.我很感激两年前给我出国学习的机会。
(3)有些动词后使用动名词和动词不定式作宾语的差别
1）forget
to
do
忘记要去做某事（此事未做）
forget
doing忘记做过某事（此事已做过或已发生）
2）stop
to
do
停止、中断（某件事），目的是去做另一件事
stop
doing
停止正在或经常做的事
3）remember
to
do
记住去做某事（未做）
remember
doing记得做过某事(已做)
4)
regret
to
do对要做的事遗憾
regret
doing对做过的事遗憾、后悔
5）try
to
do努力、企图做某事
try
doing试验、试一试某种办法
6)
mean
to
do打算，有意要…
mean
doing意味着
7）go
on
to
do
继而（去做另外一件事情）
go
on
doing
继续（原先没有做完的事情）
8）propose
to
do
打算（要做某事）
proposing
doing建议（做某事）
9)
like
/love/hate/
prefer
+to
do
表示具体行为；+doing
sth
表示抽象、倾向概念
（注)如果这些动词前有should一词，其后宾语只跟不定式，不能跟动名词。例如：
I
should
like
to
see
him
tomorrow．
10)
need,want,deserve
+动名词表被动意义；+不定式被动态表示“要(修、清理等)”意思。
Don
t
you
remember
seeing
the
man
before?你不记得以前见过那个人吗?
You
must
remember
to
leave
tomorrow．你可要记着是明天动身。
I
don
t
regret
telling
her
what
I
thought．我不后悔给她讲过我的想法。(已讲过)
I
regret
to
have
to
do
this，
but
I
have
no
choice．我很遗憾必须这样去做，我实在没办法。(未做但要做)
You
must
try
to
be
more
careful．你可要多加小心。
Let
s
try
doing
the
work
some
other
way．让我们试一试用另外一种办法来做这工作。
I
didn
t
mean
to
hurt
your
feeling．我没想要伤害你的感情。
This
illness
will
mean
(your)
going
to
hospital．得了这种病(你)就要进医院。
4．不定式、现在分词和过去分词作定语的区别
(1）不定式作定语
1)不定式与其所修饰的名词可能是主谓关系
He
was
the
last
one
to
leave
school
yesterday．昨天他是最后一个离开教室的。
The
train
to
arrive
was
from
London．将要到站的火车是从伦敦开来的。
2)不定式与其所修饰的名词可能是动宾关系
Get
him
something
to
eat．给他拿点儿东西吃。
She
has
a
lot
of
work
to
do
in
the
morning．早上他有很多工作要做。
3)不及物动词构成的不定式做定语，要加上适当的介词和被修饰的名词形成逻辑上的动宾关系，这里的介词不能省去。
I
need
a
pen
to
write
with．我需要一支笔写字。
There
is
nothing
to
worry
about．没有什么值得发愁的。
4)不定式修饰一些表示方向、原因、时间、机会、权利等抽象名词如：
ability能力，本领
drive赶，驾驶
movement运动，活动
ambition抱负，野心
effort努力，尝试
need需要，需求
campaign战役，运动
failure失败，不及格
opportunity机会
chance机会
force力，压力，要点
promise许诺，希望
courage勇气
intention意向，意图
reason理由，原因
decision决定
method方法，方式
light光，光线，亮光
determination决心，决定
motive动机，目的
struggle奋斗，努力，
tendency倾向，趋势
wish希望，愿望，祝愿
5）被修饰的名词前有序数词、形容词最高级或next，
second,last,only和not
a，the等限定词时候，只能用不定式。
6）不定代词something,nothing,little,much,a
lot
等习惯上用不定式做定语。
John
will
do
anything
but
work
on
a
farm．除了农活，约翰什么都愿意干。
7）如果其动词要求用不定式做宾语，或者其形容词要器接不定式做补语，则相应的名词一般用不定式做定语。如：
tend
to
do---tendency
to
do；decide
to
do
=
decision
to
do；be
curious
to
do
=
curiosity
to
do
His
wish
to
buy
a
car
came
true．他要买辆车的愿望实现了。
Their
decision
to
give
up
the
experiment
surprised
us．
他们放弃这个实验的决定使我们大吃一惊。
He
is
always
the
first
to
come
and
the
last
to
leave．
他总是第一个到来，最后一个离去。
(2)分词作定语
分词作定语时有下面几个特点：
1)现在分词表示主动意义，过去分词一般表示被动含意。
2)现在分词表示正在进行，过去分词表示状态或做完(完成)的事。
He
rushed
into
the
burning
house．他冲进了正在燃烧着的房子。
The
child
standing
over
there
is
my
brother．站在那儿的男孩子是我弟弟。
The
room
facing
south
is
our
classroom．朝南的房间是我们的教室。
Have
you
got
your
watch
repaired?
你拿到那个修好的表了吗?
He
is
an
advanced
teacher．他是个先进教师。
3）下列不及物动词也以过去分词形式做定语或表语，但不具有被动意义，这点要注意：
departed,elapsed,faded,fallen,gone,frown-up,retired,returned,risen,set,vanished,much-traveled,newly-arrived,recently-come
(3)不定式和分词作定语时的时间关系
一般来说，不定式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之后；现在分词所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生；过去分词表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。例如：
Do
you
want
to
see
the
doctor
to
be
sent
for
from
Beijing?
你要见那位将从北京请来的医生吗？
Do
you
want
to
see
the
doctor
working
on
the
case
report
in
the
office?
你要见那位正在办公室里写病历的医生吗？
5．不定式和分词作状语的区别
（1）现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别。
现在分词做状语与过去分词做状语的最主要区别在于两者与所修饰的主语的主动与被动关系的区别。
1）现在分词作状语时，现在分词的动作就是句子主语的动作，它们之间的关系是主动关系。
He
went
out
shutting
the
door
behind
him.
他出去后将门随手关上。
Not
knowing
what
to
do,he
went
to
his
parents
for
help.
由于不知如何办是好，他去找父母帮忙。
2）过去分词作状语时，过去分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作，它们之间的关系是被动关系。
Given
more
attention,the
trees
could
have
grown
better.
如果对这些树多关心一些，它们本来会长得更好。
Faced
with
difficulties,we
must
try
to
overcome
them.
在遇到困难的时候，我们必须设法克服。
(2)动词不定式和分词作状语的区别
1)分词作状语一般表示伴随，而不定式常常表示目的。
They
stood
by
the
roadside
talking
about
the
plan．他们站在路边谈论着这个计划。(伴随)
They
stood
by
the
roadside
to
talk
about
the
plan．他们站在路边为的是谈论这个计划。(目的)
2)分词作状语放在句子开头，除表示原因之外有时表示时间或条件。动词不定式作状语时，除了表示目的以外，还表示结果或原因。
Reading
attentively，he
forgot
the
time
for
lunch．由于在专心读书，他忘了吃午饭的时间。(原因)
Reading
carefully，he
found
something
he
had
not
known
before．他仔细读书时，发现了一些从前不知道的东西。(时间)
Reading
carefully，you
ll
learn
something
new．只要你仔细阅读，你会学到一些新的东西。(条件)
His
family
was
too
poor
to
support
him．他的家庭太穷，不能维持他的生活。(结果)
The
boy
is
not
tall
enough
to
reach
the
book
shelf．这男孩个子不够高，手伸不到书架。(结果)
We
are
glad
to
hear
the
news．我们很高兴听到这消息。(原因)
（3）下面一些句型是不定式做状语时候应该注意的：
a：not/never
too…to,too…not
to,but/only
too…
to,too
ready/eager/apt/inclined
to
表示肯定意义
b：做结果状语的不定式只能出现在句子的末尾，常见的不定式动词有：find,hear,see,be
told,form,give,make,produce
等。
c：不定式做状语时，其逻辑主语一般为句子的主语，否则用for引导主语。
6．非谓语动词常考的其它结构
（1)疑问词+不定式结构
疑问词who，what，which，when，where和how后加不定式可构成一种特殊的不定式短语。它在句中可以用作主语、宾语、表语和双重宾语。如：
When
to
start
has
not
been
decided．何时动身尚未决定。(主语)
I
don
t
know
what
to
do．我不知道该怎么办。(宾语)
The
difficulty
was
how
to
cross
the
river．困难在于如何过河。(表语)
I
can
tell
you
where
to
get
this
book.我可以告诉你哪里可以买到此书。（双重宾语）
注）A.有时疑问词前可用介词，如：
I
have
no
idea
of
how
to
do
it.我不知道如何做此事。
B.动词know
后面不能直接跟不定式作宾语，只能跟疑问词（如：how,what）+不定式：
While
still
a
young
boy,Tom
knew
to
play
the
piano
well
and
as
he
grew
older,he
wrote
operas,the
most
famous
of
which
is
Carmen.
(2)介词except和but作“只有…，只能…”讲时跟不定式结构（but与不带to的不定式连用）。
When
the
streets
are
full
of
melting
snow,you
cannot
help
but
getting
your
shoes
wet.
(3)不带to的不定式
1）在表示生理感觉的动词后的不定式不带to。这类词有：
feel
觉得
observe
注意到，看到
overhear听到
watch注视
listen
to听
perceive察觉，感知
notice注意
see看见
look
at看
hear听
On
seeing
the
young
child
fell
into
the
lake，Eric
sprang
to
his
feet，and
went
on
the
rescue.
2)另一类是某些使役动词，如make,let，have等。如：
Let
him
do
it.让他做吧。
I
would
have
you
know
that
I
am
ill．我想要你知道我病了。
(注)：
①上述感觉动词与使役动词转换为被动结构时．其后的不定式一般需带to，如：
He
was
seen
to
come．
The
boy
was
made
to
go
to
bed
early.
②在动词find与help之后，不定式可带to亦可不带to，如:
He
was
surprised
to
find
the
sheep
(to)
break
fence
at
this
season．他发现羊在此季节越出栅栏，感到惊讶。
3)在do
nothing／anything／everything
but(except)结构中。例如：
Last
night
I
did
nothing
but
watch
TV．昨天晚上，我除了看电视别的什么也没有干。
但是，如果谓语动词不是“do
nothing，anything，everything”，那么but(except)所跟的不定式则仍须带。
The
doctor
told
him
nothing
but
to
stop
smoking．医生除了让他戒烟，其它什么都没有说。
There
was
nothing
for
them
to
do
but
to
remain
silent．除了保持沉默以外，他们没有别有别的办法。
（4）不定式与动名词的逻辑主语和分词独立结构
1)不定式的逻辑主语为：for
+名词(或代词宾格)+
不定式。例如：
I
found
it
impossible
for
him
to
do
the
job
alone．我发现他—个人干这活是不可能的。
(注)在表示人物性格、特性等的形容词后面，常用of引出不定式的逻辑主语。例如：
It
was
wise
of
him
to
do
that．他那样做是明智的。
2)动名词的逻辑主语为；①人称代词的所有格+动名词；②名词
s+动名词。例如：
Tom
insisted
on
my
going
with
them．他坚持要我和他们一起去。
He
dislikes
his
wife
s
working
late．他不喜欢他妻子工作得很晚。
3)某些形容词，如：careless等不定式后可以加of来引导出其逻辑主语。这类词主要有：absurd,bold,brave,courageous,careful,careless,clever,wise,foolish,silly,stupid,good,nice,kind
thoughtful,considerate,greedy,generous,honest,modest,polite,rude,cruel,selfish,wicked,wrong等
It
is
very
kind
of
you
to
help
me．你帮助我太好了。
间或也可用for
+
there
to
be表示（而且there后面的不定式只能是to
be）。
It
s
a
great
pity
for
there
to
be
much
trouble
in
the
company.太遗憾了公司里有这么多的麻烦。
7．非谓语动词中的有关句型
（1）动名词作主语的句型
1）Doing.+
v.
Reading
is
an
art.阅读是门艺术。Seeing
is
believing.眼见为实。
2)
It
is
+
no
use,no
good
(fun,a
great
pleasure,a
waste
of
time,a
bore.)等名词+doing
sth.
It
is
no
use
crying.哭没有用。It
is
no
good
objecting.反对也没有用。
It
is
a
great
fun
playing
football．打篮球很有趣。
It
is
a
waste
of
time
trying
to
explain．设法解释是浪费时间。
3)It
is
+
useless
(nice,good，interesting,expensive等形容词)+
doing
sth．
It
is
useless
speaking.光说没用。
It
is
nice
seeing
you
again．真高兴又遇到了你。
It
is
good
Playing
chess
after
supper．晚饭后弈棋挺好。
It
is
expensive
running
this
car．开这种小车是浪费。
篇3：日语动词语法总结
日语动词语法总结 本文关键词：日语，动词，语法
日语动词语法总结 本文简介：日语动词的各种变形方法“基本形”是动词的基本形式。词典中的词条都是使用这一形式。基本形----ます形一类动词：“基本形”最后的发音为“う”段，“ます形”去掉“ます”后的发音为“い”段。二类动词：“基本形”为“ます形”去掉“ます”后加“る”。三类动词：“基本形”分别为“来る”和“する”，“ます形”去掉
日语动词语法总结 本文内容：
日语动词的各种变形方法
“基本形”是动词的基本形式。词典中的词条都是使用这一形式。
基本形----ます形
一类动词：“基本形”最后的发音为“う”段，“ます形”去掉“ます”后的发音为“い”段。
二类动词：“基本形”为“ます形”去掉“ます”后加“る”。
三类动词：“基本形”分别为“来る”和“する”，“ます形”去掉“ます”后则为“来”和“し”。
ない形变化：
一类动词：把“ます形”去掉“ます”后的最后一个音变成相应的“あ段”音，后加“ない”。
如果最后音为“い”时，把“い”变成“わ”后加“ない”。（注意：此时不能将“い”变为“あ”。）
二类动词：把“ます形”的“ます”去掉后加“ない”。
三类动词：把“来ます”变成“来ない”，把“します”变成“しない”。
て形变化：
一类动词：把“ます形”去掉“ます”后加“て”，加“て”的时候发音会有一些变化。即“き”→“いて”，“ぎ”→“いで”，“び、み、に”→“んで”，“ち、り、い”→“って”，“し”→“して”。
二类动词：把“ます形”的“ます”去掉后直接加“て”。
三类动词：把“ます形”的“ます”去掉后直接加“て”。
た形变化：
把“て形”的“て”换成“た”，把“で”换成“だ”。
ば形变化：
一类动词：把基本形的最后一个音变成相应的“え”段上的音，再加“ば”。
二类动词：把基本形的“る”变成“れば”。
三类动词：把“来る”变成“来れば”，把“する”变成“すれば”。
命令形：
一类动词：把基本形的最后一个音变成相应的“え”段上的音。
二类动词：把基本形的“る”变成“ろ”。
三类动词：把“来る”变成“来い”，把“する”变成“しろ”。
意志形：
一类动词：把基本形的最后一个音变成相应的“お”段上的音的长音。
二类动词：把基本形的“る”变成“よう”。
三类动词：把“来る”变成“来よう”，把“する”变成“しよう”。
可能形：
一类动词：把基本形的最后一个音变成相应的“え”段上的音，再加“る”。
二类动词：把基本形的“る”变成“られる”。
三类动词：把“来る”变成“来られる”，把“する”变成“できる”。
被动形：
一类动词：把“ない形”的“ない”变成“れる”。
二类动词：把“ない形”的“ない”变成“られる”。
三类动词：把“来る”变成“来られる”，把“する”变成“される”。
使役形：
一类动词：把“ない形”的“ない”变成“せる”。
二类动词：把“ない形”的“ない”变成“らせる”。
三类动词：把“来る”变成“来させる”，把“する”变成“させる”。
＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝
基础语法
动词篇
动词篇
一.动词连用形
１
变化规则
①
五段动词：
a：动词词尾变成其所在行的い段字。（又称连用形1）
b：在后接「て、ても、ては、た、たら、たり」时，五段动词的连用形发生音变浊化（又称连用形2）。
②
一段动词：去掉动词词尾中的る（同未然形）。
③サ变动词：する变成し。する＝＝し。勉強する＝＝勉強し。④カ变动词：くる变成き。来る（くる）＝＝き
2
各种实用例
Ａ连用法：a，连用形+始まる、続ける、終わる等构成复合动词。
①
読みかけた本の頁に印をつける。“在读了一部分的书页上作记号。”
②
食べおわったら片づけてください。“吃完了后给收拾一下。”
③
勉強し続けるためには丈夫な体が必要です。“为了继续学习，需要健康的身体。”
④
来遅れたら待ちませんよ。“来晚了，我可不等你呀。”
b，连用形+やすい、にくい等来构成复合形容词。
①
この万年筆は書きやすいです。“这只钢笔很好写。”
②
この服はとても格好がいいが、非常に着にくい。“这件衣服很时髦，但是很不好穿。”③
この部分は把握しやすい内容だ。“这一部分是很容易掌握的内容。”
④
ここはなかなか来にくい場所である。“这里是很不容易来的地方。”
c，动词连用形2+て+（狭义的）补助动词。
①
兄は今本を読んでいます。“哥哥现在正在读书。”
②
美味しいので、全部食べてしまいました。“因为好吃，所以全部吃光了。”
③
友達が来るから、部屋を掃除しておきました。“因为朋友要来，所以我把房间收拾干净了。”
④
ここへ来てみてはじめて此所の立派さに驚いた。“来到这里，才知道这里的壮观程度。”
d,连用形+名词构成复合名词。
①
読み物はたくさんあるけれど、本当に読んだのはそれほど無い。“书很多，但是真正读过的，没有几本。”
②
忘れ物をしないように気を付けてください
。“请注意，不要忘掉东西。”
B，中顿法：连用形。
a，用于连接2个单句，使之变成一个并列句。
①
雨が降り、風も吹いている。“又下雨，又刮风。”
②
ご飯も食べ、御酒も飲みます。“又吃饭，又喝酒。”
③
日本語の勉強もし、コンピュータの勉強もする。“又学日语，又学计算机。”
④
山田さんも来、田中さんも来た。（一般用来て）“山田来了，田中也来了。”
b，用于连接2个单句，使之表示2个连续的动作。
①
朝起きて、歯を磨き、顔を洗った。“早晨起床后，刷牙、洗脸。”
②
ご飯を食べ、お茶を飲んだ。“吃饭（后）喝茶。”
③
ラジオ体操をし、ジョキングをした。“作广播操，再慢跑。”
④
鈴木さんが来、公演をした。（一般用来て）“铃木先生来了，并进行了讲演。”
c，表示动作的状态/原因。
①
傘を持ち、出て行きました。“拿着伞出去了。”
②
見たい映画を見、満足しました。“看了想看的电影，所以很满意。”
③
先生が説明をし、皆は分かりました。“因为老师进行了说明，所以大家都明白了。”
④
林さんが来、とても賑やかになりました。（一般用来て）“因为小林来了，所以变得非常热闹起来。”
Ｃ，名词法：一些动词连用形＝表示动作的名词
a,单独的名词
①
変なことを言って笑いの種になりました。“说了不得体的话，被人当成了笑料。”
②
この店はつけが出来ません。“这个店不能赊帐。”
③
新疆の少数民族は踊りが上手です。“新疆的少数民族的擅长舞蹈。”
b,动词连用形或形容词词干+动词连用形（名词）
①
読み書きはできますか。“你会读和写吗？”
②
早起きは体に良いです。“早起对身体有好处。”
③
行き来ともにバスでした。“来回都是公共汽车。”
Ｄ，来去的目的
连用形+に+来去动词
①
食品を買いに行きます。“去买食品。”
②
本を借りに図書館へ来ました。“去图书馆借书。”
③