比尔盖茨在哈佛大学毕业典礼上的演讲稿下 本文关键词：哈佛，大学毕业，演讲稿，典礼，比尔盖茨
比尔盖茨在哈佛大学毕业典礼上的演讲稿下 本文简介：比尔盖茨在哈佛大学毕业典礼上的演讲稿（下）Thebiggerproblemisnottheplanecrash,butthemillionsofpreventabledeaths.显然，更重要的问题不是这次空难，而是其他几百万可以预防的死亡事件。Wedon’treadmuchaboutthesede
比尔盖茨在哈佛大学毕业典礼上的演讲稿下 本文内容：
比尔盖茨在哈佛大学毕业典礼上的演讲稿（下）
The
bigger
problem
is
not
the
plane
crash,but
the
millions
of
preventable
deaths.
显然，更重要的问题不是这次空难，而是其他几百万可以预防的死亡事件。
We
don’t
read
much
about
these
deaths.
The
media
covers
what’s
new
–
and
millions
of
people
dying
is
nothing
new.
So
it
stays
in
the
background,where
it’s
easier
to
ignore.
But
even
when
we
do
see
it
or
read
about
it,it’s
difficult
to
keep
our
eyes
on
the
problem.
It’s
hard
to
look
at
suffering
if
the
situation
is
so
complex
that
we
don’t
know
how
to
help.
And
so
we
look
away.
我们并没有很多机会了解那些死亡事件。媒体总是报告新闻，几百万人将要死去并非新闻。如果没有人报道，那么这些事件就很容易被忽视。另一方面，即使我们确实目睹了事件本身或者看到了相关报道，我们也很难持续关注这些事件。看着他人受苦是令人痛苦的，何况问题又如此复杂，我们根本不知道如何去帮助他人。所以我们会将脸转过去。
If
we
can
really
see
a
problem,which
is
the
first
step,we
come
to
the
second
step:
cutting
through
the
complexity
to
find
a
solution.
就算我们真正发现了问题所在，也不过是迈出了第一步，接着还有第二步：那就是从复杂的事件中找到解决办法。
Finding
solutions
is
essential
if
we
want
to
make
the
most
of
our
caring.
If
we
have
clear
and
proven
answers
nytime
an
organization
or
individual
asks
How
can
I
help?,then
we
can
get
action
–
and
we
can
make
sure
that
none
of
the
caring
in
the
world
is
wasted.
But
complexity
makes
it
hard
to
mark
a
path
of
action
for
everyone
who
cares
—
and
that
makes
it
hard
for
their
caring
to
matter.
如果我们要让关心落到实处，我们就必须找到解决办法。如果我们有一个清晰的和可靠的答案，那么当任何组织和个人发出疑问
“如何我能提供帮助”
的时候，我们就能采取行动。我们就能够保证不浪费一丁点全世界人类对他人的关心。但是，世界的复杂性使得很难找到对全世界每一个有爱心的人都有效的行动方法，因此人类对他人的关心往往很难产生实际效果。
Cutting
through
complexity
to
find
a
solution
runs
through
four
predictable
stages:
determine
a
goal,find
the
highest-leverage
approach,discover
the
ideal
technology
for
that
approach,and
in
the
meantime,make
the
smartest
application
of
the
technology
that
you
already
have
—
whether
it’s
something
sophisticated,like
a
drug,or
something
simpler,like
a
bednet.
从这个复杂的世界中找到解决办法，可以分为四个步骤：确定目标，找到最高效的方法，发现适用于这个方法的新技术，同时最聪明地利用现有的技术，不管它是复杂的药物，还是最简单的蚊帐。
The
AIDS
epidemic
offers
an
example.
The
broad
goal,of
course,is
to
end
the
disease.
The
highest-leverage
approach
is
prevention.
The
ideal
technology
would
be
a
vaccine
that
gives
lifetime
immunity
with
a
single
dose.
So
governments,drug
companies,and
foundations
fund
vaccine
research.
But
their
work
is
likely
to
take
more
than
a
decade,so
in
the
meantime,we
have
to
work
with
what
we
have
in
hand
–
and
the
best
prevention
approach
we
have
now
is
getting
people
to
avoid
risky
behavior.
艾滋病就是一个例子。总的目标，毫无疑问是消灭这种疾病。最高效的方法是预防。最理想的技术是发明一种疫苗，只要注射一次，就可以终生免疫。所以，政府、制药公司、基金会应该资助疫苗研究。但是，这样研究工作很可能十年之内都无法完成。因此，与此同时，我们必须使用现有的技术，目前最有效的预防方法就是设法让人们避免那些危险的行为。
[NextPage]
Pursuing
that
goal
starts
the
four-step
cycle
again.
This
is
the
pattern.
The
crucial
thing
is
to
never
stop
thinking
and
working
–
and
never
do
what
we
did
with
malaria
and
tuberculosis
in
the
20th
century
–
which
is
to
surrender
to
complexity
and
quit.
要实现这个新的目标，又可以采用新的四步循环。这是一种模式。关键的东西是永远不要停止思考和行动。我们千万不能再犯上个世纪在疟疾和肺结核上犯过的错误，那时我们因为它们太复杂，而放弃了采取行动。
The
final
step
–
after
seeing
the
problem
and
finding
an
approach
–
is
to
measure
the
impact
of
your
work
and
share
your
successes
and
failures
so
that
others
learn
from
your
efforts.
在发现问题和找到解决方法之后，就是最后一步
——
评估工作结果，将你的成功经验或者失败经验传播出去，这样其他人就可以从你的努力中有所收获。
You
have
to
have
the
statistics,of
course.
You
have
to
be
able
to
show
that
a
program
is
vaccinating
millions
more
children.
You
have
to
be
able
to
show
a
decline
in
the
number
of
children
dying
from
these
diseases.
This
is
essential
not
just
to
improve
the
program,but
also
to
help
draw
more
investment
from
business
and
government.
当然，你必须有一些统计数字。你必须让他人知道，你的项目为几百万儿童新接种了疫苗。你也必须让他人知道，儿童死亡人数下降了多少。这些都是很关键的，不仅有利于改善项目效果，也有利于从商界和政府得到更多的帮助。
But
if
you
want
to
inspire
people
to
participate,you
have
to
show
more
than
numbers;
you
have
to
convey
the
human
impact
of
the
work
–
so
people
can
feel
what
saving
a
life
means
to
the
families
affected.
但是，这些还不够，如果你想激励其他人参加你的项目，你就必须拿出更多的统计数字；你必须展示你的项目的人性因素，这样其他人就会感到拯救一个生命，对那些处在困境中的家庭到底意味着什么。
I
remember
going
to
Davos
some
years
back
and
sitting
on
a
global
health
panel
that
was
discussing
ways
to
save
millions
of
lives.
Millions!
Think
of
the
thrill
of
saving
just
one
person’s
life
–
then
multiply
that
by
millions.
…
Yet
this
was
the
most
boring
panel
I’ve
ever
been
on
–
ever.
So
boring
even
I
couldn’t
bear
it.
几年前，我去瑞士达沃斯旁听一个全球健康问题论坛，会议的内容有关于如何拯救几百万条生命。天哪，是几百万！想一想吧，拯救一个人的生命已经让人何等激动，现在你要把这种激动再乘上几百万倍……
但是，不幸的是，这是我参加过的最最乏味的论坛，乏味到我无法强迫自己听下去。
What
made
that
experience
especially
striking
was
that
I
had
just
come
from
an
event
where
we
were
introducing
version
13
of
some
piece
of
software,and
we
had
people
jumping
and
shouting
with
excitement.
I
love
getting
people
excited
about
software
–
but
why
can’t
we
generate
even
more
excitement
for
saving
lives?
那次经历之所以让我难忘，是因为之前我们刚刚发布了一个软件的第
13
个版本，我们让观众激动得跳了起来，喊出了声。我喜欢人们因为软件而感到激动，那么我们为什么不能够让人们因为能够拯救生命而感到更加激动呢？
You
can’t
get
people
excited
unless
you
can
help
them
see
and
feel
the
impact.
And
how
you
do
that
–
is
a
complex
question.
除非你能够让人们看到或者感受到行动的影响力，否则你无法让人们激动。如何做到这一点，并不是一件简单的事。
[NextPage]
Still,I’m
optimistic.
Yes,inequity
has
been
with
us
forever,but
the
new
tools
we
have
to
cut
through
complexity
have
not
been
with
us
forever.
They
are
new
–
they
can
help
us
make
the
most
of
our
caring
–
and
that’s
why
the
future
can
be
different
from
the
past.
同前面一样，在这个问题上，我依然是乐观的。不错，人类的不平等有史以来一直存在，但是那些能够化繁为简的新工具，却是最近才出现的。这些新工具可以帮助我们，将人类的同情心发挥最大的作用，这就是为什么将来同过去是不一样的。
The
defining
and
ongoing
innovations
of
this
age
–
biotechnology,the
computer,the
Internet
–
give
us
a
chance
we’ve
never
had
before
to
end
extreme
poverty
and
end
death
from
preventable
disease.
这个时代无时无刻不在涌现出新的革新
——
生物技术，计算机，互联网
——
它们给了我们一个从未有过的机会，去终结那些极端的贫穷和非恶性疾病的死亡。
Sixty
years
ago,George
Marshall
came
to
this
commencement
and
announced
a
plan
to
assist
the
nations
of
post-war
urope.
He
said:
I
think
one
difficulty
is
that
the
problem
is
one
of
such
enormous
complexity
that
the
very
mass
of
facts
presented
to
the
public
by
press
and
radio
make
it
exceedingly
difficult
for
the
man
in
the
street
to
reach
a
clear
appraisement
of
the
situation.
It
is
virtually
impossible
at
this
distance
to
grasp
at
all
the
real
significance
of
the
situation.
六十年前，乔治
.
马歇尔也是在这个地方的毕业典礼上，宣布了一个计划，帮助那些欧洲国家的战后建设。他说：
“我认为，困难的一点是这个问题太复杂，报纸和电台向公众源源不断地提供各种事实，使得大街上的普通人极端难于清晰地判断形势。事实上，经过层层传播，想要真正地把握形势，是根本不可能的。”
Thirty
years
after
Marshall
made
his
address,as
my
class
graduated
without
me,technology
was
emerging
that
would
make
the
world
smaller,more
open,more
visible,less
distant.
马歇尔发表这个演讲之后的三十年，我那一届学生毕业，当然我不在其中。那时，新技术刚刚开始萌芽，它们将使得这个世界变得更小、更开放、更容易看到、距离更近。
The
emergence
of
low-cost
personal
computers
gave
rise
to
a
powerful
network
that
has
transformed
opportunities
for
learning
and
communicating.
低成本的个人电脑的出现，使得一个强大的互联网有机会诞生，它为学习和交流提供了巨大的机会。
The
magical
thing
about
this
network
is
not
just
that
it
collapses
distance
and
makes
everyone
your
neighbor.
It
also
dramatically
increases
the
number
of
brilliant
minds
we
can
have
working
together
on
the
same
problem
–
and
that
scales
up
the
rate
of
innovation
to
a
staggering
degree.
网络的神奇之处，不仅仅是它缩短了物理距离，使得天涯若比邻。它还极大地增加了怀有共同想法的人们聚集在一起的机会，我们可以为了解决同一个问题，一起共同工作。这就大大加快了革新的进程，发展速度简直快得让人震惊。
At
the
same
time,for
every
person
in
the
world
who
has
access
to
this
technology,five
people
don’t.
That
means
many
creative
minds
are
left
out
of
this
discussion
--
smart
people
with
practical
intelligence
and
relevant
experience
who
don’t
have
the
technology
to
hone
their
talents
or
contribute
their
ideas
to
the
world.
与此同时，世界上有条件上网的人，只是全部人口的六分之一。这意味着，还有许多具有创造性的人们，没有加入到我们的讨论中来。那些有着实际的操作经验和相关经历的聪明人，却没有技术来帮助他们，将他们的天赋或者想法与全世界分享。
[NextPage]
We
need
as
many
people
as
possible
to
have
access
to
this
technology,because
these
advances
are
triggering
a
revolution
in
what
human
beings
can
do
for
one
another.
They
are
making
it
possible
not
just
for
national
governments,but
for
universities,corporations,smaller
organizations,and
even
individuals
to
see
problems,see
approaches,and
measure
the
impact
of
their
efforts
to
address
the
hunger,poverty,and
desperation
George
Marshall
spoke
of
60
years
ago.lunwen001.cn
provided
我们需要尽可能地让更多的人有机会使用新技术，因为这些新技术正在引发一场革命，人类将因此可以互相帮助。新技术正在创造一种可能，不仅是政府，还包括大学、公司、小机构、甚至个人，能够发现问题所在、能够找到解决办法、能够评估他们努力的效果，去改变那些马歇尔六十年前就说到过的问题
——
饥饿、贫
穷和绝望。
Members
of
the
Harvard
Family:
Here
in
the
Yard
is
one
of
the
great
collections
of
intellectual
talent
in
the
world.
哈佛是一个大家庭。这个院子里在场的人们，是全世界最有智力的人类群体之一。
What
for?
我们可以做些什么？
There
is
no
question
that
the
faculty,the
alumni,the
students,and
the
benefactors
of
Harvard
have
used
their
power
to
improve
the
lives
of
people
here
and
around
the
world.
But
can
we
do
more?
Can
Harvard
dedicate
its
intellect
to
improving
the
lives
of
people
who
will
never
even
hear
its
name?
毫无疑问，哈佛的老师、校友、学生和资助者，已经用他们的能力改善了全世界各地人们的生活。但是，我们还能够再做什么呢？有没有可能，哈佛的人们可以将他们的智慧，用来帮助那些甚至从来没有听到过
“哈佛”
这个名字的人？
Let
me
make
a
request
of
the
deans
and
the
professors
–
the
intellectual
leaders
here
at
Harvard:
As
you
hire
new
faculty,award
tenure,review
curriculum,and
determine
degree
requirements,please
ask
yourselves:lunwen001.cn
provided
请允许我向各位院长和教授，提出一个请求
——
你们是哈佛的智力领袖，当你们雇用新的老师、授予终身教职、评估课程、决定学位颁发标准的时候，请问你们自己如下的问题：
Should
our
best
minds
be
dedicated
to
solving
our
biggest
problems?
我们最优秀的人才是否在致力于解决我们最大的问题？
Should
Harvard
encourage
its
faculty
to
take
on
the
world’s
worst
inequities?
Should
Harvard
students
learn
about
the
depth
of
global
poverty
…
the
prevalence
of
world
hunger
…
the
scarcity
of
clean
water
…the
girls
kept
out
of
school
…
the
children
who
die
from
diseases
we
can
cure?
哈佛是否鼓励她的老师去研究解决世界上最严重的不平等？哈佛的学生是否从全球那些极端的贫穷中学到了什么
……
世界性的饥荒
……
清洁的水资源的缺乏
……
无法上学的女童
……
死于非恶性疾病的儿童
……
哈佛的学生有没有从中学到东西？
Should
the
world’s
most
privileged
people
learn
about
the
lives
of
the
world’s
least
privileged?
那些世界上过着最优越生活的人们，有没有从那些最困难的人们身上学到东西？
These
are
not
rhetorical
questions
–
you
will
answer
with
your
policies.
这些问题并非语言上的修辞。你必须用自己的行动来回答它们。
[NextPage]
My
mother,who
was
filled
with
pride
the
day
I
was
admitted
here
–
never
stopped
pressing
me
to
do
more
for
others.
A
few
days
before
my
wedding,she
hosted
a
bridal
event,at
which
she
read
aloud
a
letter
about
marriage
that
she
had
written
to
Melinda.
My
mother
was
very
ill
with
cancer
at
the
time,but
she
saw
one
more
opportunity
to
deliver
her
message,and
at
the
close
of
the
letter
she
said:
From
those
to
whom
much
is
given,much
is
expected.lunwen001.cn
provided
我的母亲在我被哈佛大学录取的那一天，曾经感到非常骄傲。她从没有停止督促我，去为他人做更多的事情。在我结婚的前几天，她主持了一个新娘进我家的仪式。在这个仪式上，她高声朗读了一封关于婚姻的信，这是她写给
Melinda
的。那时，我的母亲已经因为癌症病入膏肓，但是她还是认为这是又一个传播她
的信念的机会。在那封信的结尾，她写道：
“对于那些接受了许多帮助的人们，他们还在期待更多的帮助。”
When
you
consider
what
those
of
us
here
in
this
Yard
have
been
given
–
in
talent,privilege,and
opportunity
–
there
is
almost
no
limit
to
what
the
world
has
a
right
to
expect
from
us.
想一想吧，我们在这个院子里的这些人，被给予过什么
——
天赋、特权、机遇
——
那么可以这样说，全世界的人们几乎有无限的权力，期待我们做出贡献。
In
line
with
the
promise
of
this
age,I
want
to
exhort
each
of
the
graduates
here
to
take
on
an
issue
–
a
complex
problem,a
deep
inequity,and
become
a
specialist
on
it.
If
you
make
it
the
focus
of
your
career,that
would
be
henomenal.
But
you
don’t
have
to
do
that
to
make
an
impact.
For
a
few
hours
every
week,you
can
use
the
growing
power
of
the
Internet
to
get
informed,find
others
with
the
same
interests,see
the
barriers,and
find
ways
to
cut
through
them.lunwen001.cn
provided
同这个时代的期望一样，我也要向今天各位毕业的同学提出一个忠告：你们要选择一个问题，一个复杂的问题，一个有关于人类深刻的不平等的问题，然后你们要变成这个问题的专家。如果你们能够使得这个问题成为你们职业的核心，那么你们就会非常杰出。但是，你们不必一定要去做那些大事。每个星期只用几个小时，你就可以通过互联网得到信息，找到志同道合的朋友，发现困难所在，找到解决它们的途径。
Don’t
let
complexity
stop
you.
Be
activists.
Take
on
the
big
inequities.
It
will
be
one
of
the
great
experiences
of
your
lives.
不要让这个世界的复杂性阻碍你前进。要成为一个行动主义者。将解决人类的不平等视为己任。它将成为你生命中最重要的经历之一。
You
graduates
are
coming
of
age
in
an
amazing
time.
As
you
leave
Harvard,you
have
technology
that
members
of
my
class
never
had.
You
have
awareness
of
global
inequity,which
we
did
not
have.
And
with
that
awareness,you
likely
also
have
an
informed
conscience
that
will
torment
you
if
you
abandon
these
people
whose
lives
you
could
change
with
very
little
effort.
You
have
more
than
we
had;
you
must
start
sooner,and
carry
on
longer.
在座的各位毕业的同学，你们所处的时代是一个神奇的时代。当你们离开哈佛的时候，你们拥有的技术，是我们那一届学生所没有的。你们已经了解到了世界上的不平等，我们那时还不知道这些。有了这样的了解之后，要是你再弃那些你可以帮助的人们于不顾，就将受到良心的谴责，只需一点小小的努力，你就可以改变那些人们的生活。你们比我们拥有更大的能力；你们必须尽早开始，尽可能长时期坚持下去。
Knowing
what
you
know,how
could
you
not?
知道了你们所知道的一切，你们怎么可能不采取行动呢？
And
I
hope
you
will
come
back
here
to
Harvard
30
years
from
now
and
reflect
on
what
you
have
done
with
your
talent
and
your
energy.
I
hope
you
will
judge
yourselves
not
on
your
professional
accomplishments
alone,but
also
on
how
well
you
have
addressed
the
world’s
deepest
inequities
…
on
how
well
you
treated
people
a
world
away
who
have
nothing
in
common
with
you
but
their
humanity.
我希望，
30
年后你们还会再回到哈佛，想起你们用自己的天赋和能力所做出的一切。我希望，在那个时候，你们用来评价自己的标准，不仅仅是你们的专业成就，而包括你们为改变这个世界深刻的不平等所做出的努力，以及你们如何善待那些远隔千山万水、与你们毫不涉及的人们，你们与他们唯一的共同点就是同为人类。
Good
luck.
最后，祝各位同学好运。