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小学英语句子基本结构总结

小学英语句子基本结构总结 本文关键词:句子,小学英语,结构

小学英语句子基本结构总结 本文简介:小学英语句子基本结构汇总本章主要讲解两个方面:(1)句子的成分和基本句型;(2)句子的种类。一、句子的成分和基本句型1.句子的成分主语+谓语=主题成分表语+宾语(直接/间接宾语)+宾语补足语+定语+状语=次要部分①主语subject主语是谓语讲述的对象,表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代

小学英语句子基本结构总结 本文内容:

小学英语句子基本结构汇总

本章主要讲解两个方面:(1)句子的成分和基本句型;(2)句子的种类。

一、句子的成分和基本句型

1.句子的成分

主语+谓语=主题成分

表语+宾语(直接/间接宾语)+宾语补足语+定语+状语

=次要部分

主语subject

主语是谓语讲述的对象,表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。它在句首。

We

study

in

NO.

1

Middle

School.

(we

是主语,我们在一中上学。)

The

classroom

is

very

clean.

(The

classroom

是主语,这个教室很干净。)

Three

students

were

absent.

(Three

students是主语,三个学生缺席。)

To

teach

them

English

is

my

job.

(To

teach

them

English是主语,教他们英语是我的工作)

It

is

my

job

to

teach

them

English.

(此句为特殊句式,it作形式主语,真正的主语是to

teach

them

English)

谓语predicate

说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”,谓语(谓语部分里主要的词)必须用动词。谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致,它在主语后面。

His

parents

are

doctors.他的父母是医生。

She

looks

well.她看起来不错。

We

study

hard.我们学习很刻苦。

We

have

finished

reading

the

book.我们已经读完了这本书。

He

can

speak

English.他可以说英语。

表语predicative

表语说明主语“是什么”或者“怎么样”,由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式及相当于名词或形容词的词或短语来担任。它的位置在系动词后面。

You

look

younger

than

before.你看起来比以前更年轻了。

I

am

a

teacher.我是个老师。

Every

body

is

here。

所有的人都在这。

They

are

at

home

now.他们现在在家。

My

job

is

to

teach

them

English.我的工作是教他们英语。

宾语object

宾语是动作、行为的对象,由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任,它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么,在谓语之后。

She

is

playing

the

piano

now.她现在正在弹钢琴。

He

often

helps

me.

他经常帮助我。

He

likes

to

sleep

in

the

open

air.他喜欢在室外睡觉。

We

enjoy

living

in

China.我们喜欢在中国生活。

宾语补足语object

complement

宾语后面加上一个词或一个短语用来对宾语的特征、状态等情况进行补充说明,这个词或短语叫做宾宾语补足语。它和前面的宾语一起形成“复合宾语”它可以是名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词或动词不定式等。

“宾语+宾语补足语”

=复合宾语

?Leave

the

door

open.

(open是door的宾补)让门开着。

?We

found

Li

Ming

out

when

we

arrived.

(副词out,是李明的宾补)当我们到达的时候发现李明出去了。

?Make

yourself

at

home.

(at

home副词短语做yourself的宾补)别拘束,随便。就像在自己家一样。

?I

saw

a

stranger

enter

the

building.

(enter

the

building做a

stranger的宾补)我看见一个陌生人进入了大楼。

?The

boss

kept

them

working

all

day.

(working

all

day

做them的宾补)老板让他们一整天都在工作。

?Yesterday

he

got

his

leg

broken.

(broken做his

leg的宾补)昨天他的腿受伤了。

状语adverbial

状语用来修饰动词、形容词或副词。它表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式程度等意义,一般放在句末,但有的可以放在句首、句中。

He

did

it

carefully.他认真的做这件事。

Without

his

help,we

couldn’t

work

it

out.没有他的帮助,我们不能完成这件事。

(In

order)

to

catch

up

with

my

classmates,I

must

study

hard.为了赶上我的同班同学,我必须努力学习。

定语attributive

定语用来修饰名词或代词,凡是有名词、代词的地方都可以有定语形容词、代词、数词、名词、介词短语,不定式或相当于形容词的词或短语等都可以担任定语。。

The

black

bike

is

mine.

(形容词black修饰名词bike)这个黑色的自行车是我的。

What

is

your

name?

(形容词性物主代词your修饰名词name)你叫什么名字?

They

made

paper

flowers.

(名词paper修饰名词flowers)他们制备纸花。

The

boys

in

the

room

are

in

Class

Three

Grade

One.

(介词短语in

the

room修饰名词boys)这个房间里的男孩们在一年级三班。

I

have

something

to

do.

(动词不定式to

do修饰名词something)我有一些事要做。

基本句型

第1种句型S+V

(主语+谓语)

主语+谓语(不及物动词)

?Class

begins.

(class主语,动词begins做谓语)

?We

begin

our

class

at

8.(we做主语,begin做谓语)

第2种句型S+V+O

主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语

?My

father

read

the

book.

(my

father做主语,read做谓语,the

book做宾语)

我爸爸读书

?She

likes

English.

(She做主语,likes

做谓语,English做宾语)

?I

know

him

very

well.

(I做主语,know做谓语,him做宾语)我很了解他

?He

stopped

writing.

(he做主语,stopped做谓语,writing做宾语)

?You

must

listen

to

me.(you做主语,must

listen

to做谓语,me做宾语)你必须听我的。

③第3种句型S+V+P

主语+系动词+表语

?He

became

a

scientist.

(He做主语,became做系动词,名词短语a

scientist做表语)。他成为了一个科学家。

?They

are

honest.

(They做主语,are是系动词,形容词honest是表语)他们是忠诚的。

They

are

at

home

now.

(They是主语,are是系动词,介词短语at

home是表语)他们现在在家。

My

job

is

to

teach

them

English.(My

job是主语,is是系动词,动词不定式to

teach

them

English是表语)

我的工作是教他们英语。

在句子中经常作为系动词的动词有

keep

look

smell

sound

taste

feel

grow

get

go

turn

④第4种句型S+V+IO+DO

主语+谓语(及物动词)+间接宾语+直接宾语

直接宾语是及物动词的直接对象

间接宾语表示动作是对谁做的,或是为谁做的

双宾语

:直接宾语(表示动作结果)和间接宾语(动作目标)

He

gave

Tom

a

present.

(he是主语,gave是谓语,Tom是间接宾语,a

present是直接宾语)

Give

it

to

me.

(give是谓语,it是直接宾语,me是间接宾语)

必背:p.7

间接宾语在后面时,其前必须加to(“给”)或for

(给

“替”

“为”

)

直接宾语和间接宾语的使用

间+直

当直接宾语是人称代词时,为了强调间接宾语,直+间

我把它递给我妈妈。

?I

passed

it

to

my

mother.

(it是直接宾语,my

mother是间接宾语)

她把它们扔给我。

?She

threw

them

to

me.

(them是直接宾语,me是间接宾语)

我为他找到多余的书/票。

?I

found

spare

books/tickets

for

him.

(spare

books是直接宾语,him是间接宾语)

“疑问词+不定式”

作直接宾语

他教我如何读这个单词。

?He

taught

me

how

to

read

the

word.(me是间接宾语,how

to

read

the

word是直接宾语)

我告诉他做什么。

?I

told

him

what

to

do.(him是间接宾语,what

to

do是直接宾语)

他问我为什么唱这支歌。

?He

asked

me

why

to

sing

this

song.(me是间接宾语,why

to

sing

this

song

是直接宾语)

她问我走哪条路。

?She

asked

me

which

way

to

go.(me

是间接宾语,which

way

to

go

是直接宾语)

⑤第5种句型S+V+O+OC

主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语+宾语补足语

call,name,make,think,and,leave

他们使她幸福。

?They

made

her

happy.(They

是主语,made是谓语,her是宾语,happy是宾补)

我们叫她康妮。

?We

call

her

Connie.(we是主语,call是谓语,her是宾语,Connie是宾补)

我觉得这部电影很有意思。

?I

found

the

movie

interesting.(I是主语,found是谓语,the

movie是宾语,interesting是宾补)

他让这个窗户开着。

?He

left

the

window

open.(He是主语,left是谓语,the

Window是宾语,open是宾补)

我看见她跳舞了。

?I

saw

her

dance.(I是主语,saw是谓语,her是宾语,dance是宾补)

⑥第4种句型和第5种句型

(双宾语和复合宾语)的比较

■第4种句型变为被动语态,有两种情况:

?We

sent

them

a

telegram.

我们给他们发了个电报。

→They

were

sent

a

telegram.

→A

telegram

was

sent

to

them.

■第5种句型变为被动语态时,只有一种句式。

?I

will

make

you

king.

→You

will

be

made

king.

?He

gave

me

a

book.

?He

calls

me

Tom.

宾语+宾语补足语可以形成逻辑上的主谓关系,即“我是汤姆;

间接宾语和直接宾语不存在逻辑上的主谓关系,即不能想像为“我是一本书”。

1

用所给的单词组成句子

1.to,the,box,I,want,take,to,room,heavy,the

I

want

to

take

the

heavy

box

to

the

room.

2.look,things,the,after,boys,their,must

The

boys

must

look

after

their

things.

3.here,all,are,you

You

are

all

here.

4.today,who,duty,is,on

Who

is

on

duty

today?

5.Miss,them,3

years

ago,Wang,taught,Japanese

Miss

Wang

taught

them

Japanese

3

years

ago.

6.is,rice,bag,in,there,much,the

There

is

much

rice

in

the

bag.

?

2

根据中文提示,完成下列句子

1.Have

you

ever

been

to

(最远的小岛)?

2.We

must

(保持清洁)

our

classroom.

3.They

and

(每两小时,必须坐下休息)two

hours.

4.After

work

he

always

(感到有点儿累).

5.There

is

(有点儿毛病)

with

Linda

s

cat

s

eyes.

6.I

can

see

(没有异常之物)

in

the

tree.

7.Mr.

Fang

is

(去……访问)

his

aunt.

二、句子的种类

1、陈述句

凡是说明一件事情,提出一个看法,或是表达一种心情的句子

有肯定式和否定式。句末用句号“.”,通常用降调

否定结构应注意事项

A、使用not的部分否定

如果使用了very,always以及all,both,every及every的复合词

?I

don’t

play

football

well.

?I

don’t

play

football

very

well.

?It

isn’t

always

hot

here

in

summer.

B、not的其他否定表示

a

not…at

all一点也不

我一点儿也不累。

?

I’m

not

tired

at

all.

我一点儿也不喜欢它。

?I

don’t

like

it

at

all.

b

not…any

more,not…any

longer再也不……

我再也不在这儿住了。

?I

don’t

live

here

any

longer.

我再也不能多吃了。

?I

can

not

eat

any

more.=I

can

eat

no

more.

2、祈使句

表示请求、命令、建议等。谓语动词一律用原形。通常不用主语,句末用惊叹号或句号,用降调。

1含有第二人称主语的祈使句

A、肯定式:动词原形+…(省主语)

?Stand

up.

?Be

quiet,please.

?Do

study

hard.

?Li

Ming,come

here.

?Come

here,Li

Ming

②含有第一、三人称主语的祈使句

A、肯定的祈使句

Let+第一人称(me,us)+……

Let+第三人称代词(him/her/it/them)或名词+……

咱们马上动身吧。

?Let’s

go

at

once.

?Let’s

go,shall/shan’t

we?.

?Let

us

go,will/won’t

you?

Yes,let’s/No,let’s

not.

?Let

me

try

again.

?Let

Tom

go

there

himself.

B、否定的祈使句

Let’s

(us,me)+not+动词原形+……

Don’t

let+第三人称代词的宾格或名词+动词原形

?Let’s

not

say

anything

about

it.

?Don’t

let

them

play

with

fire.

Let

them

not

play

with

fire.

3、感叹句

表示喜、怒、哀、乐等强烈感情。分为两种:一种以what引导,一种以how引导。句尾用感叹号“!”。用降调。

①what引导的感叹句:What+名词(或形容词+名词)+陈述句(主语+谓语)!

(他是个)多么诚实的人啊!

?What

an

honest

man

he

is!

(这些是)多么大的苹果啊!

?What

big

apples

these

are!

多么好的天气啊!

?What

fine

weather

it

is!

2

how引导的感叹句:How+形容词或副词+陈述句(主语+谓语)+……!

今天天气多热阿!

How

hot

it

is

today!

那凤筝飞得多么高啊!

How

high

the

kite

is

flying!

他跑的多快啊!

How

fast

he

runs!

多么诚实的人啊!

How

honest

the

man

is!

我多想当个老师阿1

How

I

want

to

be

a

teacher!

1按要求改写下列句子

1.There

is

some

milk

in

the

bottle.(改为否定句)

1.

There

isn

t

any

milk

in

the

bottle.

2.Take

the

chair

to

the

door.(改为否定句)

2.

Don

t

take

the

chair

to

the

door.

3.He

did

the

housework

yesterday.(改为否定句)

3.

He

didn

t

do

the

housework

yesterday.

4.The

ship

is

big.(改为感叹句)

4.

How

big

the

ship

is!/What

a

big

ship

it

is!

5.He

does

well

in

maths.(改为否定句)

5.

He

doesn

t

do

well

in

maths.

6.They

can

put

the

bag

in

the

box.(改为否定句)

6.

They

cannot

put

the

bag

in

the

box.

7.Give

him

a

bottle

of

milk.(改为否定句)

7.

Don

t

give

him

a

bottle

of

milk.

8.He

had

done

with

the

goods

before

he

went

away.(改为否定句)

8.

He

hadn

t

done

with

the

goods

before

he

went

away.

9.These

people

are

very

brave.(改为感叹句)

9.

How

brave

these

people

are!/What

brave

people

they

are!

10.Tom

has

strong

arms.(改为What引导的感叹句)

10.

What

strong

arms

Tom

has!

11.This

film

is

very

good.(改为How引导的感叹句)

11.

How

good

the

film

is!

12.I

want

to

be

a

doctor.(改为感叹句)

12.

How

I

want

to

be

a

doctor!

13.There

was

something

wrong

with

the

radio.(改为否定句)

13.

There

was

nothing

wrong

with

the

radio.

or:

There

wasn

t

anything

wrong

with

the

radio.

14.You

must

be

kind

to

the

other

people.(改为祈使句)

14.

Be

kind

to

the

other

people!/Do

be

kind

to

the

other

people!

15.You

mustn

t

eat

lunch

now.(改为祈使句)

15.

Don

t

eat

lunch

now!

16.Shall

we

play

tennis

after

school?(改为祈使句)

16.

Let

s

play

tennis

after

school.

17.How

cold

it

is

today!(改为肯定陈述句)

17.

It

is

very

cold

today.

18.I

think

he

will

come.(改为否定句)

18.

I

don

t

think

he

will

come.

19.He

works

very

hard.(改为HOW引导的感叹句)

19.

How

hard

he

works!

20.Let

s

go

to

see

them.(改为否定句)

20.

Let

s

not

go

to

see

them.

2汉译英

1.父亲很可怜,他几乎不会写他的名字。

1.

His

father

is

poor.

He

can

hardly

write

his

name.

2.我很少看报纸,我不知道每天都发生什么事。

2.

I

seldom

read

newspapers.

I

don‘t

know

what

has

happened

/happens

every

day.

3.我的父亲并非每天早上都到办公室去。

3.

My

father

does

not

go

to

his

office

every

morning.

4.好难的工作呀!

4.

What

a

difficult

job!

5.他跳得真高!

5.

How

high

he

jumps!

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