初中定语从句总结用法大全 本文关键词：从句，定语，用法，初中，大全
初中定语从句总结用法大全 本文简介：定语从句走进中考定语从句的难点在于学生分析不清楚先行词，不能正确使用关系代词和关系副词，不能正确理解定语从句中的一些特殊用法。中考对于定语从句的掌握要求如下：1.掌握关系代词的用法，特别是that，which，who，whom，whose作主语、表语和定语的用法。2.掌握关系副词when，where
初中定语从句总结用法大全 本文内容：
定
语
从
句
走进中考
定语从句的难点在于学生分析不清楚先行词，不能正确使用关系代词和关系副词，不能正确理解定语从句中的一些特殊用法。中考对于定语从句的掌握要求如下：
1.
掌握关系代词的用法，特别是that，
which，
who，
whom，
whose作主语、表语和定语的用法。
2.
掌握关系副词when，
where，
why引导定语从句的用法；
3.
掌握“介词+关系代词”的用法，尤其是介词的选取和使用；
4.
掌握关系代词that和which的用法的异同；
5.
掌握表示地点或时间的名词充当先行词时，关系代词和关系副词的选择问题。
思维导图
1.
定语从句的概念和位置
在句子中起定语作用的从句成为定语从句。定语从句在句子的作用相当于形容词，故又称为形容词从句。（在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句）。
e.g.:
Do
you
know
the
girl
who
is
singing
on
the
stage?
This
is
the
museum
which
was
built
last
year.
2.
先行词和关系代词
被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。
引导定语从句的词叫关系词，指代先行词，放在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又充当定语从句的某一个成分（主语、宾语、表语、状语等）；
e.g.:
The
man
who
has
an
umbrella
in
his
hand
is
my
uncle.
先行词
关系代词（在从句中做主语）
The
train
which
has
just
left
is
for
Shenzhen.
先行词
关系代词（做主语）
Let’s
find
a
place
where
we
can
have
a
picnic.
先行词
关系副词（地点状语）
关系代词=连接词+代词
定语从句的构成：
He
has
a
car.
+
The
car
has
7
seats.
==
He
has
a
car
and
it
has
7
seats.
==
He
has
a
car
which
has
7
seats.
The
hotel
is
very
clean.
+
We
stayed
here.
==
The
hotel
where
we
stayed
was
very
clean.
We
met
a
man.
+
The
man
directed
us
to
the
factory.
=>We
met
a
man
and
he
directed
us
to
the
factory.
=>We
met
a
man
who
directed
us
to
the
factory.
3.
关系代词引导的定语从句
出题点：A
指代人的关系代词充当主语、宾语、表语的用法；
B
指代物的关系代词充当主语、宾语、表语的用法。
关系代词在句子中起连接、替代的作用，在句子中充当一定的成分，修饰前面的先行词。引导定语从句的关系代词that，which，who，whom，whose，主要用法如下表格：
先行词
主语
宾语
所有格
人
Who/that
Whom/that
Whose
事物、动词
Which/that
Which/that
Whose
人+动物
人+事物
that
that
关系代词与普通代词的区别：
普通代词只起替代作用。
关系代词替代先行词，在定语从句中充当一定的成分，同时把先行词与定语从句联系在一起，起连词的作用。
i.
That引导的定语从句
That
可以指人也可以指物，在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语。作宾语时可以省略。作介词宾语时，介词不可提到that之前，若介词提到前面，指物用which指人用whom
e.g.:
Views
that
are
entirely
new
may
also
be
hard
to
accept.
We
need
a
person
that
is
right
for
the
job.
The
picture
(that)
we
are
studying
was
drawn
by
a
fifteen-year-old
student.
ii.
Which引导的定语从句
Which一般指物，在定语从句中作主语和宾语。作宾语的关系代词which可以省略（放介词后除外）：
e.g.:
The
river
which
runs
through
the
center
of
the
city
was
polluted
seriously.
The
story
(which)
he
told
was
very
popular.
The
house
in
which
I
used
to
live
has
become
a
shoe
shop.
iii.
Who，whom引导的定语从句
二者都用于指人。Who在定语从句中作主语、宾语；whom在定语从句中作宾语。作宾语的关系代词who，whom可以省略（介词后作宾语的关系代词除外）
e.g.:
---We
are
proud
of
Mo
Yan.
---Yes.
He
is
a
great
writer
who
won
the
Nobel
Prize
in
Literature
in
2012.
e.g.:
Her
sister
married
a
man
(who/whom)
she
met
on
a
plane.
注意：先行词为one,ones,anyone
或those
时，定语从句中的关系代词用who
e.g.:
God
helps
those
who
help
themselves.
自助者天助之。
重点提醒:
whom在定语从句中作介词的宾语，且介词提到whom前面时，不能用who代替：e.g.:
The
person
to
who
you
just
talked
is
Deep.(错误)
应该为to
whom
或者可以这样表达：The
person
who/whom
you
just
talked
to
is
Deep.
（正确）
在现代英语中，定语从句中作宾语的关系代词whom可以用who代替，但who不用于介词之后。在非限定性定语从句中，whom不可用who代替。
iv.
Whose引导的定语从句
Whose可以指人也可以指物，在定语从句中作定语。
e.g.:
Do
you
know
the
girl
whose
Japanese
is
excellent?
I’d
like
a
room
whose
window
looks
out
over
the
sea.
重点提升：有时“whose+名词”可用“限定词+名词+of
which/whom”或者“of
which/whom+限定词+名词”来替代。
e.g.:
He
lives
in
a
house
whose
windows
face
south.
===
He
lives
in
a
house
whose
windows
face
south.
===
He
lives
in
a
house
the
windows
of
which
face
south.
另：whose+名词引导定语从句时，名词前不能再接限定词，只有转换为“限定词+名词+of
which/whom”或“of
which/whom+限定词+名词”时，名词前面可以有限定词。
4.
关系副词引导的定语从句
出题点：关系副词when，where，why的用法
关系副词在定语从句中充当状语，一般不可省略。常用的关系副词有when，where，why等。选择哪一个关系副词要看其前面的先行词。
关系副词
先行词
在从句中充当的成分
Where
表示地点的名词
地点状语
When
表示时间的名词
时间状语
Why
Reason
原因状语
e.g.
I
remember
the
day.
+
We
first
met
then.
==
I
remember
the
day
when
we
first
met.
关系副词作时间状语，相当于on
which
（1）
when引导定语从句
when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。它的先行词通常为time，day，week等表示时间的名词。此时时常可用on
which，in
which，during
which等替代。
e.g.:
April
the
first
is
the
day
when
people
make
fun
of
others.
I
still
remember
the
time
when
I
first
travelled
by
plane.
注意：当表示时间的先行词在定语从句中作主语或宾语时，关系代词不能用when。
（2）
where引导的定语从句
where指地点，在定语从句中作状语。它的先行词常为place，house，country等表示地点的名词。此时常可以用in
which，at
which等替代。
e.g.:
Last
year
my
parents
went
to
the
farm
where
they
worked
30years
ago.
先行词
关系副词作地点状语，相当于in
which
Keep
the
books
in
a
place
where
you
can
find
them
easily.
先行词
关系副词作地点状语，相当于at
which
（3）
why引导的定语从句
why指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语，它的先行词通常为reason，此时常可以用for
which来代替。
e.g.:
I
know
the
reason
why
she
left
you.
先行词
关系副词作原因状语
Please
tell
me
the
reason
why
she
is
crying
so
badly.
注意：先行词是the
reason，关系副词why在定语从句中充当原因状语。但是当先行词在定语从句中作主语或宾语时，关系代词不能用why，要用that或which引导。
5.
定语从句中的注意事项
出题点：A.
只用that不用which的情况
B．只用which不用that的情况
C．定语从句中的主谓一致
D．“介词+关系代词”结构中介词的选择
（1）
只用that不用which的情况；
A．
先行词时不定代词或者被不定代词修饰时
先行词是anything，everything，nothing，few，all,none,little,some等，或者由every，
any,all,some,no,little,few,much等不定代词修饰时，关系代词用that不用which。
e.g.:
Have
you
taken
down
everything
that
Mr.
Li
has
said?
Any
man
that
doesn’t
have
a
sense
of
duty
can’t
do
the
thing
well.
B.
先行词时序数词或者形容词最高级或者被其修饰时
e.g.:
The
first
thing
that
my
brother
is
going
to
do
this
afternoon
is
to
study
physics.
I
have
found
the
best
way
that
could
finish
the
test.
C.
先行词既有指人的名词又有指物的名词时
e.g.:
He
was
watching
the
children
and
parcels
that
filled
with
the
car.
Jack
took
photographs
of
the
things
and
people
that
he
was
interested
in.
D.
当主句是以who或者which开头的特殊疑问句时
e.g.:
Who
is
the
person
that
is
standing
at
the
gate?
Which
is
the
bike
that
you
lost?
E.
先行词前有the
only，the
very等修饰时
e.g.:
This
is
the
very
dictionary
that
I
want
to
buy.
After
the
fire,the
old
car
was
the
only
thing
that
he
owned.
注意：
当主语是以here，there开头且先行词是指物的名词时，用that而不用which引导。
e.g.：
Here
is
the
book
that
you
are
looking
for.
口诀记忆：
只用that的情况：the
only，the
very，the
same，no，any先行词即有人又有物，高级，不定和序数。
（2）只用which不用that的情况
A.
关系代词前有介词且指物时
e.g.:
I’m
looking
for
a
container
in
which
I
can
put
all
these
peaches.
A
zoo
is
a
park
in
which
many
kinds
of
animals
are
kept
for
exhibition.
B.
先行词本身就是that时
e.g.:
I
don’t
like
that
which
he
did.
What
is
that
which
is
on
the
ground?
C.
引导非限定性定语从句时
非限定性定语从句的关系代词或关系副词与先行词之间常用逗号隔开。
e.g.:
Football,which
is
a
very
interesting
game,is
played
all
over
the
world.
Their
house
was
washed
away
by
the
floods,which
made
them
sad.
另：限定性定语从句即我们初中阶段所学的定语从句，定语从句和先行词之间的关系密切，不用逗号隔开，说明先行词的性质、身份、特征等，不能去掉。
非限定性定语从句主要起补充说明的作用，往往用逗号与先行词隔开，去掉后不影响主句的意义。
（3）定语从句中的主谓一致
这里指关系代词在定语从句中做主语时，定语从句中谓语动词的单复数形式要与先行词一致的问题。先行词时单数时，从句的谓语动词用单数；先行词是复数时，从句的谓语动词用复数。
e.g.:
The
man
who
is
playing
football
is
my
PE
teacher.
I
love
singers
who
write
their
own
music.
要点提升：
“One
of
+
复数可数名词”充当先行词时，定语从句的谓语动词用复数形式；“the
only/very/right
one
of
+
复数可数名词”充当先行词时，定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式。
e.g.:
Tom
is
one
of
the
students
who
were
awarded.
Tom
is
the
only
one
of
the
students
who
was
awarded.
（4）“介词+关系代词”结构中介词的选择
A.
根据定语从句中的谓语动词判断
一般定语从句的谓语动词如果是及物动词，后面没有宾语时就用关系代词；如果是不及物动词就用关系副词。
e.g.:
This
is
the
factory
that/which
I
visited
last
year.
This
is
the
factory
where
I
used
to
work.
小贴士：定语从句中究竟用关系代词还是用关系副词，把握好一个原则：弄清楚它在从句中充当什么成分，充当状语，即用关系副词，反之则用关系代词。
B．
根据定语从句中所缺少的成分判断
分析定语从句缺失何种成分（主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语），如果缺少主语、宾语、表语、定语用关系代词；缺少状语用关系副词。
e.g.:
Is
this
the
museum
(that/which)
you
visited
a
few
days
ago?
Visited
后面缺少宾语
Is
this
the
museum
where
the
exhibition
was
held?
Was
held后面缺少地点状语
（5）
“介词+关系代词”的用法
有时定语从句中的介词可以提到关系代词之前，形成“介词+关系代词”结构，该结构中个关系代词可用which，whose，whose，whom，不可以用that和who。该结构中的介词可以根据定语从句中谓语的搭配、与先行词的搭配或者句子意义来确定。
e.g.:
This
is
the
house
of
which
I
spoke.
Is
this
the
car
for
which
you
paid
a
high
price?
This
is
the
camera
with
which
he
often
takes
photos.
This
is
the
pilot
by
whom
my
son
was
saved.
注意：介词在定语从句句尾，可以省略作宾语的关系代词，而如果介词在定语从句前面时，不能省略作宾语的关系代词。
重点提醒：有些“动词+介词”，如look
for，look
after，call
on等不可拆开，不可把介词置于关系代词之前。
e.g.:
It
is
the
book
for
which
she
was
looking.
(╳)
which
she
was
looking
for(√)
the
babies
after
whom
the
nurses
are
looking
are
very
healthy.
(╳)
whom
the
nurses
are
looking
after(√)
小贴士：
“介词+关系代词”结构中，介词的选择可根据与先行词搭配的具体含义而定。
e.g.:
I’ll
never
forget
the
time
during
which
(=
during
the
time)
I
spent
my
childhood
in
the
country.
定语从句的分类
根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省去。非限制性定语从句与主句之间有逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。