讲解者：郑新民，香港大学哲学博士 (PhD),上海外国语大学教授。
Editor's Remarks
编者按
英语学习不像您所想象的那么难，但也不像您所想象的那么易。要多听，多读，多练习！有了好的阅读读本，教师如何做到切合学情，面向全体，紧扣读本，圈点精彩雾都孤儿论文，分类分层，螺旋上升，巧设提问，激发思维？
《雾都孤儿》是英国作家狄更斯于1838年出版的长篇写实小说。该作以雾都伦敦为背景，讲述了一个孤儿悲惨的身世及遭遇。主人公奥利弗在孤儿院长大雾都孤儿论文，经历学徒生涯，艰苦逃难，误入贼窝，又被迫与狠毒的凶徒为伍，历尽无数辛酸，最后在善良人的帮助下，查明身世并获得了幸福。该书揭露许多当时的社会问题，如救济院、童工、以及帮派吸收青少年参与犯罪等。该书曾多次改编为电影、电视及舞台剧。今天，“郑新民谈英语教学与研究”结合《雾都孤儿》跟大家谈一谈如何指导学生读后画家谱，厘清故事中人物之间的关系，进一步增强他们的语图意识。
Hello, dear listeners, this is Prof. Zheng Xinmin from Shanghai International Studies University. In today's programme, we're going to talk about Oliver Twist written by Charles Dickens, one of Britain's most popular writers.
The storybook Oliver Twist tells about a poor boy, named Oliver Twist, born in a workhouse, who throughout the story bounces between good and bad fortune. In this story, Dickens highlights some of the terrible injustices of the time, as he sees them, including ‘baby farms', where poor orphans are kept at government expense, and suffer high death rates, and the workhouse, where the young Oliver famously asks for more food and gets horribly punished for this.
It is Oliver's bad fortune to fall into company with a gang of thieves when he runs away to London, led by Fagin. Fagin is an exaggerated character in the story but represents a real truth. There are adult criminals who organize gangs of children to work for them as 'pick-pockets.' Pick-pockets are people who by cunning and guile, steal small goods - coins, jewelry, watches and so on - literally from the pockets and purses of people on the crowded London streets. Near the end of the story, Fagin is arrested, tried, and sentenced to be hanged. This execution is done in public. Dickens himself attends one or two public executions. Obviously, we can see Dickens takes a position against the death penalty, although in his later life he changed his attitude toward this issue. However, he remains firmly against public executions.
Well, after reading the story, it is clear that family is a very important theme. So we may ask our students to draw a family tree of Oliver Twist. A family tree, to put it in a simple way, is a record of a family's lineage. On the surface, family trees are interesting bits of recorded history that help us know where we came from and possibly give some clues as to where we might be headed. For the structure of a family tree, please refer to the picture below.
While directing our students how to draw a family tree of Oliver Twist, we will tell them that this family tree has the main characters from the story and they can follow the clues to fill in the names in the boxes. And we will also need to remind them that the family tree must show the relationships and other main characters in the story.
Conclusion
结语
To conclude today's programme, as everybody can see, Charles Dickens uses the story of Oliver Twist to draw attention to many social problems in Victorian London. And even today, more than one and a half centuries after his death, Oliver Twist remains one of his most popular characters and a reminder to us all in this new era of increasing division between rich and poor. I think we are all better off if we act with kindness and care and renew our sense of social responsibility.This is Prof. Zheng Xinmin, broadcasting from Shanghai International Studies Universtiy. Thank you for being with us and goodbye until next time.
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