学年英语学科工作总结 本文关键词：英语，学年，工作总结，学科
学年英语学科工作总结 本文简介：2010-2011学年英语学科工作总结本学期，我们英语学科组围绕学校工作,扎实开展课题研究工作和有效教学的研讨,经过一学期的努力,取得了一定成效。一．抓常规辅助实施有效教学，全面提升教学质量根据6、7年级学额大，本学期英语基地班取消和组内青年教师增多的实际情况，我们本学期在教学方面提出加强有效教学：
学年英语学科工作总结 本文内容：
2010-2011学年英语学科工作总结
本学期，我们英语学科组围绕学校工作,扎实开展课题研究工作和有效教学的研讨,经过一学期的努力,取得了一定成效。
一．抓常规辅助实施有效教学，全面提升教学质量
根据6、7年级学额大，本学期英语基地班取消和组内青年教师增多的实际情况，我们本学期在教学方面提出加强有效教学：抓实集体备课，抓好师徒和备课组长的听课，抓住出题考的环节和考后分析，开展了“徒弟会课”听评课活动和备课组长交流指导学生预习两项活动，提高课堂教学的有效性，从而提升教学质量。
1.在集体备课方面，我们要求加强效率和备学生环节。⑴备课组长切实承担起责任，协调分配好前后各班的教学进度，责任分配明确并指导好青年教师和新调转教师的备课，（2）主备人要放在如何组织学生有效的学和教师的点拨与说思路上做重点分析（3）8、9年级在备课环节中要有跟踪生和指标生落实情况分析和解决措施。本学期，集体备课的针对性更强了，青年教师的备课也很上路。
2.去年我们在小6和7试点的以帮助学生、调动学生自主参与学习为目的课前预习提纲，坚持了1学期，收到了良好的效果，本学期初（9月11日）我们在教研组会上由两个年段的备课组长（陈秀娟、陆亚欣）具体交流了预习提纲的操作过程和发现的问题及改进建议。并在本学期，在这届小六6（语法提纲）和7年级（前10班）继续开展预习指导。
3.在听课方面，我们本着以听课促学习、促反思、促提高为目的，积极听课，组内教师听课节数大都30节以上。特别是（1）几位备课组长深入到备课组内听各教师的课，并做了具体的交流与指导（张媛听同备课组15节，陈秀娟10节；佟欣铭14节；陆亚欣24节）。（2）青年徒弟教师与新来教师保证每周新课前听师父或老教师的课（如杨笛和王慧超听师傅课都在30节以上），并在期末上交了一份听课总结（内容包括听课节数、收获、主要存在的问题、已解决的问题、还需改进的）（3）师父对徒弟做了重点跟踪听课（常颖听徒弟课20节，陆亚欣12节）和批改、辅导、出题、写教案等全方面的指导，对他们的成长起了重大的帮助（4）为听课促研讨，我们在11月下旬借学校四杯赛机会开展了“徒弟会课”教研组内听评课活动，组内没课教师全部参与听课，并在12月2日专门召开组会进行评课，本着发现问题，研究解决，共同提高的原则开展，研讨氛围浓厚。（5）积极参与区、市的听课研讨活动：本学期参加了吉大附中的“三省四市”课和师大附中的开放听课。
3．继续发扬自主命题，抓住出题考的环节和考后试卷分析：本学期6年（60套左右）7年前十班（40套以上）8年前面班级（10套左右）9年（各月考卷）形成组内单元教学及月考题库资源，本学期6、7年级教师自己命题能力突出，存在的问题是每年组后面班级没有及时上缴命题或没有。
二．教科研结合，有效落实课题研究。
结合每次的教研活动及个人读书活动，组织教师们认真学习英语教育教学理论知识。在每次的科研活动中，抓好教师的问题研究，开展学习交流。12月份由回国教师佟欣铭讲座《美国课堂的外语教学》，期末围绕课题研究进行学术的交流“学困生转化方面教学策略”。这些教研活动都是促进老师们在真实经历中去思考与感悟。通过理论学习与讨论交流，教师们形成了良好的学习研讨氛围，教师们能结合自己的实际教学进行反思，对课题的进一步研究实施奠定了良好的基础。
三．用学科活动拉动英语学习和有效教学
1、“英语文化墙”展
配合学年组假期作业展，本学期以备课组为单位开展了英语文化墙的展出,6年mystorybook，7年英语报。
2、学唱特色英文歌曲
开展课前学唱英文歌曲，根据学生年龄特点，选取经典及有特色的英文歌曲，年组统一，每月一首歌，专人负责。
3.开展以促进学生英语学习为目的的学科竞赛活动：6年级书法比赛和7年级百词竞赛及英语情景作文展，8年级的阅读竞赛，并保留样题和公布了获奖名单。
经过努力，老师们都能切实地积累有效教学策略并在课堂教学中加以运用，并收到一定的成效。
篇2：考研英语常用要点语法总结
考研英语常用要点语法总结 本文关键词：考研英语，语法，要点，常用
考研英语常用要点语法总结 本文简介：考研1号英语精品，祝您考研成功！定语从句一、定语从句的概念什么是定语从句？例:Arichpersonisnottheonewhohasthemost,butistheonewhoneedstheleast.用来修饰前面的名词或者代词的具有完整的主谓结构的句子就叫着定语从句。有两个必备的基本元素。一个
考研英语常用要点语法总结 本文内容：
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定语从句
一、定语从句的概念
什么是定语从句？
例
:
A
rich
person
is
not
the
one
who
has
the
most,but
is
the
one
who
needs
the
least.
用来修饰前面的名词或者代词的具有完整的主谓结构的句子就叫着定语从句。有两个必
备的基本元素。一个是先行词；一个是关系词。
1.名词或代词做先行词。
例：He
laughs
best
who
laughs
last.
2.短语做先行词。Many
of
life
s
problems
which
were
solved
by
asking
family
members,friends
or
colleagues
are
beyond
the
capability
of
the
extended
family
to
resolve.
3.用句子做先行词。The
Greeks
assumed
that
the
structure
of
language
had
some
connection
with
the
process
of
thought,which
took
root
in
Europe
long
before
people
realized
how
diverse
languages
could
be.
I
am
a
student
which
you
all
know.
当先行词与关系词被割裂时是如何表现的。如：Today,stepladders
carry
labels
several
inches
long
that
warn,among
other
things,that
you
might
--
surprise!
--
fall
off.
找先行词的方法。反证法。把它带进去。哪一个是通顺的，哪一个就是先行词。
1.
翻译定语从句。
2.
结合先行词的结构特点和位置特征在关系词之前寻找与定语从句的意思的有逻辑
关系相符合的词。
二、定语从句里面的关系代词的用法。
1.常用的关系代词：which,that,who,whom。Whom
现在用的很少。前面有介词只能用
which，不能用
that。
2.
关系代词在考试中的特殊情况。
What:1)它是子母同体。相当于一个关系代词以及一个先行词。What
前面不应该在出现
先行词。
如果前面已经偶一个关系词，就不能用
what
来引导。例如：You
can
have
everything
what
you
like.
what=all
that,所以这儿不能用
what.
All---is
a
continuous
supplying
of
the
basic
necessities
of
life
A.
what
is
the
need
B.
the
things
need
C.
for
our
needs
D.
that
is
need
2)what
单独使用，后面不加名词。
例如：She
is
not
what
she
used
to
be.
3)what
后面加名词
例如：What
money
I
have
has
been
given
to
you.
1997
年考题：______he
knows
about
it
is
out
of
date
and
in
accurate
A.
What
little
B.
So
much
C.
How
much
D.
So
little
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as
1.
like
2.
作为
3.
when
4.
引导定语从句。即可引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。引导限
制性定语从句一般式固定用法。如
as?as,such?as
as
引导非限制性定语从句
例如：I
was
a
boy
which
you
know.
which
可以用
as
替换。
As
is
so
often
pointed
out
knowledge
is
a
two
edge
weapon
which
can
be
used
equally
for
good
or
evil.
as
引导限制性定语从句
考试中往往考固定搭配。
例如：Such
a
student
as
works
hard
were
be
sure
to
succeed.
than
作为关系代词可以引导定语从句
More
families
consist
of
one
parent
households
or
two
working
parents;
consequently,children
are
likely
to
have
less
supervision
at
home
____
was
common
in
the
traditional
family
structure
.
A.than
特点：
B.that
C.which
D.as
1)
than
作为关系代词引导词在从句中一般必须做主语或者作宾语。
2)
than
前面的主句必须要有比较级
3)
比较级所修饰的名词就是
than
指代的对象
三、关系副词
When
引导的定语从句。
1)先行词必须是表示时间的名词。
Or
so
the
thinking
has
gone
since
the
early
1980s,when
juries
began
holding
more
companies
liable
for
their
customers
misfortunes.
2)如何区分
when
引导的定语从句和状语从句。用句子表示状语就是状语从句。例如：
When
I
go
to
school,I
will
work
hard.
从两方面区分：
When
引导的定语从句前一定有表示时间的名词；When
引导的状语语从句前没有有表
示时间的名词。
从翻译的角度看如果是引导的定语从句可以不翻译。如果是状语从句就必须翻译成
当??时候。
When=on
which
Where
where=in
which
where
引导的从句先行词必须是表示地点的名词。例如：
I
was
born
in
Beijing
where
the
Olympic
games
will
be
held.
先行词表示地点,不一定用
where
来引导。例如：
I
have
never
been
to
Beijing,but
it
s
the
place
__.
A.where
I
dlike
to
visit
B.in
which
I
d
like
to
visit
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C.I
most
want
to
visit
D.thar
I
want
to
visit
it
most
名词从句
讲五个问题：
一、名词从句的本质。
1.
概念：就是把一个完整的句子当一个名词来使用。那么从句就具备了名词所具备的所有
性质。主语、宾语、表语、同位语。
2.
引导名词从句常用的连词。有三类：1）that;
2)whether,if;
3)when,where,how
等连接副词
或
what,who,whose
等连接代词。
That
引导的名词性从句不能做任何句子成分。what
一定在从句中充当主语或者宾语。
Which
和
whose
后面必须接名词。例如：
Concerns
were
raised
__witness
might
be
encouraged
to
exaggerate
their
stories
in
court
to
ensure
guilty
verdicts.
A.what
B.when
C.which
D.that
3)多重的名词从句现象。例如：
I
realized
that
what
I
said
was
not
exactly
what
meant
to
say.
考题：Prof.
Lee
s
book
will
show
you
________
can
be
used
in
other
contexts.
[A]
that
you
have
observed
[B]
that
how
you
have
observed
[C]
how
that
you
have
observed
[D]
how
what
you
have
observed
二、名词从句中的主语从句
主语从句有如下几种表示方式：
1.用
which,that
放在句首引导主语从句。例如：
That
the
seas
are
being
overfished
has
been
known
for
years.
3.用
it
is
+ved+that?例如：
It
is
believed
that
you
are
good
boy.
3.
用
whether
引导主语从句。例如：
Whether
the
eyes
are
the
windows
of
the
soul
is
debatable.
三、宾语从句
需要掌握的几点：
及物动词后面的宾语从句。2005
年例句：
Do
you
remember
all
those
years
when
scientists
argued
that
smoking
would
kill
us?
四、表语从句
就是一句话做另一个句子的表语。就是把从句放在系动词的后面。1997
年例句：
A
report
consistently
brought
back
by
visits
to
the
US
is
how
friendly,cautious
and
hopeful
most
Americans
were
to
them.
五、同位语从句
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就是用来补充说明同位语的名词成分的句子。结构是：名词+that+从句。
同位语从句与宾语从句和定语从句的区别：引导宾语从句和定语从句的的
that,which
可以省
略，而引导同位语从句的
that
不能省略。定语从句中的
that
必须在从句中扮演主语或者宾语。
同位语从句的
that
不扮演任何成分。例如：
There
is
a
popular
saying
that
family
instability
causes
social
instability.
that
不做句子成分。
状语从句
1.状语从句的本质。就是用一个句子来作另外一个句子的状语。
状语从句的分类：时间状语、地点状语、原因状语、结果状语、目的状语、条件状语、让步
状语、比较状语、方式状语。
2005
年例句
Strangely,some
people
find
that
they
can
smell
one
type
of
flower
but
not
another,____
others
are
sensitive
to
the
smells
of
both
flowers.
A.
when
难点：
1.When
B.
since
C.
for
D.
whereas
常考的句型：Hardly?when;
when
it
comes
that;
when
it
comes
to
;1991
年例句：
____to
speak
when
the
audience
interrupted
him.
A.
Hardly
had
he
begun
B.
No
sooner
hardly
had
he
begun
C.
Not
until
he
begin
D.
Scarcely
had
he
begin
1998
年例句：
Doing
your
homework
is
a
sure
way
to
improve
your
test
scores,and
this
is
especially
true
________
it
comes
to
classroom
tests.
A.
before
B.
as
C
since
D.
when
2.地点状语从句
Where
引导地点状语一般总是放在主句的后面。例如：
A
driver
should
slower
down
where
there
are
schools.
3.原因状语从句
Since
从??起；因为??
比较特殊的连词：in
that
因为的意思。例句：The
girl
is
like
her
mother
in
that
she
also
has
very
delicate
feeling.
Now
that?因为；given
that?
4.
目的状语从句
lest?
唯恐，害怕;for
fear
当心，害怕引导的是虚拟语气。谓语是
should
+动词原形。should
常省略。
5.结果状语从句
有两种引导法
so?that;
so
that;
such?that;
such
that
2001
年例句：Conversation
becomes
weaker
in
a
society
that
spends
so
much
time
listening
and
being
talked
to
________
it
has
all
but
lost
the
will
and
the
skill
to
speak
for
itself.
A.
as
B.
which
C.
that
D.
what
把
so?that;
so
that;
such?that;
such
that
中的
so
或
such
放在句首形成倒装句。例如：
So
fast
does
light
travel
that
it
is
difficult
for
us
to
imagine
it
s
speed.
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to
the
extent
(that)表示结果
to
some
extent
表示在??之内。在某种程度上
6.条件状语从句
用
unless；
if
引导
难点：only
if
;
if
only
only
if
是“只有“的意思;
if
only
是“只要“意思。2000
年例句：
He
can
continue
to
support
himself
and
his
family
____
he
produces
a
surplus.
A.
only
if
B.
much
as
C
.long
before
D.
ever
since
要记住：supposing
(that)?;provided
(that)?;on
condition
that?
例如：He
will
surely
finished
job
on
time
____he
has
left
to
do
it
in
his
own
way.
A.
in
that
B.
in
case
C.
as
far
as
D.
so
long
as
7.让步状语从句
although;
though;
even
if;
even
though
1997
年例句：__
__
its
economy
continues
to
recover,the
US
is
increasingly
becoming
a
nation
of
part
timers
and
temporary
workers.
A.
Even
though
B.
Now
that
C.
If
only
D.
Provided
that
2004
年例句：All
these
conditions
tend
to
increase
the
probability
of
a
child
committing
a
criminal
act,__
_
a
direct
causal
relationship
has
not
yet
been
established.
A.
provided
B.
since
C.
although
D.
supposing
表示让步转折的介词：in
spite
of;
despite
例如：__what
he
achieved
in
medicine
he
remained
modest.
A.
Despite
B.
Although
C.
If
D.
Whereas
However;
nevertheless;
nonetheless
1998
年例句：This
view;
__,is
generally
thought
to
be
wrong.
A.
however
B.
meanwhile
C.
therefore
D.
more
over
While
当??时候；然而，但是
重点：与
as
有关的让步状语从句
由
as
引导的倒装句
adj.,adv.,分词，名词，短语+as+主语+谓语。
例如：Child
as
he
is,he
can
remember
a
lot
of
things.
as
或
so+adj+as+主谓结构
例如：As
much
as
John
hates
to
do
it,he
must
stay
at
home
and
study
tonight.
8.比较状语从句
重点讲倍数为题
1.倍数+比较级
A
is
three
times
bigger
than
B.
2.倍数+as?as
结构。A
is
three
times
as
big
as
B.
3.倍数+名词结构
A
is
Three
times
the
size
of
B.
No
more
than
特点：
1.
No
more
than=not
any
more
than
2.从功能上看往往表示两个事物之间的类比关系。
3.从意义上看是和??一样。
Not
so
much
as
结构上有两种
1.
Not
A
so
much
as
B.
2.not
so
much
as
B.与其说
A，不如说
B。
考研
1
号系列图书《考研真相》《写作
160
篇》《阅读基础
90
篇》
考研
1
号英语精品，祝您考研成功！
例如：It
wasn
t
so
much
that
I
disliked
her
________
that
I
just
wasn
t
interested
in
the
whole
business.
A.
rather
B.
so
C.
than
D.
as
并列句
一、并列句
并列句的结构要从后面往前找。例如:I
like
apples
from
Japan
and
bananas.
and
可以连接两个并列的词语、短语、句子成分、从句以及句子。
1.
有
and
就肯定有并列。有并列就一定要弄清楚并列的成分。
2.
and
有并列。但并列在考研中有几十种情况。要根据每一种不同的并列进行不同的
处理。
3.
有
and
的并列就要从
and
的后面往前找，而不是从前面往后找。
二、定语后置
She
is
a
beautiful
girl.
一个形容词定语就相当于一个
of
引导的名词作后置定语。上句可写成
She
is
a
girl
of
beauty.
插入语
能够从句子中拿出来而不影响整个句子主谓结构的部分就是插入语。插入语与同谓语的区
别：插入语往往是插在主谓之间。例如：I
am
an
ugly
man.可换成
I
am
a
man
who
is
ugly.
还可换成
I
，who
is
a
man,am
ugly.
1.从命题角度来看插入语的两个逗号就相当于两个括号。表示对插入语前面的解释和说明。
2.从长难句的处理角度来看。插入语扮演的角色就是可以作为整体提出来放到一边最后处
理，就是直接把插入语翻译后放在括号里。
考研
1
号系列图书《考研真相》《写作
160
篇》《阅读基础
90
篇》
篇3：新编商务英语函电练习答案
新编商务英语函电练习答案 本文关键词：函电，商务英语，新编，答案
新编商务英语函电练习答案 本文简介：新编商务英语函电练习答案UnitoneAnOverviewofBusinessLetterWriting1.Rewritingthefollowingsentencestomakethemconciseandclear(1)Pleasesendusacatalogueforallyourproduc
新编商务英语函电练习答案 本文内容：
新编商务英语函电练习答案
Unit
one
An
Overview
of
Business
Letter
Writing
1.
Rewriting
the
following
sentences
to
make
them
concise
and
clear
(1)
Please
send
us
a
catalogue
for
all
your
products
for
our
buyer’s
reference.
(2)
We
are
famous
importers
of
computers
with
branches
in
three
neighboring
cities.
(3)
The
goal
of
American
business
is
to
try
to
raise
the
standard
of
living.
(4)
Great
affluence
is
often
accompanied
by
social
unrest.
(5)
In
1776,Adam
Smith
concluded
that
division
of
labor
makes
it
possible
to
increase
the
amount
of
goods
produced.
(6)
In
socialist
economies
and
capitalist
economies
alike,increasing
number
of
highly
qualified
workers
cannot
find
job
that
requires
their
skills
and
their
training.
(7)
The
salesperson
told
us
to
write
to
the
main
office
directly
for
information.
(8)
The
convention
scheduled
for
the
month
of
January
was
cancelled
owing
to
travel
restriction.
(9)
We
certainly
know
that
your
policy
on
filing
tax
returns,and
intend
to
comply
with
the
stated
regulations.
(10)
If
you
cannot
attend
the
meeting,please
let
us
know
as
soon
as
possible.
2.
Revise
the
following
sentences
to
make
them
positive
rather
than
negative
tone.
(1)
If
you
had
understood
our
February
9th
letter,you
have
done
it
correctly.
(2)
Your
shipment
can
only
be
delivered
next
week.
(3)
If
you
had
taken
proper
care
of
the
computer
system,it
would
have
been
in
a
good
condition.
(4)
Pleas
remit
payment
so
that
you
can
maintain
your
image
of
company.
(5)
For
the
time
being,we
can
serve
you
only
on
cash
basis.
(6)
You
can
visit
the
assembly
line
only
on
Saturday.
(7)
Thank
you
for
calling
our
attention
to
the
late
arrival
of
……
(8)
We
feel
sure
that
you
will
entirely
be
satisfied.
(9)
Your
order
will
be
shipped
in
two
weeks.
3.
Change
the
following
wordy
phrases
into
concise
ones.
(1)
want
to(2)
generally
(3)
as
you
suggested(4)
approve
(5)
because,since(6)
probably
(7)
being
prepared(8)
if
(9)
normally(10)
because,since
(11)
when(12)
enclosed
is/are
(13)
because,since(14)
most
(15)
consider(16)
inquiry
(17)
because(18)
cannot,not
able
to
(19)
about,of
(20)
as
we
agreed
4.
Correct
the
mistakes
in
the
following
letter
Dear
Sirs,We
thank
you
for
your
letter
of
Oct.12
regarded
(regarding)
iron
scraps,for
which
you
have
received
inquiries
from
your
customers
in
Africa.
We
wish
we
had
(could
have)
received
your
inquiry
a
little
earlier.
On
the
very
day
it
reached
us,a
contract
was
placed
(signed)
with
Mexico
for
a
total
of
360,000
tons.
Because
of
this,our
government
has
decided
not
to
grant
export
licenses
for
the
commodity
for
areas
other
than
Mexico
until
Deceber31
2006,expected
(expecting)
the
shortage,which
may
be
caused
in
the
domestic
market.
Therefore,we
shall
be
pleased
to
inform
you
with
detail
(in
detail)
as
soon
as
the
circumstances
becomes
favor
(become
favorable)
for
us
to
do
business
on
(in)
this
line.
Yours
sincerely
5.
Compare
the
following
letters
and
tell
which
is
better
and
why
The
first
letter
reads
unnatural,for
some
chunks
of
words
are
outdated
or
archaic,such
as
“acknowledge
receipt
of
your
credit
application…,”
“please
be
advised…,”
“hoping…we
remain,”
and
etc.
They
sound
distant
and
cool,which
cannot
arouse
friendly
feelings
in
the
audience.
The
second
letter
has
an
oral
style,and
is
easy
to
understand,more
effectively
conveying
the
messages
that
the
author
intends
to
get
across
to
the
audience.