初一英语学习知识点总结(详解版) 本文关键词：知识点，详解，学习，初一英语
初一英语学习知识点总结(详解版) 本文简介：初一英语学习知识点总结一、初一英语语法——词法1、名词A）名词的数我们知道名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词，而不可数名词它没有复数形式，但可数名词却有单数和复数之分，复数的构成如下：一）在后面加s。如：fathers,books,Americans,Germans,apples,bananas二）x
初一英语学习知识点总结(详解版) 本文内容：
初一英语学习知识点总结
一、初一英语语法——词法
1、名词
A）名词的数
我们知道名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词，而不可数名词它没有复数形式，但可数名词却有单数和复数之分，复数的构成如下：
一）在后面加s。如：fathers,books,Americans,Germans,apples,bananas
二）x,sh,ch,s,tch后加es。如：boxes,glasses,dresses,watches,wishes,三）1）以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es
如：baby-babies,2）以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。如：day-days,boy-boys,toy-toys,key-keys,ways
四）以o结尾加s（外来词）。如：radios,photos,但如是辅音加o的加es：如:
tomatoes西红柿,potatoes马铃薯
五）以f或fe结尾的变f为v再加es(s)。如：knife-knives,wife-wives,half-halves,shelf-shelves,leaf-leaves,yourself-yourselves
六）单复数相同（不变的）有：fish,sheep,deer鹿子,Chinese,Japanese
七）一般只有复数，没有单数的有：people,pants,shorts,shoes,glasses,gloves,clothes,socks
八）单词形式不变，既可以是单数也可以是复数的有：police警察局，警察,class班，同学,family家，家庭成员
九）合成的复数一般只加主要名词，多数为后一个单词。如：action
movie-action
movies,pen
pal-pen
pals;
但如果是由man或woman所组成的合成词的复数则同时为复数。如：man
doctor-men
doctors,woman
teacher-women
teachers
十）有的单复数意思不同。如：fish鱼
fishes鱼的种类,paper纸
papers报纸，卷子，论文,work工作
works作品，工厂,glass玻璃
glasses玻璃杯，眼镜,orange桔子水
oranges橙子,light光线
lights灯,people人
peoples民族,time时间
times时代,次数,chicken
鸡肉
chickens
小鸡
十一）
单个字母的复数可以有两种形式直接加s或’s。如：Is
(I’s),Ks
(K’s)。但如是缩略词则只加s。如：IDs,VCDs,SARs
十二）
特殊形式的有：child-children,man-men,woman-women,foot-feet,mouse-mice,policeman-policemen,Englishman-Englishmen
B）名词的格
当我们要表示某人的什么东西或人时，我们就要使用所有格形式。构成如下：
一）单数在后面加’s。如：brother’s,Mike’s,teacher’s
二）复数以s结尾的直接在s后加’，如果不是以s结尾的与单数一样处理。如：Teachers’
Day教师节,classmates’;
Children’s
Day六一节,Women’s
Day三八节
三）由and并列的名词所有时，如果是共同所有同一人或物时，只加最后一个’s，但分别拥有时却分别按单数形式处理。如：Mike
and
Ben’s
room迈克和本的房间（共住一间），Mike’s
and
Ben’s
rooms迈克和本的房间（各自的房间）
2、代词
项目
人称代词
物主代词
指示代词
反身代词
人称
主格
宾格
形容词
名词性
第一人称
单数
I
me
my
mine
myself
复数
we
us
our
ours
ourselves
第二人称
单数
you
you
your
yours
yourself
复数
you
you
your
yours
yourselves
第三人称
单数
she
her
her
hers
herself
he
him
his
his
himself
it
it
its
its
this
that
itself
复数
they
them
their
theirs
these
those
themselves
3、动词
A）
第三人称单数
当动词是第三人称单数时，动词应该像名词的单数变动词那样加s，如下：
一）一般在词后加s。如：comes,spells,waits,talks,sees,dances,trains
二）在x,sh,ch,s,tch后加es。如：watches,washes,wishes,finishes
三）1）以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es。如：study-studies,hurry-hurries,try-tries
2）以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。如：plays,says,stays,enjoys,buys
四）以o结尾加es。如：does,goes
五）特殊的有：are-is,have-has
B）
现在分词
当我们说某人正在做什么事时，动词要使用分词形式，不能用原形，构成如下：
一）一般在后加ing。如：spell-spelling,sing-singing,see-seeing,train-training,play-playing,hurry-hurrying,watch-watching,go-going,do-doing
二）以不发音e的结尾的去掉e再加ing。如：dance-dancing,wake-waking,take-taking,practice-practicing,write-writing,have-having
三）以重读闭音节结尾且一个元音字母＋一个辅音字母（注意除开字母组合如show
–showing,draw-drawing）要双写最后的辅音字母再加ing。如：put-putting,run-running,get-getting,let-letting,begin-beginning
四）以ie结尾的变ie为y再加ing。如：tie-tying系
die-dying死
lie-lying
位于
4、形容词的级
我们在对两个或以上的人或物进行对比时，则要使用比较或最高级形式。构成如下：
一）
一般在词后加er或est(如果是以e结尾则直接加r或st)。如：greater-greatest,shorter
–shortest,taller
–tallest,longer
–longest,nicer-
nicest,larger
-largest
二）以重读闭音节结尾且1个元音字母＋1个辅音字母(字母组合除外，如few-fewer
fewest)结尾的双写结尾的辅音再加er
/est。如：big-bigger
biggest,red-redder
reddest,hot-hotter
hottest
三）
以辅音字母＋y结尾的变y为i加er/est。如：happy-happier
happiest,sorry-sorrier
sorriest,friendly-friendlier
friendliest(more
friendly
most
friendly),busy-busier
busiest,easy-easier
easiest
四）特殊情况：(两好多坏，一少老远)
good/well
-
better
best
many/much
-
more
most
bad/ill
–
worse
worst
little-
less
least
old-
older/elder
oldest/eldest
far-
farther/further
farthest/furthest
5、数词
(基变序，有规则；一、二、三，自己背；五、八、九、十二；其它后接th；y结尾，变为i,eth跟上去。)
first,second,third;
fifth,eighth,ninth,twelfth;
seventh,tenth,thirteenth,hundredth;
twenty-twentieth,forty-fortieth,ninety-ninetieth
二、初一英语语法——句式
1.陈述句
肯定陈述句
a)
This
is
a
book.
(be动词)
b)
He
looks
very
young.
(连系动词)
c)
I
want
a
sweat
like
this.
(实义动词)
d)
I
can
bring
some
things
to
school.
(情态动词)
e)
There’s
a
computer
on
my
desk.
(There
be结构)
否定陈述句
a)
These
aren’t
their
books.
b)
They
don’t
look
nice.
c)
Kate
doesn’t
go
to
No.
4
Middle
School.
d)
Kate
can’t
find
her
doll.
e)
There
isn’t
a
cat
here.
(=There’s
no
cat
here.)
2.
祈使句
肯定祈使句
a)
Please
go
and
ask
the
man.
b)
Let’s
learn
English!
c)
Come
in,please.
否定祈使句a)
Don’t
be
late.
b)
Don’t
hurry.
3.
疑问句
1)
一般疑问句
a)
Is
Jim
a
student?
b)
Can
I
help
you?
c)
Does
she
like
salad?
d)
Do
they
watch
TV?
e)
Is
she
reading?
肯定回答:
a)
Yes,he
is.
b)
Yes,you
can.
c)
Yes,she
does.
d)
Yes,they
do.
e)
Yes,she
is.
否定回答:
a)
No,he
isn’t.
b)
No,you
can’t.
c)
No,she
doesn’t.
d)
No,they
don’t.
e)
No,she
isn’t.
2)
选择疑问句
Is
the
table
big
or
small?
回答
It’s
big./
It’s
small.
3)
特殊疑问句
①
问年龄
How
old
is
Lucy?
She
is
twelve.
②
问种类
What
kind
of
movies
do
you
like?
I
like
action
movies
and
comedies.
③
问身体状况
How
is
your
uncle?
He
is
well/fine.
④
问方式
How
do/can
you
spell
it?
L-double
O-K.
How
do
we
contact
you?
My
address
is
[email protected]
⑤
问原因
Why
do
you
want
to
join
the
club?
⑥
问时间
What’s
the
time?
(=What
time
is
it?)
It’s
a
quarter
to
ten
a.m
What
time
do
you
usually
get
up,Rick?
At
five
o’clock.
When
do
you
want
to
go?
Let’s
go
at
7:00.
⑦
问地方
Where’s
my
backpack?
It’s
under
the
table.
⑧
问颜色
What
color
are
they?
They
are
light
blue.
What’s
your
favourite
color?
It’s
black.
⑨
问人物
Who’s
that?
It’s
my
sister.
Who
is
the
boy
in
blue?
My
brother.
Who
isn’t
at
school?
Peter
and
Emma.
Who
are
Lisa
and
Tim
talking
to?
⑩
问东西
What’s
this/that
(in
English)?
It’s
a
pencil
case.
What
else
can
you
see
in
the
picture?
I
can
see
some
broccoli,strawberries
and
hamburgers.
11问姓名
What’s
your
aunt’s
name?
Her
name
is
Helen./She’s
Helen.
What’s
your
first
name?
My
first
name’s
Ben.
What’s
your
family
name?
My
family
name’s
Smith.
12
问哪一个
Which
do
you
like?
I
like
one
in
the
box.
13
问字母
What
letter
is
it?
It’s
big
D/small
f.
14
问价格
How
much
are
these
pants?
They’re
15
dollars.
15
问电话号码
What’s
your
phone
number?
It’s
576-8349.
16
问谓语(动作)
What’s
he
doing?
He’s
watching
TV.
17
问职业(身份)
What
do
you
do?
I’m
a
teacher.
What’s
your
father?
He’s
a
doctor.
三、初一英语语法——时态
1、一般现在时
表示普遍、经常性的或长期性的动作时使用一般现在时，它有：
Be
动词：She’s
a
worker.
Is
she
a
worker?
She
isn’t
a
worker.
情态动词：I
can
play
the
piano.
Can
you
play
the
piano?
I
can’t
play
the
piano.
行为动词：They
want
to
eat
some
tomatoes.
Do
they
want
to
eat
any
tomatoes?
They
don’t
want
to
eat
any
tomatoes.
Gina
has
a
nice
watch.
Does
Gina
have
a
nice
watch?
Gina
doesn’t
have
a
watch.
2、现在进行时
表示动词在此时正在发生或进行就使用进行时态，结构为sb
be
v-ing
sth
+
其它.
I’m
playing
baseball.
Are
you
playing
baseball?
I’m
not
playing
baseball.
Nancy
is
writing
a
letter.
Is
Nancy
writing
a
letter?
Nancy
isn’t
writing
a
letter.
They’re
listening
to
the
pop
music.
Are
they
listening
the
pop
music?
They
aren’t
listening
to
the
pop
music.
四、初一英语语法——介词用法：
1)
具体时间前介词用at。
.
He
gets
up
at
half
past
seven
every
day.
他每天七点半起床。
She
goes
to
bed
at
eleven
o’clock.
她十一点睡觉。
2)
表示“在早上，在下午，在晚上”的短语中用介词in，且定冠词the不能省略；表示“在中午，在夜里”的短语中介词用at，不加冠词。
in
the
morning在早上，in
the
afternoon
在下午，in
the
evening
在晚上
at
noon在中午，at
night在夜里
3)
表示“在某天”、“在某天的上午、下午等”的短语用介词on。
What
do
you
usually
do
on
Monday
morning?
星期一上午你通常做什么？
Do
you
sometimes
go
out
to
eat
on
Friday
evening?
有时你星期五晚上出去吃饭吗？
He
watches
DVDs
on
Saturday
night.
星期六晚上他看DVD。
Parents
take
children
to
parks
on
June
1.
六月一日，家长们带着孩子去公园。
4)在this,last,next,every等词前面既不加介词，也不用冠词。
What
are
you
doing
this
afternoon?
今天下午你做什么？
He
visits
his
grandma
every
Friday.
他每个星期五都去看望祖母。
She
is
going
to
Shanghai
next
Monday.
她下个星期一去上海。