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高考英语一轮复习总结测试Unit 5 The power of nature 人教版选修

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高考英语一轮复习总结测试Unit 5 The power of nature 人教版选修 本文关键词:选修,人教版,高考英语,复习,测试

高考英语一轮复习总结测试Unit 5 The power of nature 人教版选修 本文简介:2015届高考英语一轮复习总结测试Unit5Thepowerofnature人教版选修6一、单项填空(本大题共5小题,共10分)Ihaven’tgotanypaper_____.A.towriteB.forwritingC.towriteinD.towriteon(2014·德州模拟)You’dbe

高考英语一轮复习总结测试Unit 5 The power of nature 人教版选修 本文内容:

2015届高考英语一轮复习总结测试Unit

5

The

power

of

nature

人教版选修6

、单项填空(本大题共5小题,共10分)

I

haven’t

got

any

paper

_____.

A.

to

write

B.

for

writing

C.

to

write

in

D.

to

write

on

(2014·德州模拟)You’d

better

take

into

account

your

own________and

weaknesses

before

choosing

a

major.

A.strengths

B.benefits

C.dislikes

D.favorites

It’s

what

he

did

_________

what

he

said

that

moved

us.

A.

except

for

B.

but

so

C.

instead

D.

rather

than

(2014届·湖南长沙四校二模)—Is

the

letter

from

your

mother?

—Yes.But

she

________the

letter

herself,because

she

doesn’t

even

know

one

word.

A.needn’t

have

written

B.can’t

have

written

C.might

not

have

written

D.should

not

have

written

2015届浙江省绍兴一中高三上学期回头考试(201409)】30.

I

got

to

the

office

earlier

that

day,________

the

7:30

train

from

Paddington.

A.

caught

B.

to

have

caught

C.

to

catch

D.

having

caught

、完形填空(本大题共1小题,共30分)

Recently,I

stopped

by

a

convenience

store

to

get

a

news

paper

and

a

bottle

of

drink.

The

young

woman

at

the

check-out

counter

said,“That’ll

be

five

dollars

1

please.”

She

then

2

down

at

the

paper

I

was

3

and

said,“I’m

sick

and

4

all

this

negative

(消极的)

stuff

on

the

front

5

.

I

want

to

read

some

6

news

for

a

change.”

She

then

said,“In

fact,I

think

someone

should

just

7

a

Good

News

newspaper—a

paper

with

wonderful,inspirational

8

about

people

overcoming

difficulty

and

doing

good

things

for

9

.

I’d

buy

one

every

day!”

She

then

10

me

for

coming

in

and

said,“Maybe

we’ll

get

some

good

news,”

and

she

laughed.

She

made

my

day.

The

following

day

after

my

business

appointments,I

11

the

same

store

again

to

12

bottled

water

and

a

piece

of

newspaper,but

a

13

young

lady

was

behind

the

counter.

As

I

checked

out

I

said,“Good

afternoon”

and

handed

her

my

14

.

She

said

nothing—not

a

word,not

a

smile

or

not

a

gesture.

She

just

handed

me

my

change

and

15

a

negative

tone

ordered.

.

.

“Next!”

It

hit

me

right

between

the

eyes:

Two

people,the

same

age;

16

made

me

feel

great,and

the

other,well,made

me

feel

that

I

had

inconvenienced

her

by

17

.

Every

morning,you

should

ask

18

this

important

question,“Who

do

I

want

to

be

today?

‘The

Grouch

(不高兴的人)

’or

‘The

Good

News

Girl’?”

Your

answer

will

do

great

good

to

19

the

joy

and

happiness

that

you

will

experience

in

your

20

.

1.

A.

at

allB.

in

allC.

for

allD.

all

for

2.

A.

staredB.

glaredC.

glancedD.

noticed

3.

A.

carryingB.

takingC.

readingD.

buying

4.

A.

tired

ofB.

interested

in

C.

concerned

aboutD.

fond

of

5.

A.

columnsB.

editionsC.

pagesD.

parts

6.

A.

badB.

goodC.

latestD.

interesting

7.

A.

collectB.

printC.

sellD.

publish

8.

A.

storiesB.

ideasC.

conceptsD.

experiences

9.

A.

rewardsB.

somethingC.

othersD.

nothing

10.

A.

praisedB.

thankedC.

appreciatedD.

criticized

11.

A.

dropped

outB.

dropped

off

C.

dropped

onD.

dropped

by

12.

A.

pick

upB.

take

upC.

bring

upD.

carry

up

13.

A.

beautifulB.

fantasticC.

differentD.

stupid

14.

A.

cardB.

moneyC.

dollarD.

change

15.

A.

withB.

atC.

throughD.

in

16.

A.

oneB.

whoC.

whatD.

it

17.

A.

moving

upB.

going

awayC.

showing

upD.

showing

off

18.

A.

herB.

themC.

yourselfD.

themselves

19.

A.

creatingB.

determining

C.

enjoyingD.

guaranteeing

20.

A.

homeB.

work

C.

studyD.

life

、阅读理解(本大题共3小题,共30分)

A

One

day

a

few

years

ago,a

very

funny

thing

happened

to

a

neighbour

of

mine.

He

is

a

teacher

at

one

of

London

s

big

medical

schools.

He

had

finished

his

teaching

for

the

summer

term

and

was

at

the

airport

on

his

way

to

Russia

to

give

a

lecture.

He

had

put

a

few

clothes

and

his

lecture

notes

in

his

shoulder

bag,but

he

had

put

Rupert,the

skeleton(人体骨架)

to

be

used

in

his

lecture,in

a

large

brown

suitcase

(箱子).

At

the

airport

desk,he

suddenly

thought

that

he

had

forgoten

to

buy

a

newspaper.

He

left

his

suitcase

near

the

desk

and

went

over

to

the

shop.

When

he

got

back

he

discovered

that

someone

had

taken

his

suitcase

by

mistake.

He

often

wonders

what

they

said

when

they

got

home

and

found

Rupert.

l.

Who

wrote

the

story?

A.Rupert

s

teacher.

B.The

neighbour

s

teacher.

C.A

medical

school

teacher.

D.The

teacher

s

neighbour.

2.

Why

did

the

teacher

put

a

skeleton

in

his

suitcase?

A.

He

needed

it

for

the

summer

term

in

London.

B.

He

needed

it

for

the

lecture

he

was

going

to

give.

C.

He

wanted

to

take

it

to

Russia

for

medical

research.

D.

He

wanted

to

take

it

home

as

he

had

finished

his

teaching.

3.

What

happened

at

the

airport?

A.

The

skeleton

went

missing.

B.

The

skeleton

was

stolen.

C.

The

teacher

forgot

his

suitcase.

D.

The

teacher

took

the

wrong

suitcase.

4.

Which

of

the

following

best

tells

the

teacher

s

feeling

about

the

incident?

A.

He

is

very

angry.

B.

He

think

it

rather

funny

C.

He

feels

helpless

without

Rupert.

D.

He

feels

good

without

Rupert.

5.

Which

of

the

following

might

have

happened

afterwards?

A.

The

teacher

got

back

the

suitcase

but

not

Rupert.

B.

The

teacher

got

back

neither

the

suitcase

nor

Rupert.

C.

The

teacher

got

back

Rupert

but

not

the

suitcase.

D.

The

teacher

got

back

both

the

suitcase

and

Rupert.

B

(2014江苏卷)

A

Never

before

had

a

kitchen

so

much

of

a

History

It

tells

of

Freedom,Success,and

of

the

Architecture

of

big

American

cities.

Because

that

is

where

it

started:

in

the

second

half

of

the

19th

century!

Welcome

to

a

new

Era

of

Kitchen

Interior

Design

Back

then,a

Generation

of

successful

American

Entrepreneurs

dreamt

of

a

new

style

of

Architecture

to

express

their

personal

wealth.

This

dream

was

realized

by

young

architects

such

as

Daniel

Burnham

and

Stanford

White.

They

all

had

studied

at

the

Ecole

des

Beaux-Arts

in

Paris.

And

they

created

a

new

style

for

Architecture

and

Interior

Design,named

after

the

famous

French

Art

Institute:

Beaux

Arts.

SieMatic

BcauxArts

Breaks

and

Creates

In

fact

it

was

not

a

new

style

at

all,but

a

composition

of

styles

from

different

periods

and

cultures.

Many

world-famous

structures

such

as

the

Chicago

Art

Institute

and

the

Statue

of

Liberty

account

for

it.

But

what

does

that

have

to

do

with

your

kitchen?

Just

as

much

as

you

want

it

to.

Because

in

the

same

way

that

the

anti-conventional

architects

back

then

took

the

freedom

to

combine

elements

from

different

historical

eras,today,you

too

can

break

the

conventional

rules

of

style

and

create

something

new:

your

own

personal

composition

of

your

kitchen.

For

that,SieMatic

BeauxArts

offers

unique

opportunities:

A

broad

range

of

seemingly

conflicting

features

that

you

combine

to

a

harmonious

design

of

your

own.

You

can

choose

from

menu

of

various

forms,appealing

colors,and

precious

materials,to

create

an

environment

that

is

much

more

than

just

a

kitchen:

a

reflection

of

your

personality.

56.Why

did

the

BeauxArts

style

attract

American

entrepreneurs?

A.

It

helped

display

their

money

status.

B.

It

was

created

by

famous

architects.

C.

It

was

named

after

a

famous

institute.

D.

It

represented

the

19th

century

urban

culture.

57.What

is

unique

of

SieMatic

BeauxArts?

A.Its

designs

are

anti-conventional.

B.Its

designs

come

from

famous

structures.

C.Its

customers

can

enjoy

their

own

composition.

D.Its

customers

can

choose

from

various

new

styles.

C

With

the

development

of

modern,fight

weight

materials

and

computer

technology,the

promise

of

flying

cars

may

be

about

to

be

fulfilled.

Many

inventors

and

companies

are

working

on

their

versions

of

flying

cars

that

they

hope

will

revolutionize

personal

travel.

The

front

runner

in

the

race

to

build

the

first

workable

flying

car

is

Paul

Moiler,who

has

spent

forty

years

building

and

testing

personal

aircraft.

His

current

version

of

flying

car

is

the

Skycar,the

M400,which

reaches

400

mph

and

has

a

range

of

750

miles.

Its

fuel

mileage

will

match

that

of

a

medium-sized

car,getting

20

miles

to

one

gallon

of

gasoline.

In

accidents,it

would

use

parachutes

and

both

interior

and

exterior

air

bags

to

ensure

a

soft

landing.

So

far

there

is

only

one

copy

of

the

M400

for

personal

use.

Moiler

predicts

a

commercial

version

of

the

Skycar

will

be

available

in

ten

or

fifteen

years.

Macro

Industries

of

Huntsville,Alabama

is

developing

a

flying

car

called

the

Skyrider

X2-R.

The

X2-R

has

a

maximum

speed

of

355

mph

with

a

range

of

800

miles.

Macro

Claims

that

the

production

version

of

their

flying

car

will

be

available

in

about

five

years.

The

CarterCopter,being

developed

by

Carter

Aviation

Technologies,can

fly

at

five

hundred

miles

an

hour.

Company

founder,Jay

Carter,does

not

consider

creating

a

production

model

in

the

near

future.

He

does

suggest,however,that

when

the

first

production

model

is

available,it

can

take

a

handful

of

passengers

between

nearby

cities,beating

commercial

jets

(喷气式飞机)

because

the

trip

would

be

between

downtown

heliports,removing

the

need

to

go

to

distant

airports.

All

of

these

flying

cars

Will

never

get

off

the

ground

unless

there

is

a

tracking

system

to

control

them

while

they

are

in

flight.

Fortunately,NASA

has

developed

the

Highway

in

the

Sky.

Using

satellites

and

global

positioning

system,it

will

provide

a

heads-up

display

for

a

pilot.

It

will

be

much

like

a

video

game,creating

a

kind

of

virtual

box

in

which

the

pilot

has

to

keep

his

vehicle

from

crashing

into

other

flying

cars.

60.

From

the

passage,we

can

learn

that

________.

A.

Paul

Moiler

is

the

first

to

experiment

on

flying

cars

B.

the

Skycar

consumes

less

fuel

than

a

medium-sized

car

C.

the

Skycar

is

equipped

with

effective

protective

equipment

D.

the

Skycar

is

the

fastest

flying

car

ever

invented

61.

So

far,if

people

want

to

experience

flying

cars,they

can

only

turn

to

________.

A.

the

Skycar,the

M400

B.

the

Skyrider

X2-R

C.

the

CarterCopter

D.

Highway

in

the

Sky

62.

What

does

Jay

Carter

think

of

the

present

commercial

jets?

A.

They

can

t

carry

as

many

passengers

as

flying

cars.

B.

They

are

not

suitable

for

short-distance

flights.

C.

Passengers

will

be

charged

too

much

for

taking

them.

D.

They

sometimes

waste

time

and

cause

the

trouble

of

traveling

long

distance.

63.

What

is

the

Highway

in

the

Sky?

A.

It

is

a

new

type

of

flying

car.

B.

It

is

a

kind

of

video

game.

C.

It

is

a

global

positioning

system.

D.

It

is

a

tracking

system.

、书面表达(本大题共1小题,共30分)

每位同学都希望自己具有良好的人际关系,成为班级中受欢迎的人。请你根据下表所提供的信息,写一篇题为“Being

a

Popular

Student”的英语短文,参加学校网站英语论坛的讨论。

受人欢迎的

个性品质

对待集体

热心班级活动,具有团队精神,工作负责,……

对待他人

尊重、关心他人,富有同情心,……

对待自己

(请考生按照自己的实际拟定内容,列举至少两点)……

注意:1.对所给要点,逐一陈述,适当发挥,不要简单翻译。

2.词数120左右。开头已经写好,不计入总词数。

Being

a

Popular

Student

We

all

hope

to

be

popular

with

our

classmates

and

teachers.

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

、单项填空

【译文】

我没有写东西的纸了。

【答案及简析】

D。

在I

have

sth.

to

do句型中不定式得是及物动词。

解析:

句意为:在选专业之前你最好考虑你的优缺点。strength强项,优势,符合句意。

答案:

A

【译文】

是我们感动的是他所做的事而不是他所说的话。

【答案及简析】

D。

考查强调句型。rather

than“而不是“。

解析:

考查情态动词。句意为:——这封信是你母亲写来的吧?——是的。但这封信不可能是她自己写的,因为她一个字也不认识。根据because引导的原因状语从句可知,此处应用can’t

have

done表示对过去发生的事很有把握的否定推测。

答案:

B

【答案】【知识点】A9

非谓语动词

【答案解析】D。解析:

catch发生在got之前,应该用完成式,having

caught表示原因,相当于Because引导的原因状语从句。句意:那天我早到了办公室,(因为)赶上了7:30那趟来自帕丁顿的火车。

、完形填空

参考答案44.BCDAC

BDACB

DACBD

ACCBD

、阅读理解

1.【分析】这是一道细节题。文中.a

teacher

of

mine.

He

is

a

teacher

at

one

of

London

s

big

medical

schools.一句,提示考生该题答案为D。

2.【分析】这是一道细节题。文中第二段有the

skeleton

to

be

used

in

his

lecture可以判定该题最佳答案为B。

3.【分析】这又是一道细节题。文中说这位教师的箱子是被错拿了,故B不正确,forget一词是在脑海的记忆里忘了,而这位老师是把箱子left

near

the

desk.故C也不正确。正确答案是A。

4.【分析】这是一道推理题。从文中的He

often

wonders

what

they

sald…一句。可以推断作者丢了箱子之后的想法,故B为最佳答案。

5.【分析】这属于一道推理题。B为该题最佳答案。文中He

often

wonders…一句的时态,告诉人们这位老师经常纳闷捡到箱子的人会怎么想的。

【考点】考察广告类阅读

56.

【答案】A

【试题解析】推理题。根据Back

then,a

Generation

of

successful

American

Entrepreneurs

dreamt

of

a

new

style

of

Architecture

to

express

their

personal

wealth可知这种风格能够表现他们的私人财富,也就是说能够显示他们有钱。故A正确。

57.

【答案】C

【试题解析】推理题。根据you

too

can

break

the

conventional

rules

of

style

and

create

something

new:

your

own

personal

composition

of

your

kitchen.

For

that,SieMatic

BeauxArts

offers

unique

opportunities:

A

broad

range

of

seemingly

conflicting

features

that

you

combine

to

a

harmonious

design

of

your

own.可知SieMatic

BeauxArts让顾客有机会显示自己的构思。故C正确。

60.C

(解析:考查细节理解。根据第二段第一句可知A项错误;依据第二段第三句可知B项错误;对比文中提到的flying

car的速度,可知D项错误;第二段第四句证明c项正确。)

61.A(解析:根据第二段“so

far

there

is

only

one

copy

of

the

M400

for

personal

use.”可以知道M400已经生产出来,供个人使用,因此现在人们能够体验的就是M400。)

62.D

63.D(解析:考查细节理解。根据最后一段前两句,我们知道the

Highway

in

the

sky是一种电脑跟踪系统,可以让飞行汽车的驾驶员判断方向,又能躲避与其他的车辆相撞。)

、书面表达

【参考范本】One

possible

version:

Being

a

Popular

Student

We

all

hope

to

be

popular

with

our

classmates

and

teachers.To

enjoy

popularity.we

are

supposed

to

regard

the

class

as

our

big

family

and

even

offer

to

sacrifice

our

personal

interests

whenever

necessary.While

taking

an

active

part

in

all

our

class

activities,we

should

work

responsibly

to

build

up

a

good

reputation

as

a

team.

To

be

students

with

high

popularity,we

are

to

show

respect,concern

and

sympathy

for

others.And

we

should

never

hesitate

to

lend

a

hand

to

those

in

need.

To

be

a

popular

student.we

ought

to

be

strict

with

ourselves

in

everything

we

do

at

school

and

make

every

effort

to

achieve

all-round

development,being

good

not

only

at

our

lessons

but

also

at

sports,music,paintin9,social

services

and

so

on.In

time

ofssuccess

we

remain

modest,while

in

time

of

difficulty

we

keep

strong—minded.

All

in

all,popularity

among

classmates

and

teachers

comes

naturally

to

those

who

keep

improving

their

personal

qualities.

篇2:高考英语一轮复习总结测试Module 4 A Social Survey My Neighbourhood 外研版必修

高考英语一轮复习总结测试Module 4 A Social Survey My Neighbourhood 外研版必修 本文关键词:必修,高考英语,复习,测试,Social

高考英语一轮复习总结测试Module 4 A Social Survey My Neighbourhood 外研版必修 本文简介:2015届高考英语一轮复习总结测试Module4ASocialSurveyMyNeighbourhood外研版必修1一、单项填空(本大题共5小题,共10分)2015届江西省南昌二中高三上学期第一次考试(201408)】64.Hehasagreatinterestintennisand______it

高考英语一轮复习总结测试Module 4 A Social Survey My Neighbourhood 外研版必修 本文内容:

2015届高考英语一轮复习总结测试Module

4

A

Social

Survey

My

Neighbourhood

外研版必修1

、单项填空(本大题共5小题,共10分)

2015届江西省南昌二中高三上学期第一次考试(201408)】64.

He

has

a

great

interest

in

tennis

and

______

it

twice

a

week

over

the

past

year.

A.

plays

B.

played

C.

had

played

D.

has

been

playing

It’s

extremely

dangerous

for

the

drivers

to

_______

speed

as

the

traffic

lights

are

changing.

A.pull

upB.put

upC.rise

upD.pick

up

Yesterday

I

had

a

word

with

the

CEO

of

the

company,___

who

used

to

teach

at

Beijing

University.

A.one

B.the

one

C.that

D.it

【2013湖北】26.

In

much

of

the

animal

world,night

is

the

time

______

for

sleep—pure

and

simple.

A.

set

aside

B.

set

down

C.

set

off

D.

set

up

(2014届·浙江省第一次五校联考,28)China

s

reform

and

opening

has

been

going

on

for

________

is

like

about

30

years

now

and

it

s

really

quite

remarkable.

A.that

B.which

C.what

D.it

、完形填空(本大题共1小题,共30分)

“I

couldn’t

survive

without

music,”

says

fifteen-year-old

Steve.

In

the

morning,Steve

wakes

up

1

his

favorite

radio

station.

He

listens

to

rock

on

the

radio

while

he

eats

2

.

He

puts

on

his

personal

stereo

before

he

leaves

the

house

and

listens

to

cassettes

on

the

bus

to

3

.

“Last

week

I

put

my

headphones

on

in

the

maths

4,”

admits

Steve.

“The

teacher

was

really

5

.

She

took

my

headphones

away

and

I

couldn’t

use

them

for

a

week.

It

was

6

.”

At

home

Steve

does

his

homework

to

music—loud

music.

“My

mother

7

shouts‘turn

it

down!

’”says

Steve.

“She

can’t

8

how

I

can

work

9

music

on,but

music

10

me

to

concentrate.”

Steve

would

like

to

make

music

himself.

“I’m

learning

to

play

the

guitar.

11,it

doesn’t

sound

too

good

at

the

12

.

But

I’m

going

to

keep

practising!”

For

13

like

Steve,music

is

a

very

important

part

of

14

.

Music

is

social;

it

brings

people

together

at

discos,parties

and

concerts.

Fast,15

music

is

full

of

energy;

it

helps

people

to

16

their

problems

and

have

17

.

Music

talks

about

love,freedom

and

imagination.

There

are

always

new

songs

and

new

styles.

18

Steve’s

mother

agrees

that

music

brings

some

problems.

“Steve

is

a

sensible

boy,”

she

says.

“I

don’t

think

he

would

ever

take

drugs

hearing

rock.

But

I

19

worry

about

his

hearing

with

all

that

loud

music.

And

it

20

me

crazy!”

1.

A.

fromB.

forC.

withD.

to

2.

A.

breakfastB.

lunchC.

supperD.

dinner

3.

A.

workB.

officeC.

schoolD.

party

4.

A.

workshopB.

class

C.

dormitoryD.

schoolroom

5.

A.

excitedB.

worriedC.

angryD.

tired

6.

A.

terribleB.

hopelessC.

poorD.

surprising

7.

A.

usuallyB.

seldomC.

frequentlyD.

always

8.

A.

expectB.

bearC.

understandD.

believe

9.

A.

whileB.

atC.

forD.

with

10.

A.

helpsB.

leadsC.

causesD.

force

11.

A.

UnluckilyB.

Actually

C.

DisappointinglyD.

Necessarily

12.

A.

firstB.

lastC.

momentD.

time

13.

A.

boysB.

girls

C.

friendsD.

teenagers

14.

A.

studyB.

lifeC.

familyD.

school

15.

A.

soundB.

noisyC.

lightD.

loud

16.

A.

forgetB.

settleC.

removeD.

leave

17.

A.

smilesB.

futureC.

funD.

sense

18.

A.

AndB.

However

C.

MeanwhileD.

But

19.

A.

canB.

doC.

willD.

should

20.

A.

causesB.

resultsC.

drivesD.

leaves

、阅读理解(本大题共2小题,共20分)

A

B

Heroes

of

Our

Time

A

good

heart

Dikembe

Mutombo

grew

up

in

Africa

among

great

poverty

and

disease.

He

came

to

Georgetown

University

on

a

scholarship(奖学金)

to

study

medicine—but

Coach(教练)

John

Thompson

got

a

look

at

Dikembe

and

had

a

different

idea.

Dikembe

became

a

star

in

the

NBA,and

a

citizen

of

the

United

States.

But

he

never

forgot

the

land

of

his

birth,or

the

duty

to

share

his

fortune

with

others.

He

built

a

new

hospital

in

his

old

hometown

in

the

Congo.

Af

friend

has

said

of

this

good-hearted

man:

“Mutombo

believes

that

God

has

given

him

this

chance

to

do

great

things.”

Success

and

kindness

After

her

daughter

was

born,Julie

Aigner-Clark

searched

for

ways

to

share

her

love

of

music

and

art

with

her

child.

So

she

borrowed

some

equipment,and

began

filming

children’s

videos(录像)

in

her

own

house.

The

Baby

Einstein

Company

was

born,and

in

just

five

years

her

business

grew

to

more

than

$20

million

in

sales.

And

she

is

using

her

success

to

help

others—producing

child

safety

videos

with

John

Walsh

of

the

National

Center

for

Missing

and

Exploited

Children.

Julie

says

of

her

new

program:

“I

believe

it’s

the

most

important

thing

that

I

have

ever

done.

I

believe

that

children

have

the

right

to

live

in

a

world

that

is

safe.”

Bravery

and

courage

A

few

weeks

ago,Wesley

Autrey

was

waiting

at

a

Harlem

subway

station

with

his

two

little

girls

when

he

saw

a

man

fall

into

the

path

of

a

train.

With

seconds

to

act,Wesley

jumped

onto

the

tracks,pulled

the

man

into

the

space

between

the

rails(铁轨),and

held

him

as

the

train

passed

right

above

their

heads.

He

insists

he’s

not

a

hero.

He

says:

“We

have

got

to

show

each

other

some

love.”

60.

What

was

Mutombo

praised

for?

A.

Being

a

star

in

the

NBA.B.

Being

a

student

of

medicine.

C.

His

work

in

the

church.D.

His

willingness

to

help

the

needy.

61.

Mutombo

believes

that

building

the

new

hospital

is

______.

A.

helpful

to

his

personal

development

B.

something

he

should

do

for

his

homeland

C.

a

chance

for

his

friends

to

share

his

money

D.

a

way

of

showing

his

respect

to

the

NBA

62.

What

did

the

Baby

Einstein

Company

do

at

its

beginning?

A.

Produce

safety

equipment

for

children.

B.

Make

videos

to

help

protect

children.

C.

Sell

children’s

music

and

artwork.

D.

Look

for

missing

and

exploited

children.

63.

Why

was

Wesley

Autrey

praised

as

a

hero?

A.

He

helped

a

man

get

across

the

rails.

B.

He

stopped

a

man

from

destroying

the

rails.

C.

He

protected

two

little

girls

from

getting

hurt.

D.

He

saved

a

person

without

considering

his

own

safety.

B

One

of

the

strongest

arguments

for

the

raising

of

the

school

leaving

age(ROSLA)has

been

that

it

will

bring

us

some

way

nearer

to

“equality

of

opportunity”.

Many

people

like

to

think

of

our

present

system

of

schooling

as

providing

plenty

of

steps

up

the

ladder

of

success

for

clever

children.

It

would

be

good

to

think

that

no

one

who

is

really

bright

can

be

missed

out

when

the

state

system

is

obviously

so

complete.

It

is

obvious,for

instance,that

many

children

from

less

wealthy

homes

reach

university

or

do

well

in

other

ways.

Unfortunately

we

now

have

plenty

of

proofs

that

many

children

of

every

level

of

ability

do

much

less

well

than

they

could.

For

instance,during

the

years

of

national

military

service

it

was

possible

to

test

the

intelligence

of

all

male

18-to-20-year-olds.

Half

of

those

soldiers

who

were

placed

in

the

two

highest

ability

groups

had

left

school

at

15.

It

has

also

been

shown

that

the

percentage

of

working

class

children

going

to

university

is

almost

the

same

now

as

it

was

in

1939.

One

study

of

5,000

children

from

birth

to

21

years

old

shows

that

up

to

half

the

bright

pupils

from

working

class

homes

left

school

when

they

reached

16

years

old.

Moreover,there

is

no

difference

in

intelligence

between

the

sexes,but

far

more

boys

than

girls

stay

in

education

after

16.

It

is

clear

from

this

and

many

other

proofs

that

many

children

are

still

leaving

school

too

early

to

benefit

from

the

prizes—money,social

respectability,and

interesting

jobs—which

higher

education

gives.

It

is

clear

too

that

the

reasons

why

such

children

leave

have

much

to

do

with

their

social

background.

Their

parents

often

need

the

extra

money

another

money-earner

would

bring

in;

they

don’t

value

education

for

itself

because

their

own

was

probably

dull

and

unhappy.

It

is

not

so

much

that

they

force

their

sons

and

daughters

to

leave

school,rather

that

they

tend

to

say,“it’s

up

to

you”.

36.

It

is

hoped

that

ROSLA

will

give

all

children

________.

A.

a

more

enjoyable

time

at

school

B.

the

same

chances

in

society

C.

the

right

to

a

better

school

D.

higher

scores

in

intelligence

tests

37.

People

would

like

to

think

that

________.

A.

equal

numbers

of

poor

and

wealthy

children

reach

university

B.

those

with

the

least

money

get

the

best

education

C.

intelligent

children

are

always

selected

by

the

system

D.

only

really

clever

children

do

well

38.Working

class

children

are

thought

to

be

at

a

disadvantage

because

________.

A.

many

of

the

clever

ones

leave

school

early

B.

fewer

go

to

university

than

ever

before

C.

more

than

half

leave

school

when

they

are

16

D.

fewer

boys

than

girls

stay

at

school

after

16

39.

Many

children

leave

school

early

because

________.

A.

their

social

background

makes

them

unhappy

B.

they

have

to

give

something

to

their

family’s

income

C.

their

school

is

a

dull

and

unhappy

place

D.

their

parents

don’t

allow

them

to

make

their

own

decisions

40.

This

article

shows

that

equal

opportunity

in

education

________.

A.

is

a

thing

of

the

past

B.

has

not

yet

been

achieved

C.

is

there

for

those

who

deserve

it

D.

has

greatly

improved

our

society

、信息匹配(本大题共1小题,共10分)

首先请阅读下列警方通报查找人员的信息:

A.

Name:

Ziggy

Nizott

Height:

1.82

m

Weight:

90kg

Age:

35

Details:

Long

history

of

violent

crime

including

robbery,assault

and

car

theft.

B.

Name:

Dennis

Tsokas

Height:

1.95

m

Weight:

70

kg

Age:

28

Details:

Well

known

to

local

police

having

been

arrested

several

times

for

pick-pocketing.

C.

Name:

Michael

Clarke

Height:

1.7

m

Weight:

65

kg

Age:

20

Details:

Arrested

as

a

youth

for

car

theft

and

the

selling

of

stolen

goods.

D.

Name:

Mark

Hughes

Height:

1.6

m

Weight:

60kg

Age:

29

Details:

Is

wanted

by

police

for

several

armed

robbery

of

grocery

stores,banks

and

post

offices.

E.

Name:

Herb

Elliot

Height:

1.6

m

Weight:

90kg

Age:

22

Details:

Recently

released

from

prison

where

he

served

2

years

for

selling

stolen

goods.

F.

Name:

William

Daniels

Height:

1.6

m

Weight:

90kg

Age:

32

Details:

Arrested

4

times

for

the

selling

of

drugs

and

car

theft.

以下是相关事件及人物的描述,请把描述与相关插图及提示性文字匹配起来。

1.

A

valuable

dog

was

taken

while

being

walked

by

its

owner

in

City

Park

yesterday

afternoon.

Police

wish

to

talk

to

a

man

seen

nearby

at

the

time,described

by

witnesses

as

short

and

fat

with

short

light

hair

and

clear

glasses.

2.

Yesterday

morning

at

9.30a.m.

a

man

armed

with

a

gun

entered

the

National

Bank

and

demanded

money

from

the

staff,before

fleeing

when

confronted

by

bank

security

staff.

Security

cameras

show

the

man

as

being

short

and

thin

with

shoulder

length

blonde

hair.

3.

A

tall,strong

built

man

with

blonde

hair,a

thick

black

moustache

and

wearing

dark

glasses

knocked

a

woman

to

the

ground

and

stole

her

purse

on

Main

Street

last

Saturday

afternoon.

If

you

see

this

man,do

not

approach

as

he

is

considered

extremely

dangerous.

4.

At

the

football

match

between

Manchester

United

and

Liverpool,several

people

had

their

wallets

stolen

while

waiting

in

line

to

buy

food.

The

victims

did

not

see

or

notice

the

thief

but

bystanders

describe

him

as

very

tall

and

thin,clean

shaven

with

short

light

hair.

5.

A

car

was

stolen

from

the

supermarket

carpark

on

Friday,June

23

this

year

by

a

man

described

as

very

young,1.7

metres

tall

with

thin

dark

hair

and

carrying

a

blue

backpack.

A

reward

of

$500

is

offered

for

the

car’s

recovery.

、书面表达(本大题共1小题,共30分)

假如你是福建省某中学高三学生李华,拟参加某英语报社组织的“畅想未来,规划人生”的征文活动。请根据以下内容要点及要求写一篇征文稿。

内容要点:

1.

规划内容;

2.

规划理由;

3.

实现途径;

……

注意:

1.

征文应包含以上内容,可适当拓展;

2.

开头已给出,不计入总词数;

3.

征文中不能出现考生的具体信息;

4.

词数:120左右。

My

Plan

for

the

Future

Senior

year

is

coming

to

an

end.

It

is

high

time

for

me

to

think

about

my

future

plan.

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

、单项填空

【答案】【知识点】A11

动词的时态与语态

【答案解析】D。解析:twice

a

week

over

the

past

year到目前为止的一段时间内重复发生的活动,要用现在完成进行时。他对打网球很感兴趣,在过去的一年里他每周都打两次网球。

【技巧点拨】看到over

the

past

year,要用现在完成时,四个选项中只有D和现在完成时有关。

【典型总结】The

old

man

has

been

repairing

cars

for

thirty

years.

老人修车修了三十年了。

It

has

been

raining

since

last

Sunday.

自上周星期日以来就一直在下雨。

D考查动词短语的含义。句意:在交通灯变化的时候,驾驶员加速是极其危险的。pull

up停车;

put

up贴;搭起;rise

up上升;pick

up此处“加速”。

B

the

one作同位语,特指the

CEO

0fthe

company。

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词短语辨析。根据句意:在大多数动物的世界里,夜晚是留下来用以睡眠的时间。故选A“搁置,留出”

答案:C

考查名词性从句。句意:中国的改革开放现在已经进行了大约三十年,效果非常明显。________

is

like

about

30

years

now是介词for的宾语,该部分缺少主语,所以选起双重作用的what。

、完形填空

参考答案DACBC

ADCDA

BCDBD

ABDBC

、阅读理解

60.

D61.

B62.

C63.

D

A篇36-40BCABB

36.

选B。有学生误选A、C或者D,原因是没有领会文章第一段的含义。

37.

选C。

38.

选A。有学生误选B或者C,原因是不能领会该段1-2句,尤其是第二句话的含义。阅读文章第四段可知。

39.

选B。有学生想当然地误选D。阅读文章最后一段,尤其根据“It

is

clear

too

that

the

reasons

why

such

children

leave

have

much

to

do

with

their

social

background.

Their

parents

often

need

the

extra

money

another

money-earner

would

bring

in;”判断可知。

40.

选B。有学生会误选D,原因是误把“尚未实现的平等受教育的机会”理解成“已经实现”。

、信息匹配

EDABC

、书面表达

参考范本

My

Plan

for

the

Future

Senior_year_is_coming_to_an_end._It_is_high_time_for_me_to_think_about_my_future_plan._

Since

childhood,I

have

been

dreaming

to

be

a

scientist

to

predict

earthquakes.

I

can

never

forget

miserable

scenes

whenever

the

earthquake

strikes.

The

question

“Can

we

do

nothing

but

die?”

echoes

in

my

heart.

I

choose

not

to

believe

that!

Three

months

later,I

will

be

a

college

student.

I

am

planning

to

take

a

major

to

gain

professional

knowledge.

After

graduation,I

will

choose

a

world-famous

university,where

I

can

exchange

knowledge

and

skills

with

top

experts.

“Theory

without

experience

is

blind.”

I

will

catch

any

chance

to

gain

first-hand

experience.

I

am

determined

to

devote

my

lifetime

to

the

great

cause

and

firmly

believe

that,through

joint

efforts,predicting

earthquakes

will

be

a

piece

of

cake

in

front

of

us

mankind.

篇3:全国通用20XX版高考历史一轮复习专题一古代中国的政治制度专题整合提升

全国通用2018版高考历史一轮复习专题一古代中国的政治制度专题整合提升 本文关键词:专题,高考,中国,政治制度,复习

全国通用2018版高考历史一轮复习专题一古代中国的政治制度专题整合提升 本文简介:(全国通用)2018版高考历史一轮复习专题一古代中国的政治制度专题整合提升第一板块自主学习知识课——主干整合·知识再储备大制度古代中国政治制度的演变历程。大阶段先秦“家国同构”与秦汉至明清的专制主义中央集权。大线索中央集权制度的演变;君主专制制度的演变;选官用人制度的演变。一、古代中国政治制度的演变

全国通用2018版高考历史一轮复习专题一古代中国的政治制度专题整合提升 本文内容:

(全国通用)2018版高考历史一轮复习

专题一

古代中国的政治制度专题整合提升

第一板块

自主学习知识课——主干整合·知识再储备

大制度

古代中国政治制度的演变历程。

大阶段

先秦“家国同构”与秦汉至明清的专制主义中央集权。

大线索

中央集权制度的演变;君主专制制度的演变;选官用人制度的演变。

一、古代中国政治制度的演变历程及特点

1.演变历程

(1)经历了禅让制(原始社会后期)→王位世袭制(夏商时期)→分封制和宗法制(周)→君主专制中央集权制度(秦汉至明清时期)的演变历程。

(2)君主专制中央集权制度是古代中国政治制度的核心,战国、秦汉时期开始形成,经过历朝发展完善,到明清时期达到顶峰,在中国社会延续了两千多年。

2.演变特点

(1)经过两千多年的发展过程,源流分明,沿革脉络清晰,具有继承发展的特点。

(2)以皇权为中心,鼓吹“君权神授”,严格的尊卑等级,确保君主专制权力的独断性。

(3)人治高于法治。其实质是权治、官治的独裁专制统治。

(4)完备性、周密性和成熟性。从中央到地方设置完备的政治结构,建立起从中央到地方严密的统治网络。

(5)宗法关系残余严重影响到古代政治制度的建设,父权观念渗入到国家政治制度中。

(6)政治制度的发展演变过程中,儒家经典是君主专制制度的理论基础,是历代制定政治制度与政策的依据。

二、古代中国加强君主专制的主要措施

1.调整中央机构:秦始皇时期的三公九卿制;隋唐开始的三省六部制;明朝废丞相,以六部分理全国政务,设立内阁;清朝时设立南书房,后增设军机处。中央机构的设立和其职权的转变完全服从于专制君权的需要。

2.加强对地方的控制:秦汉时期的郡县制;西汉王国问题的解决;北宋削弱地方实力;元朝实行行省制;明朝在地方废行省,设立三司。

3.注重对官吏的监察:秦朝设置御史大夫兼理国家监察事务;汉代设置刺史,代表中央监察诸侯和地方高官;北宋设置通判监督知州;明朝设置提刑按察使司分管地方监察事务。

4.注重官员的选拔:汉朝实行察举制;魏晋南北朝时期实行九品中正制;隋唐开始实行科举制;明清时期实行八股取士。

5.加强思想控制:秦始皇“焚书坑儒”,汉武帝“独尊儒术”,明清“八股取士”和清朝“文字狱”,从控制对象的范围看,由镇压儒生,到控制官员选拔,再到控制和镇压全体人民。

一、春秋战国时期诸侯国与古希腊城邦的不同

类别

古代中国

古希腊

政治结构

中国春秋战国时期的各诸侯国逐渐走向统一的帝国

古希腊城邦始终以独立的政治单位分立于希腊古典世界

经济发展

中国春秋战国时期各诸侯国则大多以农为本,重农抑商

希腊城邦商品经济比较发达,农、工、商并重

政治制度

中国春秋战国时期的各诸侯国王权日益强大,最后发展成为君主专制制度

希腊城邦出现了共和政体,王权衰微,有的城邦甚至建立了比较发达的民主政治

文化特征

中国春秋战国时期的文明是依托大河和农耕,虽然此时的文化也具备多元化的特性,但不能改变封闭性和保守性特点

古希腊城邦孕育的文明依托海洋,具有开放性、创新性和多元性的特点

二、明清时期的中国与同一时期英国政治制度的差异

项目

明清时期的中国

与明清同时期的英国

政体形式

封建君主专制

资产阶级君主立宪制

权力中心

君主有无限的权力,君主意志即国家法律,臣民必须绝对服从

君主“统而不治”,议会是国家最高权力机关和立法机关

政府机构

明朝内阁和清朝军机处是君主专制强化的产物,没有决策权,对皇帝负责

英国实行责任内阁制,内阁对议会负责,是国家的决策中心

历史影响

君主专制强化,成为历史发展的障碍,是中国落后的政治根源

防止专制独裁,促进了资产阶级民主政治和资本主义的发展

第二板块

师生共研高考课——高考研究·能力再提升

考纲展示

考点归纳

真题举例

考情分析

(1)商周时期的政治制度

考点1

西周对历史传承的重视

考点2

宗法制的影响

考点3

分封制、礼乐制

考点4

从西周到春秋战国时期的社会转型

2016·全国卷丙,T24

2016·全国卷甲,T27

2014·全国卷Ⅱ,T24

2013·全国卷Ⅰ,T24

(1)从考查内容看,以古代中国政治文明的发展演变为主线,涉及分封制和宗法制、秦朝皇帝制度的创立和郡县制的实施、从汉到元政治制度演变的特点、明朝废丞相设内阁及清朝设立军机处等核心内容,中央集权制度下中央官制和地方行政制度的演变、选官的制度等是考查的重点

(2)2018年高考中,秦汉以来的政治制度将是考查的重点。命题可能集中于专制主义中央集权制度的发展演变这一核心问题上,也有一部分试题具体考查专制主义(皇权和相权的矛盾)或中央集权(中央和地方的关系)。题型以选择题为主、非选择题为辅

(2)秦中央集权制度的形成、汉到元政治制度的演变

考点1

汉承秦制

考点2

科举制

考点3

重史传统对宋代君主统治的影响

考点4

汉代外戚干政

考点5

汉代地方吏治

考点6

君主专制强化、“君权神授”思想

考点7

汉唐地方行政区划的变化

考点8

君主专制的强化

考点9

中国古代官员培养、选拔与考察

2016·全国卷丙,T25

2016·全国卷甲,T25

2016·全国卷乙,T26

2015·全国卷Ⅰ,T25

2015·全国卷Ⅱ,T25

2014·全国卷Ⅰ,T24

2013·全国卷Ⅰ,T41

2012·新课标全国卷,T29

2011·新课标全国卷,T40

(3)明清君主专制制度的加强

考点1

明代的地方行政管理

考点2

明代内阁制

考点3

清代军机处

2016·全国卷乙,T27

2014·全国卷Ⅱ,T27

2012·新课标全国卷,T28

以“时空观念”为核心,迁移考查主干知识

1.(2014·高考全国卷Ⅱ,T24)周代分封制下,各封国贵族按“周礼”行事,学说统一的“雅言”,促进了各地文化的整合。周代的“雅言”最早应起源于现在的(

)

A.河南

B.河北

C.陕西

D.山东

解析:选C。“雅言”是周王室使用的语言,而西周的统治中心镐京在今陕西省境内,故本题选择C项。

2.(2014·高考全国卷Ⅱ,T27)明初废丞相、设顾问性质的内阁大学士,严防权臣乱政。明中后期严嵩、张居正等内阁首辅操纵朝政,权倾一时。这表明(

)

A.皇权渐趋衰弱

B.君主集权加强

C.内阁取代六部

D.首辅权力失控

解析:选B。明太祖废除丞相,权分六部并设殿阁大学士。明成祖时设内阁,内阁不是法定的中央一级的行政或决策机构,它只是皇帝的内侍机构,本身并无决策权,内阁首辅虽有时会操纵朝政,但其权力并不是来自制度及其职位,而是来自最高统治者的个人支持与信任,故内阁首辅操纵朝政进一步体现了君主集权的加强,A项错误。C项“内阁取代六部”与史实不符,六部几乎变成内阁的下属机构,但未被“内阁取代”。D项内容违背了材料信息。

3.(2012·高考新课标全国卷,T28)清代内阁处理公务的案例“积成样本四巨册”,官员“惟揣摹此样本为急”,时人称之为:“依样葫芦画不难,葫芦变化有千端。画成依旧葫芦样,要把葫芦仔细看。”这反映出当时(

)

A.内阁职权下降导致官员无所事事

B.政治体制僵化官员拘泥规制

C.内阁机要事务繁忙官员穷于应付

D.皇帝个人独裁官员唯命是从

解析:选B。解答本题的关键是抓住题干中的关键信息“惟揣摹此样本为急”。材料本身没有反映内阁职权的变化及内阁官员事务是否繁忙,故排除A、C两项;D项不准确,材料没有反映官员服从皇帝命令的信息;“惟揣摹此样本为急”体现了在清代僵化的政治体制下,官员拘泥规制的情形,故选B项。

以“多源情境”为载体,突出考查历史思维能力和研究方法

1.(2012·高考新课标全国卷,T29)梁启超在论述中国古代专制政治发展时说:“专制权稍薄弱,则有分裂,有分裂则有力征,有力征则有兼并,兼并多一次,则专制权高一度,愈积愈进。”从中国古代历史整体来看,这一论述中可以确认的是(

)

A.君主专制是维系统一的主要条件

B.分裂动荡是专制权力产生的前提

C.专制程度随历史进程而不断加强

D.武力夺取政权是专制制度的基础

解析:选C。解答本题的关键是提取材料有效信息并与所学知识进行联系。材料中的“……专制权……愈积愈进”体现了专制程度不断加深,联系所学知识:中国古代从秦朝建立君主专制中央集权制度开始,一直到明清时期,专制程度呈现不断加强的趋势,尤其是清朝军机处的建立,标志着中国古代君主专制达到了顶峰,故选C项。

2.(2013·高考全国卷Ⅰ,T24)在周代分封制下,墓葬有严格的等级规定。考古显示,战国时期,秦国地区君王墓葬规模宏大,其余墓葬无明显等级差别;在经济发达的东方六国地区,君王、卿大夫、士的墓葬等级差别明显。这表明(

)

A.经济发展是分封制度得以维系的关键

B.分封制中的等级规定凸显了君主集权

C.秦国率先消除分封体制走向集权统治

D.东方六国仍严格遵行西周的分封制度

解析:选C。解答本题的关键是提取有效信息:战国时期,秦国地区君王墓葬规模宏大,其余墓葬无明显等级差别,而东方六国地区君王、卿大夫、士的墓葬等级差别明显。这体现了秦国已经走向集权,C项正确。A项是对题干材料的错误解读;B项表述本身错误,分封制下君主权力有限;D项表述本身错误,春秋时期分封制就已经遭到破坏。

3.(2016·高考全国卷丙,T25)东汉王充在《论衡》中说:“萧何入秦,收拾文书(国家档案文献),汉所以能制九州者,文书之力也。”其意在说明,西汉成功地实现对全国的统治,是因为汉初(

)

A.实行了崇尚儒家的政策

B.继承了秦朝的基本制度

C.未能充分发挥文书功能

D.官吏熟知秦朝典章制度

解析:选B。西汉初期崇尚黄老“无为而治”的思想,A项错误;C项与材料信息“文书之力也”不符;由材料可知,萧何收拾秦的文书,不能由此得出汉初官员都熟知秦朝典章制度的结论,D项错误;材料体现了汉承秦制的内容,B项符合题意。

4.(2016·高考全国卷乙,T26)史载,宋太祖某日闷闷不乐,有人问他原因,他说:“尔谓帝王可容易行事耶……偶有误失,史官必书之,我所以不乐也。”此事反映了(

)

A.重史传统影响君主个人行为

B.宋代史官所撰史书全都真实可信

C.史官与君主间存在尖锐矛盾

D.宋太祖不愿史书记录其真实言行

解析:选A。中国有重视记载历史的传统。由材料可知,史官对皇帝行为的记载影响皇帝的言行,故A项正确。由材料无法得出宋代史官所撰史书全都真实可信,B项说法太绝对,故排除。材料没有涉及史官与君主间的矛盾,排除C项。宋太祖只是不愿史书记载其失误,故D项错误。

5.(2016·高考全国卷乙,T27)明初废行省,地方分设三司,分别掌管一地民政与财政、司法、军事,直属六部。明中叶以后,皇帝临时派遣的巡抚逐渐演变为三司之上的地方最高行政长官。这一变化有助于(

)

A.扩大地方行政权力

B.提高地方行政效率

C.削弱六部的权限

D.缓解中央与地方的对立

解析:选B。三司直属六部,地方办事效率不高。明中叶以后,巡抚逐渐成为三司之上的地方最高行政长官,直接管理地方事务,并对皇帝负责,这有利于提高地方行政效率,故答案为B项。这一变化使地方行政权力遭到削弱,排除A项。地方行政机构变迁不会削弱六部的权限,排除C项。材料中的变化加剧了中央与地方的矛盾,排除D项。

以“立德树人”为宗旨,强化考查历史价值观

1.(2016·高考全国卷丙,T24)周代青铜器上的铭文与商代相比,字数越来越多,语句也愈加格式化。这些铭文大都记述个人业绩,追颂祖先功德,希冀子孙保用。这表明西周时(

)

A.创造了一种全新的文字体系

B.形成了重视历史传承的风尚

C.宗法制度受到了严重的挑战

D.青铜器的功用发生重大改变

解析:选B。商周时期的铭文并不属于全新的文字体系,A项错误;材料中没有关于青铜器功用的信息,D项错误;由铭文的内容“记述个人业绩,追颂祖先功德,希冀子孙保用”可知,材料体现的是重视家族传统的继承,C项错误,B项正确。

2.(2014·高考全国卷Ⅰ,T24)中国古代,“天”被尊为最高神。秦汉以后,以“天子”自居的皇帝举行祭天大典,表明自己“承天”而“子民”,官员、百姓则祭拜自己的祖先。这反映了秦汉以后(

)

A.君主专制缘于宗教权威

B.政治统治借助于人伦秩序

C.皇权至上促成祖先崇拜

D.祭天活动强化了宗法制度

解析:选B。解答本题的关键是准确理解材料信息。题干材料并没有涉及宗教,排除A项;材料没有强调皇权至上,并且皇权至上与祭天、祭拜祖先之间没有直接的联系,排除C项;仅从题干材料无法得出祭天活动强化了宗法制的结论,排除D项。

以“史鉴功能”为抓手,隐性考查社会热点问题

1.(2016·高考全国卷甲,T25)两汉实行州郡推荐、朝廷考试任用的察举制;经魏晋九品中正制,至隋唐演变为自由投考、差额录用的科举制。科举制更有利于(

)

A.选拔最优秀的官吏

B.鉴别官员道德水平

C.排除世家子弟入仕

D.提升社会文化水平

解析:选D。科举制把读书、考试与做官紧密联系起来,因此它有助于提高整个社会的文化水平,D项正确;A项“最优秀”的说法过于绝对;B项,科举制的选拔标准是才学,排除;C项“排除”说法过于绝对。

2.(2015·高考全国卷Ⅰ,T25)两汉时期,皇帝的舅舅、外祖父按例封侯;若皇帝幼小,执政大臣也主要从他们之中选择。这被当时人视为“安宗庙,重社稷”的“汉家之制”。汉代出现外戚干政的背景是(

)

A.皇帝依靠外戚抑制相权

B.“家天下”观念根深蒂固

C.母族亲属关系受到重视

D.刘氏同姓诸侯王势力强大

解析:选C。解答本题的关键是准确理解材料原意。材料中说两汉时期皇帝的舅舅、外祖父按例封侯,若皇帝年幼,执政大臣也从他们中选择,反映了母族亲属(外戚)在两汉时期的地位极高,另外皇帝年幼,很容易被外戚控制,导致汉代经常出现外戚干政,故选C项。

3.(2015·高考全国卷Ⅱ,T25)汉宣帝曾称:“与朕共治天下者,其唯良二千石(郡太守)乎!”后来的帝王反复重申上述观念。这主要体现了(

)

A.地方吏治是国家安定的重要因素

B.中央集权与地方分权之间的矛盾

C.汉代地方行政制度为后代所沿用

D.历代帝王将汉宣帝作为治国榜样

解析:选A。解答本题的关键是准确理解材料的含义。地方服从中央,中央对地方进行垂直管理是君主专制中央集权制度的重要内容。材料体现了汉宣帝高度重视郡太守的作用,而郡太守是地方的最高行政长官,所以A项正确;材料强调的是郡太守在国家治理中的作用,没有提及中央和地方之间的矛盾,故排除B项;材料强调的是汉宣帝的观念而非汉代地方行政制度对后世的影响,故排除C项;D项内容在材料中未提及。

4.(2016·高考全国卷甲,T27)福建各地族谱中有大量关于入台族裔回乡请祖先牌位赴台的记载,此类现象在清乾隆年间骤然增多,这说明乾隆年间(

)

A.族谱编修顺应了移民的需求

B.大陆移民已在台湾安居繁衍

C.内地宗族开始整体迁移台湾

D.两岸居民正常往来受到阻碍

解析:选B。族谱编修是中华民族的传统民俗,而非乾隆年间的特殊现象,A项排除。B项正确,当时大量的大陆移民已在台湾安居繁衍,因此他们纷纷将祖先的牌位请回台湾,以便于拜祭;C项材料无从体现且说法过于绝对;D项不符合材料信息。

突破全国卷压轴大题之主观题(第41题)

(2013·高考全国卷Ⅰ,T41)阅读材料,完成下列要求。

历史地图包含了政治、经济、文化等多种信息。

比较图a、图b,提取两项有关汉唐间历史变迁的信息,并结合所学知识予以说明。

【思维建模】

审设问

知识角度:汉代、唐代的政治、经济、文化

设问角度:提取两项有关汉唐间历史变迁的信息,予以说明

设问限定:比较两图,提取信息,结合所学知识说明

读材料

关键信息:图中汉代、唐代行政区域划分及变化;图片名称等

关联教材:汉代“州”的设置、唐代“道”的设置;汉唐经济发展程度的变化等

列思路

“是什么”,仔细观察地图,提取相关的有效信息;其次要对比所提取信息,即两幅地图的不同之处,纵向看变迁与变化

“为什么”,从政治、经济等角度分析说明原因,横向看联系与互动,加以论证说明(分类说明、中外说明、区域说明、转化说明、时代说明、进程说明、视野说明)

“怎么样”,从纵向变化所隐含历史变迁的政治、经济、文化等角度进行拓展性做答

【满分示例】

示例一:信息:汉代的州集中于黄河中下游地区,唐代的道南北分布大体平衡。

说明:隋唐时南方社会经济有了很大发展。

示例二:信息:汉代州名与唐代道名有很大不同。

说明:唐代“道”的划分更注重山川地理形势。

示例三:信息:与汉代相比,唐代南方地区行政区划明显增加,即“道”比“州”的数量增多。

说明:中央管辖版图扩大,唐代行政区划的发展更进一步。

示例四:信息:吐蕃、南诏、流求出现在唐代版图中。

说明:汉至唐边疆民族融合加强,疆域扩大,边疆地区与中原联系加强。

【变式训练】

(2017·菏泽模拟)阅读材料,完成下列要求。

历史地图包含了政治、经济、文化等多种信息。比较图一、图二,提取两项有关1929—1946年间历史变迁的信息,并结合所学知识予以说明。

解析:本题为提取图片信息及运用所学知识予以说明类型题目,

此类题目所给图片隐含信息丰富,提取并不难,难点在于利用所学知识说明提取的信息,本题中可以从区域位置的变化来进行提取信息并予以说明,如从中共控制区域的变化来思考,或从根据地的发展情况来考虑,或从中共实力的角度都可以。

答案:示例一:信息:中共控制下的主要区域由中国南部地区转移到北部地区。

说明:红军长征胜利,中共实现了战略转移;抗战时期八路军主要在华北开辟了大片抗日根据地。

示例二:信息:中共领导下的根据地得到极大的发展,区域和面积得以扩大。

说明:在抗日战争中,依靠抗日民族统一战线,深入敌后,建立和发展敌后抗日根据地,中共力量得以壮大。

示例三:信息:中国共产党领导的革命由在农村寻求突破到捍卫解放区的领导权。

说明:半殖民地半封建社会,敌人在中心城市力量强大,农村力量相对薄弱;抗战胜利后,蒋介石企图依靠美帝国主义支持来发动内战以消灭人民革命力量,抢夺胜利果实。(答出其中两项即可)

专题过关检测(一)

(时间:45分钟,分值:85分)

一、选择题(本大题共12小题,每小题4分,共48分)

1.(2017·三明质检)原始社会晚期的墓葬,有的随葬品量多且贵重,有的随葬品相当少甚至一无所有,但都葬在共同的公共墓地里。这主要反映(

)

A.社会不平等现象加剧

B.仍处于母系统治时期

C.氏族血缘关系依然牢固

D.文明的出现指日可待

解析:选C。按照材料意思,随葬品虽然有所差别,但是都葬在一起,一定程度上反映了当时的社会关系仍然处在氏族社会,维系这种社会形态的核心脉络——血缘关系还是比较稳定的,故C项正确。

2.(2017·盐城高三模拟)《礼记·王制》记载:“五十养于乡,六十养于国,七十养于学,达于诸侯。八十,月告存。九十,日有秩。”材料旨在说明西周(

)

A.确立了血缘纽带的宗法制度

B.弘扬了儒学的孝悌文化

C.强化了森严的社会等级秩序

D.形成了尊老敬老的风尚

解析:选D。材料“五十养于乡,六十养于国,七十养于学,达于诸侯。八十,月告存。九十,日有秩”表明西周规定按年龄大小由地方或国家分别承担养老责任,说明西周形成了尊老敬老的风尚,故D项正确。

3.(2017·黄冈高三质检)1978年,湖北随县一座战国时期大型贵族墓葬,出土了大量文物,特别是有象征天子权威的全套青铜编钟和九鼎八簋(guǐ)。经考证,墓主是曾国国君乙,故称“曾侯乙墓”。战国时期的其他诸侯墓葬中,也发现过编钟或九鼎。这些考古发现突出说明当时(

)

A.经济大发展使贵族陪葬品更加丰富

B.物质的富足刺激了精神生活的需求

C.青铜是当时财富和权势的主要象征

D.森严的等级秩序遭到破坏

解析:选D。材料没有体现出当时经济的大发展,故A项错误;材料没有体现出当时物质的富足,故B项错误;青铜编钟象征天子的权威,但不是材料的主旨,故C项错误;贵族墓葬出土了有象征天子权威的全套青铜编钟和九鼎八簋,表明当时天子权威受到挑战,森严的等级秩序遭到破坏,故D项正确。

4.在西周时代,“姓”和“氏”是两个概念,“姓”表明血统,“氏”则为“姓”的分支。贵族男子的“字”全称有三个汉字:第一字表长幼行辈(伯、仲、叔、季等),第二字任意,末一字为“父”字。这说明姓氏名字制度在当时最主要的作用是(

)

A.强化宗族认同

B.维护尊卑关系

C.凸显贵族地位

D.继承华夏传统

解析:选B。从“姓”表明血统,“氏”则为“姓”的分支可知,强化宗族认同是姓、氏能起到的作用,但不是字的作用,故A项错误;西周时姓氏能区分贵贱和宗族,字能体现同一等级内的尊卑,故维护尊卑关系是姓氏名字最主要的作用,故B项正确;西周时期只有贵族有姓,但凸显贵族地位不能完全体现姓氏名字的作用,故C项错误;继承华夏传统不是材料体现内容的最主要作用,故D项错误。

5.(2017·四川名校联盟高三模拟)秦朝将领赵佗在担任龙川县令(属于广东)时,为解决将士生活上的缝补浆洗问题,赵佗上书秦始皇,请求派遣没有丈夫的女子到龙川,“以为士卒衣补”,秦始皇便征召了1.5万名女子前往南越(包括龙川)。秦王朝这一做法(

)

A.不利于民族矛盾的解决

B.有助于国家统一与民族融合

C.促进古代经济重心南移

D.扩大了秦王朝的统治疆域

解析:选B。根据“秦始皇便征召了1.5万名女子前往南越(包括龙川)”结合所学知识可知,南征南越是为了扩大秦朝的疆域,巩固国家的统一,同时派大量的女子到少数民族地区是加强和少数民族地区的联系,促进民族融合,故B项正确。

6.(2017·岳阳高三质检)傅乐成的《中国通史》中说:在此以前,无论名义上如何,中国实际是分裂的……“诸夏”或“中国”都是个笼统的概念,并没有确切的范围和实际的组织;到此“中国”二字有了具体的表现,它代表着一个庞大帝国和它的土地人民。促使此处“中国”概念变化的是(

)

A.分封制

B.郡县制

C.郡国并行制

D.行省制

解析:选B。郡县制的实行,实现了中央对地方的有效控制,使中国有了确切的范围和实际的组织,故B项正确;西周实行分封制,国家没有实现权力的高度集中,此时中国实际上仍然是分裂的,故A项错误;郡国并行制实行时国家已经有了确切的范围和实际组织,故C项错误;行省制的实行加强了中央对地方的控制,但此时国家已经有了具体的范围和实际组织,故D项错误。

7.因为缺乏必要的交通保障,所以分封制成为西周的可能选择。照此逻辑,以下说法最合理的是(

)

A.秦朝修建驰道使郡县制的存续成为可能

B.隋朝大一统加强了南北经济文化的交流

C.唐朝政通人和促成了经济文化的大繁荣

D.明清专制主义的强化使学术风气很沉闷

解析:选A。秦朝修建驰道有助于加强中央政府对地方的有效管理,从而使得郡县制的全面推行成为可能选择,符合材料推理逻辑,故A项正确;魏晋南北朝经济文化的不断交流融合奠定了隋统一的经济基础,不符合材料推理逻辑,故B项错误;政通人和是唐朝经济文化大繁荣的深刻反映,不符合材料推理逻辑,故C项错误;专制主义的强化并未构成学术风气沉闷的必要条件,不符合材料推理逻辑,故D项错误。

8.(2017·赣州高三检测)“门生”,顾名思义,即是学生。汉代经师的门生动辄成百、上千以至上万,并且登录于名册,经师与门生存在俱损俱荣的依附关系。叔孙通投刘邦之初,不举其弟子为官,便遭到弟子指责;叔孙通担任奉常后便请于高帝:“诸弟子儒生随臣久矣,与臣共为仪,愿陛下官之”,“高帝悉以为郎”。材料反映出(

)

A.察举制存在一定的弊端

B.儒生把持官员选拔

C.汉初官僚政治需要完善

D.汉初实行休养生息

解析:选C。官僚政治是建立在官吏的选拔和任命制基础之上的,而材料反映汉初官员的任用存在俱损俱荣的依附关系,这就背离了选拔、任命的原则,需要在实践中加以完善,故C项正确。

9.(2017·日照高三模拟)美国学者G·罗兹曼认为:“科举曾充当过传统中国的社会和政治动力的枢纽。这种考试是为维持儒家的国家正统的运作需要而设计的,是授予特权和打通向上层社会流动的手段,构成了社会理想的中国模式。”这是因为科举制的实施(

)

A.提升了政府官员的文化素质

B.体现了公正唯贤的选才标准

C.有利于强化专制和集权政治

D.促进了教育文化事业的发展

解析:选B。科举制是古代中国的选官制度,它以考试成绩作为选拔官员的依据,社会各个阶层是否能成为政府的官员,关键在于其学识,因而体现了公正唯贤的选才标准,故B项正确。

10.(2017·淮南高三模拟)公元1071年,枢密使文彦博对宋神宗说,“(皇帝)与士大夫共治天下,非与百姓共治天下也”。最能体现该主张的是(

)

A.派文官担任地方长官

B.由世家大族担任朝廷要职

C.由中央掌控地方赋税

D.抽调各地精兵去充实禁军

解析:选A。“(皇帝)与士大夫共治天下,非与百姓共治天下也”指皇权制度与官僚制度的结合,“文官”是士大夫的代表,担任地方长官,体现对地方权力的监督,故A项正确;世家大族在南朝时期逐渐消失,在唐代亦受到重创,故B项错误;“由中央掌控地方赋税”是加强中央集权的措施,与题意不符,故C项错误;“抽调各地精兵去充实禁军”是宋代强干弱枝的表现,与题意不符,故D项错误。

11.(2017·北京西城区高三检测)下面信息概述了某朝代政治上的部分特征。这应该是(

)

●门阀政治基本解体

●文官地位超过武将

●宰相职事权被分割

A.汉朝

B.唐朝

C.宋朝

D.清朝

解析:选C。随着科举制的实行,门阀士族衰落,到宋代,门阀政治基本解体,实行“重文轻武”政策,文官地位超过武将,宋代宰相的权力被分为三部分,因此材料反映的朝代是宋代,选择C项符合题意。

12.(2017·济宁高三模拟)中国古代高层行政区经历了秦汉的郡、魏晋南北朝的州、唐朝的道、宋朝的路、元朝的行省、明朝的布政使司和清朝的省的变迁,极不稳定,变化较大。这反映出(

)

A.中央与地方的矛盾长期存在

B.高层行政区的数量不断增多

C.地方行政区的权力不断扩大

D.中央与地方的分权日趋合理

解析:选A。根据材料可知从秦汉到明清地方的行政机构变化较大,极不稳定,说明中央与地方的矛盾长期存在,为维护统治,中央不断对地方机构进行调整,故A项正确。

二、非选择题(本大题共2小题,第13题25分,第14题12分,共37分)

13.(2017·湖北百所重点中学联考)阅读材料,完成下列要求。

材料一

隋文帝晚年“持法尤峻,喜怒不常,过于杀戮”,隋炀帝“益肆淫刑”“生杀任情”。贞观二年,唐太宗对大臣们说:“朕观《隋炀帝文集》,文辞奥博,亦知是尧、舜而非桀、纣,然行事何其反也!”大臣魏征解释道:“人君虽圣哲,犹当虚己以爱人,故智者献其谋,勇者竭其力。”唐初即制定“崇儒”的基本国策,其目的是要用儒家的礼、义、廉、耻、仁、爱来教育百姓尊礼守法,维护社会安定。在《贞观政要》中唐太宗曾说:“朕看古来帝王以仁义为治者,国祚延长;任法御人者,虽教弊于一时,败亡亦促。既见前王成事,足是元龟。今欲专以仁义诚信为治,望革近代之浇薄也。”又说:“失礼之禁,著在刑书。”由于失礼必入刑,所以“刑典仍用,盖风化未洽之咎”。

——阳传泽《贞观政要所见唐初统治集团法律思想》

材料二

《大明律》是我国封建法律制度史上一部有代表性的法典。包括五刑、十恶以及吏律、户律、礼律等,共30卷460条。《吏律》主要规定文武官吏应该遵循的职司法规及公务职责,“大臣专擅选官”“交结朋党紊乱朝政”等死罪条款为明律所特有;《户律》中调整经济关系的内容大为增加。

——《从〈大明律〉的制定看朱元璋的法制思想》

(1)根据材料一,指出唐太宗的治国之策,并结合所学知识说明这一策略形成的原因。(13分)

(2)根据材料二,概括《大明律》的特点。综合以上材料并结合所学知识,指出唐太宗和朱元璋的治国思想的相同之处。(12分)

解析:(1)第一小问治国之策,根据材料一,由“朕看古来帝王以仁义为治者,国祚延长……今欲专以仁义诚信为治,望革近代之浇薄也”“刑典仍用,盖风化未洽之咎”可以看出其以礼为重,礼法并用;第二小问原因,根据材料一,由隋文帝晚年“持法尤峻,喜怒不常,过于杀戮”和隋炀帝“益肆淫刑”“生杀任情”可以看出其吸收了前朝统治者为政失策的教训,由“唐初即制定‘崇儒’的基本国策,其目的是要用儒家的礼、义、廉、耻、仁、爱来教育百姓尊礼守法,维护社会安定”可以看出稳定建国初社会秩序的需要,由“人君虽圣哲,犹当虚己以爱人,故智者献其谋,勇者竭其力”可知其力推仁政和君主谦逊的个人品质。(2)第一小问特点,根据材料二“包括五刑、十恶以及吏律、户律、礼律等,共30卷460条”可知涉及内容广泛,根据材料二“《吏律》主要规定文武官吏应该遵循的职司法规及公务职责,‘大臣专擅选官’‘交结朋党紊乱朝政’等死罪条款为明律所特有”可知其维护专制的色彩明显,根据材料二“《户律》中调整经济关系的内容大为增加”可知其重视经济立法;第二小问相同点,根据材料一、二可知,其相同点为重法典,施仁政。

答案:(1)治国之策:以礼为重,礼法并用。

原因:唐太宗吸取前朝统治者为政失策速亡的教训;稳定建国初社会秩序的需要;部分大臣力推仁政和君主谦逊的个人品质。

(2)特点:涉及内容广泛;维护专制的色彩明显;重视经济立法。

相同:施仁政,重法典。

14.(2017·贵阳高三适应性测试)阅读材料,完成下列要求。

中国封建君主专制中央集权制度的建立与演变简表

阶段

演变

萌芽于战国

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