《舞会之后》读后感 本文关键词：读后感，舞会
《舞会之后》读后感 本文简介：读《舞会之后》有感摘要：《舞会之后》是列夫·托尔斯泰短篇小说中的名篇，也是这位大文豪晚年世界观激变的体现，文章虽篇幅短小却寓意丰富。小说描述了青年贵族伊万在舞会上对上校之女的“爱”与在刑场上体验到的对上校迫害士兵的“恶”，借助各种艺术手法的出彩运用以及成功的人物形象塑造，描绘了人类美好纯洁的感情是如
《舞会之后》读后感 本文内容：
读《舞会之后》有感
摘要：《舞会之后》是列夫·托尔斯泰短篇小说中的名篇，也是这位大文豪晚年世界观激变的体现，文章虽篇幅短小却寓意丰富。小说描述了青年贵族伊万在舞会上对上校之女的“爱”与在刑场上体验到的对上校迫害士兵的“恶”，借助各种艺术手法的出彩运用以及成功的人物形象塑造，描绘了人类美好纯洁的感情是如何被人性中恶的另一面所破坏，揭露出以“老上校”为代表的俄国沙皇反动统治阶级在“文明外衣”的虚假面具下残暴凶恶、迫害人民的本质。
关键词：《舞会之后》；爱；恶；反动统治阶级
列夫·托尔斯泰是俄国
19
世纪批判现实主义文学的集大成者，他的作品处处体现出其对人性的思考、对祖国前途及命运的探索，散发出文学的迷人魅力。高尔基将托尔斯泰与莎士比亚、巴尔扎克并称为“人类给自己建造的三座纪念碑”。然而，每当我们谈及列夫·托尔斯泰的时候，首先映入我们脑海的却总是《战争与和平》这样的鸿篇巨制。殊不知，他一生之中也留下了不少优秀的中、短篇小说。写于
1903
年的小说《舞会之后》是短篇小说中的名篇，小说篇幅短小而蕴意丰富，题材简单而处理不凡，代表了其晚年的创作风格，反映了其晚年思想转变之后的状态。
《舞会之后》是一篇故事体的小说，读者仿佛身临其境，甚或也成了围坐交谈的一员，听讲述者娓娓叙说自己亲历的故事。讲述者伊万·瓦西里耶维奇以第一人称“我”的形式出现，为向在座各位证明机遇决定了人，他开始讲述自己年轻时的故事。伊万受过高等教育，早年出入于贵族沙龙等社交场合，是一位上层社会出身的人，这一点也与作者的出身具有共通性。在之前的作者看来，贵族社会还存在着精华，如皮埃尔、安德烈、尼古拉、列文等，这些乡村出身的贵族或者是受乡村影响的贵族都是作者关注的对象，他们是贵族阶级的甚至是俄国发展的未来。然而本文中贵族的身份成了作者矛头所指的对象。[1]
舞会上，主人公伊万与漂亮迷人的贵族小姐瓦莲卡一见倾心，爱的感觉使他们深深地沉醉在优美的舞步之中。无疑，伊万对瓦莲卡的爱是纯洁的，是丝毫不与肉欲有关的爱，正如他所说，“我爱的越强烈，就越是不注意她的肉体”。伊万甚至强调，在爱人的眼里，对方的肉体好比是“由青铜铸成”的。这种精神之爱使他心里由衷地产生了一种幸福愉悦的心情，于是引发了对瓦莲卡的上校父亲，她的母亲、客人、仆役，乃至整个世界的爱屋及乌式的爱。舞会结束，被爱情眩晕的伊万无法入眠，徘徊在清晨的街角。谢肉节的这一天，他目睹了一场对鞑靼逃兵所施的夹鞭刑，残酷的滥用暴力使他的心灵深受震撼。更令他无法接受的是，暴力行为的组织者和实施者竟然是几个小时前舞会上让自己倾心的少女瓦莲卡的那位魁梧端庄、温文尔雅、舞步优美的上校父亲。刚刚燃烧起来的炽热爱情顷刻间化为风中残烛。这件事成了一个改变他人生的机会，他久久无法从阴影当中走出，最终终结了与瓦莲卡的感情，并不再加入军队或地方机构，成为了一个“庸碌”的人。
文中一共有两个场景：舞会和刑场，而在这两个形成鲜明对比的地方，伊万经历了从“爱”的理想迸发到“爱”的理想幻灭的过程：
舞会上，他是一个“不知有恶、只能行善的超凡脱俗的人”，“爱”的意义对于伊万来说只是男女间的情爱，瓦莲卡在他心中留下的是对人间至美之审美感受。而瓦莲卡的父亲——上校的出现，让在场的所有人包括伊万心中都产生了深深的敬意，“为了把他的爱女带进社交界和给她穿戴打扮，他不买时兴的靴子，只穿自制的靴子”，他所表现出的对女儿无限的慈爱、父女间的温情以及温和有礼的微笑，让全场人都获得了心灵的感动，“至于对她的父亲，连同他的自制皮靴和像她一样的亲切的微笑，当时我更是体验到一种深厚的温柔的感情”，伊万内心情感产生了巨大的变化，父爱的温情与互爱的和谐激发了他对爱的重新认知与诠释，此时的爱能够超越男女间的情爱，更具有了“博爱”的精神意味，他抛弃了从前自爱的极端利己主义者身份，蜕变为宽恕、怜悯他者的利他主义者，对自己曾经的行为进行反省与希望重新得到救赎，就连那个工程师情敌也成为了他爱的对象，可以说上校的出现是伊凡发生蜕变的原因。
刑场上，舞会当天正是谢肉节的最后一天，这一天也被称作“宽恕日”，人们在这一天互相请求对方宽恕自己，摒弃前嫌，重归于好。然而讽刺的是，就在这一天，女孩的父亲转换了身份，逼迫着手下的士兵对手下的士兵执行残酷的夹鞭刑，被打的士兵不断地求饶却几乎无人敢于施与怜悯，因为那样自己也会受到处罚。受刑者的后背被打得皮开肉绽，受刑者的皮肤粘在棍子上被撕下，场面非常惨烈。伊万为这件事受到极大的刺激，如果说上校是他所建立“博爱”准则的道德伦理标准，那么他的新价值无疑是可笑并虚假的。他看到高雅背后的虚伪，文明背后的野蛮，从此在思想观念上产生了激变，影响了其未来生活的重新选择，即与虚伪的上流社会告别。
正如托尔斯泰自己所说“每个人都具有各种各样的本性胎芽”，上校在舞会上的温情明亮与刑场上的冷酷恐怖都是他面具中的一面，显露的是“本性胚芽”中的侧面，伊万希望找到理由为唤醒他精神上“博爱”思想的上校开脱，但是上校自身的存在就是对“勿以暴力抗恶”的最大讽刺。伊万在逃犯身上看到的伤痕累累的疤痕不仅是烙在逃犯个体肉体之上的伤痕，更是对人类内心的解剖，在他心中代表着“爱”的光辉的上校用恶去惩罚他人，以罪恶报复罪恶，那么在人类集体当中，则无法留有绝对向外型的“爱”。人自身既存在着爱的可能，又存在着恶的本能，所以用爱来布道于世，能够震颤心灵，但恶是爱的双生，所以恶的必然存在的特点，仍然会在人类集体中留下伤痕累累的恨，而伊万所“无法了解”的事正是他没有办法担任军职与在地方供职的原因，那就是谁可以裁决、纠正他人，他想不出来任何一个人是无罪的、纯洁的，可以有资格扮演惩戒的上帝力量，但是军队、地方机构甚至是教会所确立的社会机制在集体无意识当中确立了绝对的权力地位，非以爱来感化人民，而是以暴力规束、惩罚人民，形成的是对惩戒力量的恐惧。[2]正如克尔凯郭尔所认为的人对上帝的皈依，是对上帝这种绝对存在与绝对力量的恐惧，害怕得到惩戒因而选择服从，这正是托尔斯泰“博爱”“勿以暴力抗恶”思想所反对的，但是托尔斯泰毕生都没有找到能够实现让人类“以爱抗恶”的理想途径，那么伊万的本身就可以看作是托尔斯泰毕生的缩影，而他最后变成了一个“废物”，但是却让更多人避免变成“废物”的人，这也是另外一种对罪恶的抵抗。
在爱的哲学必然走向失败的社会时代，与其做个带着面具、同流合污的“超人”，不如做个无面具、坚持真理的“庸人”。
参考文献：
[1]
托尔斯泰.托尔斯泰中短篇小说集[M].臧仲伦，张耳，译.北京：中国友谊出版公司,2014:386-412.
[2]
曹新月.《舞会之后》中托尔斯泰“爱”的哲学[J].名作欣赏，2016,2(3)：57-58.
篇2：Beauty-industry-读后感
Beauty-industry-读后感 本文关键词：读后感，Beauty，industry
Beauty-industry-读后感 本文简介：Goodlooks,Interestingsoul ----aviewofTheBeautifulIndustry“Realbeautyisasmuchanaffairoftheinnerasoftheouterself”，yeah,thissentenceisfromAldousL.Huxl
Beauty-industry-读后感 本文内容：
Good
looks,Interesting
soul
----a
view
of
The
Beautiful
Industry
“Real
beauty
is
as
much
an
affair
of
the
inner
as
of
the
outer
self”，yeah,this
sentence
is
from
Aldous
L.Huxley’
article
The
Beautiful
Industry
.
This
article
reminds
me
of
another
sentence
which
is
very
popular
in
the
Internet
.It
says“Good
looks
are
almost
in
the
same
pattern,while
interesting
souls
are
nearly
one
in
a
million”.I’m
found
of
this
sentence,it
worth
thinking
carefully.
Now,I’d
like
to
talk
something
about
the
good
looks
and
interesting
souls.
In
modern
society,“Good
looks”
are
actually
everywhere
.Just
like
the
sentence
in
the
article
“The
crone
of
the
future
will
be
golden,curly
and
cherry-lipped,neat-
ankled
and
slender
.The
Portrait
of
the
Artist’s
Mother
will
come
to
be
almost
Artist’s
Daughter.”Reading
this,I
am
just
surprised
by
the
accurate
prediction
he
made
.The
article
is
written
in
the
1900s,what
he
said
that
time
has
became
truth
.Because
if
you
like
surfing
the
Internet,you
will
find
that
there
are
so
many
reports
like
this
:Unbelievable!She
is
48
but
still
have
the
appearance
of
a
18-year-old
girl!
Or
like
this:
Amazing!
A
50-year-old
mother
stand
with
her
20-year-old
daughter,they’re
just
like
sisters!
This
reports
are
true
and
it
describe
the
situation
vividly.
As
you
can
see,today
in
China,with
the
rising
of
our
standard,people’s
requirement
of
good
looks
has
been
heightened
.The
cosmetics
industry
in
our
country
has
a
rapid
development,we
can
buy
all
kinds
of
cosmetics
and
make
various
of
hair-dressing
in
the
department
store.So
when
you
walking
on
the
street,looking
around,you
may
find
that
almost
all
the
girls
have
a
good
looking
with
fashionable
dressing.And
so
many
people
aren’t
satisfied
with
their
appearance
.They
spar
no
money
or
energy
on
beautiful
clothes,fashionable
hair
styles,the
decoration
of
their
body
and
even
the
improvement
of
their
looks
.Even
some
girls
spend
much
money
taking
a
kind
of
operation
.
From
this
phenomenon,we
can
draw
a
conclusion
that
everybody
admire
beauty
and
eager
for
a
good
looking.So
you
may
ask,is
good
looks
really
so
important？As
far
as
I
can
see,the
answer
is
“yes”and
it’s
of
great
importance.Good
looks
is
just
like
a
silent
letter
of
recommendation.
Good
looks
often
makes
a
sharp
difference
in
social
communication,competition,finding
jobs
and
so
on.
Not
only
can
it
help
you
become
more
confident,but
also
it
can
help
you
became
more
impressive
.Your
good
looks
is
likely
to
draw
much
attention.
So,what
kind
of
a
person
can
be
praised
as
a
good-looking?Maybe
you
insist
that
a
good-looking
girl
must
have
a
big
eyes,a
straight
nose,small
cherry
mouth
and
perfect
body.
However,I
think
a
person’s
good
looks,the
location
of
its
features
only
accounted
for
the
percent
of
them.Good
looks
is
from
the
inside
of
the
refined
and
cultured,is
a
kind
of
educated
temperament
.As
an
old
sayings
goes
“There
are
no
ugly
woman
in
the
world,only
lazy
woman
in
the
world.”Keeping
your
clothes
clean,having
your
hair
neat
and
tidy,straighten
your
waist,showing
your
sweet
smile.If
you
have
done
this,you
are
supposed
to
be
good-looking
in
my
heart.
In
other
worlds,if
you
are
not
a
lazy
woman,you
must
have
access
to
make
yourself
to
look
pretty.
Some
people
say
that
when
you
meet
someone
the
first
time,your
first
impression
to
he
is
entirely
depends
on
the
appearance.
The
two
strangers
meet
for
the
first
time,your
good
looks
will
help
you
attract
attention
.However,you
are
comment
on
a
flower
or
a
butterfly
from
the
beauty
of
your
appearance,but
you
can’t
judge
a
person
by
that.
So,with
time
goes
by,whether
two
strange
people
can
be
friends
or
lovers,good
looks
is
not
the
only
standards.
While
an
interesting
soul,can
make
you
appeal
to
each
other
permanently.If
gook
looks
is
a
recommendation,Just
like
what
I
said
“An
interesting
soul
will
make
you
one
in
a
million.”
Interesting
souls
are
the
most
valuable
.Talking
to
an
interesting
person
is
always
funny
and
happy.
You
needn’t
worry
about
nothing
to
say
with
each
other,and
not
to
worry
about
being
bored
together.
An
interesting
soul
is
always
make
people
feel
free
and
pleasant
.
In
the
aimless
world,facing
the
rough
life,some
people
lost
their
goals,patience
and
even
lost
their
temper.They
don’t
have
their
own
hobbies
and
dreams.
So,we
live
with
the
boring
life
day
after
day.
When
reality
be
the
worst,life
is
only
with
struggle.The
interesting
soul,always
like
the
lotus,out
of
mud
without
being
sullied,it
remains
true,exudes
the
fragrance,gladdening
the
heart
and
refreshing
the
mind.
We
always
say“Life
is
not
only
full
of
compromise,there
should
also
be
poetry
and
future.”
Maybe
only
an
interesting
soul
will
pursue
a
life
like
this.
The
biggest
difference
between
people
and
people
are
not
the
external
appearance,but
inner
soul.Good-looking
people
almost
have
the
similar
appearance,but
interesting
souls
are
always
one
in
a
million.
A
person
who
is
good-looking,but
has
a
ugly
mind,his
face
is
also
annoying;
and
a
person
who
don’t
have
a
good
looks,if
his
has
a
kind
heart,he
will
also
gain
beauty.
I
strongly
believe
that
there
is
not
real
ugly
people
in
this
world,as
long
as
you
dress
up
yourself,your
appearance
is
as
beautiful
as
others.
So,what
can
real
make
a
person
out
of
the
ordinary
and
became
outstanding,not
the
same
external
good
appearance,but
an
interesting
soul.Whenever,even
if
life
is
hard
for
you,and
you
can
still
keep
your
hope
for
life.
Some
hopeless
people
always
say
life
is
nothing
but
boring,they
repeated
it
day
in
and
day
out.
However
the
one
who
has
an
interesting
soul,always
improve
himself
to
become
the
person
he
want
to
be
and
live
the
life
they
want
to
live.
You
are
always
admire
other
people
are
very
interesting,appreciate
their
interesting
soul,but
you
never
try
to
change
yourself.
In
fact,everyone
of
us,could
become
an
interesting
people
with
an
interesting
soul.
Everyone
admire
the
interesting
soul,so,how
can
we
have
an
interesting
soul?
Maybe,you
should
look
at
this:
1.Love
life
.
Most
people
feel
life
is
boring,their
life
are
lack
of
passion.
A
person
who
loves
life,he
will
think
that
the
life
is
always
with
fun.
If
you
put
your
enthusiasm
on
life,life
will
give
pleasure
in
return.
If
you
feel
that
life
is
boring,how
can
you
share
happiness
with
others?I
believe
everyone
love
live
with
people
who
are
love
life,because
you
will
feel
it’s
very
interesting
to
stay
with
them,even
just
chat
with
them.
They
make
you
feel
more
love
of
life,this
make
them
look
at
the
world
in
a
different
perspective.If
you
live
with
a
person
who
have
interesting
souls
in
yourself
lifetime,then
you
ll
find
that
your
lifetime
is
short.
2.
Have
a
good
eye
for
beauty
Once
Diderot
said
“What
you
lake
is
not
beauty,but
a
good
eye
for
beauty
.Beauty
is
an
extremely
close
quality,in
front
of
the
tow
qualities
above
plus
some
rare
and
the
splendid
situation,it
is
really
beautiful,good
looks
beautiful.”
The
same
scenery,different
people
will
have
different
feeling.
Beautiful
things
are
transient,such
as
fireworks.
And
if
you
are
good
at
discovering
the
beauty,beauty
is
permanent.
Seen
the
roar
of
the
sea,you
can
still
enjoy
the
small
stream;
seen
grim,you
can
still
enjoy
the
little
hill
.The
world
is
so
big,you
never
see
it
totally.
Whenever
you
see
what
beautiful
scenery,you
can
still
appreciate
the
ordinary
small
village.
That
is
the
discovery
of
beauty.Going
far,just
to
let
you
know
there
is
much
beauty.
Looking
back,you
will
know
that
beauty
is
always
with
you.
3.
Keep
your
curiosity
Curiosity
and
doubt
about
new
things
are
the
secretary
to
keep
a
interesting
life.
In
childhood,children’s
curiosity
is
obviously
strong
.With
growing
up
gradually,the
curiosity
seems
to
be
losing.
Keeping
curiosity
doesn
t
mean
looking
for
adventure
and
excitement
in
your
life.
On
the
contrary,it
a
fun
to
look
for
new
things
from
a
normal
life
Keeping
your
curiosity
does
not
mean
being
a
playboy,but
just
to
make
your
life
more
colorful.
4.
Willing
to
be
insipid
but
detached
from
reality
Probably
there
are
a
lot
of
people
believe
that
the
person
who
is
lively
and
cheerful
are
more
interesting
and
they
never
feel
boring.
In
fact,whether
it
is
interesting
or
not
don’t
have
much
connection
with
personality.You
may
be
shy
and
conservative,but
that
doesn
t
affect
you
to
have
an
interesting
soul.
If
you
re
doing
things
that
others
think
it’s
not
so
interesting,just
because
other
people
don
t
understand
your
world.
If
you
re
outgoing,you
have
a
big
social
circles,and
you
always
join
social
events,maybe
that
s
what
other
people
look
forward
to
.
Or
sometimes
they
don
t
understand,you
are
lonely
but
you
still
feel
funny.
The
reality
is
that
life
is
90%
dull
and
10%
is
Wonderful
So，learn
to
enjoy
90%of
the
plain,you
will
be
able
to
find
poetry
and
future,and
the
last
10%
of
your
life
will
be
more
exciting.
Life
is
long，be
with
interesting
people
It
s
fun
to
find
a
interesting
people
and
spend
an
interesting
life
together.
Life
is
very
long,and
it
make
no
sense
to
be
with
boring
people;
Life
is
very
short,so
every
day
to
live
with
happy
and
fun.
If
you
want
to
do
one
thing
but
you
think
it
a
long
time,you
fear
of
the
words
people
saying
around
you,that
needn’t
to
care.
In
fact,your
life
is
your
own,what
others
say
about
you
is
not
important.
Never
be
afraid
of
being
different
from
others,everyone
have
his
way
to
go,most
people
walking
on
their
road
and
won’t
mind
you.
Never
follow
other’s
thinking
blindly,if
there
are
different
thought
in
your
heart,you
are
suppose
to
speak
it
out.
If
there
are
interesting
ideas
in
your
mind,you
can
also
express
it
to
others.
篇3：A-Dill-Pickle-读后感
A-Dill-Pickle-读后感 本文关键词：读后感，Dill，Pickle
A-Dill-Pickle-读后感 本文简介：ADillPickleI’vereadthisnovelfourtimesaltogether.EverytimeIfinished,agravefeelinghidedinmyheart,likeabigstone.Tobehonest,Idislikethemaninthenovel,ofcou
A-Dill-Pickle-读后感 本文内容：
A
Dill
Pickle
I’ve
read
this
novel
four
times
altogether.
Every
time
I
finished,a
grave
feeling
hided
in
my
heart,like
a
big
stone.
To
be
honest,I
dislike
the
man
in
the
novel,of
course,not
out
of
gender
discrimination.
In
my
comprehention,the
purpose
of
his
recalling
of
their
beautiful
time
when
they
were
in
love
six
years
ago
is
mainly
to
allure
the
woman,then
to
afflict
her,finally
to
mock
her.
Undoubtedly,it
is
six
years
ago
that
he
fell
in
love
with
her
and
regarded
themselves
as
“mournful
lovers”.
On
the
other
hand,however,is
the
“love”
they
considered
then
really
called
“love”?
It’s
hard
to
say.
The
truth
is
that
he
ever
was
a
poor
guy
who
had
never
got
over
a
little
pot
of
caviare
while
she
was
born
in
a
bourgeois
family
and
experienced
lots
of
things
he
had
no
chance
to
know.
The
distinction
between
them
attracted
him
and
this
maybe
one
of
the
reasons
why
he
admired
her
so
much
at
that
time.
But
now,everything
has
changed.
Neither
of
them
are
what
they
were
six
years
ago.
He
has
more
experiences
than
her
and
is
much
more
richer
than
her.
“He
had
lost
all
the
dreamy
vagueness
and
indecision”.
Wealth
can
make
a
man
realistic.
The
letter
she
had
written
to
him
at
the
time
nearly
finished
his
life,but
now
it
was
a
true
picture
of
him.
“I
couldn’t
help
laughing
as
I
read
it.”,as
he
said.
He
was
likely
to
have
bitter
on
her
before,but
in
this
restaurant,all
he
left
is
mockery
and
revenge.
He
told
her
all
his
recalling
and
all
he
experienced.
It
is
always
he
who
controled
the
whole
process
of
conversation.
What’s
more,it’s
he
who
held
back.
Another
character
in
this
novel
is
the
woman
whom
I
actually
sympathize
with
a
lot.
She
was
extremely
in
a
passive
position
throughout
the
conversation.
At
the
very
beginning
of
the
plot,in
the
restaurant,she
recognized
him
immediately,but
relatively,his
reaction
was
just
to
frown
and
didn’t
know
her
for
a
moment.
Despite
this,the
poor
lady
was
still
willing
to
be
cheated
by
his
sweet
words.
The
moment
she
raised
her
veil
she
was
eager
to
stay
there,talking
to
him,even
though
ate
nothing.
Her
mind
followed
his
description
from
the
days
when
they
were
young,being
together
to
adventurous
places
he
visited.
Every
a
single
action
touched
her
heart;
every
a
soft
word
drove
her
dreaming.
Once
she
gave
up
him;
now
she
regretted.
“Was
it
too
late?
Could
it
be
too
late?”
The
answer
obviously
is
yes.
He
didn’t
love
her
any
more,which
unfortunately
she
did
not
noticed.
This
is
the
difference
between
man
and
woman.
Man
is
a
kind
of
logical
animal.
Woman
is
emotional.
Luckily,they
have
something
in
common-----they
are
both
egoist.
Apart
from
the
sexual
distinction,the
author
also
aims
to
expose
the
distinction
of
different
classes.
In
that
epoch,the
sense
of
class
was
distinct
in
citizens’
mind.
From
appearance,the
story
is
a
tragedy;
in
nature,it
is
the
result
of
class.
Low
class
is
bound
to
be
seperated
from
high
class,as
this
couple
broke
up
six
years
ago
and
did
once
again
this
time.
Furthermore,this
novel
is
a
vivid
portrayal
of
the
indifference
in
that
bourgeois
society.