2018年中考英语真题分类汇编题型7书面表达专项训练五事物介绍类(含解析) 本文关键词:英语,题型,真题,年中,汇编
2018年中考英语真题分类汇编题型7书面表达专项训练五事物介绍类(含解析) 本文简介:时间:20~25分钟/篇第1篇(2018江西)(15分)书包伴我学习,伴我成长。某英文报以“MySchoolbag”为题,举办中学生征文活动。请根据下列图表信息,写一篇短文,内容包括:书包的外形特征、用途和书包背后的课业问题以及课余你期望做的事情。提示:1.短文应包括图表中的全部信息,条理清楚,行文
2018年中考英语真题分类汇编题型7书面表达专项训练五事物介绍类(含解析) 本文内容:
时间:20~25分钟/篇
第1篇(2018江西)
(15分)书包伴我学习,伴我成长。某英文报以“My
Schoolbag”为题,举办中学生征文活动。请根据下列图表信息,写一篇短文,内容包括:书包的外形特征、用途和书包背后的课业问题以及课余你期望做的事情。
提示:1.
短文应包括图表中的全部信息,条理清楚,行文连贯,段落分明;
2.
短文中不能出现真实的人名和地名;
3.
词数不少于80,开头已给出,不计入总词数。
My
Schoolbag
I
have
a
schoolbag.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
第2篇(2018郴州)
(15分)假如你是李华,你的美国朋友Jeff向你了解你校的课堂教学形式,请你根据提示内容用英语给他写封电子邮件,并谈谈你的感受。
要点提示:1.
我们的课堂是开放自由、生动有趣的。
2.
我们在课堂上经常讲故事,做游戏。
3.
老师在课堂上经常使用电脑,给我们听音乐,看录像等,使我们学到更多知识。
4.
在课堂上老师给我们足够的时间进行自主学习和自由讨论。
5.
我们有更多的机会展示自我。
要求:(1)短文须包含要点提示中的所有信息(不要逐字翻译),并在此基础上适当发挥;
(2)词数:80左右(短文开头已给出,不计入总词数);
(3)文中不得出现真实姓名、校名和地名。
可能用到的词汇:study
and
think
for
oneself,ability
of
independent
study,discuss
in
groups
freely,show/express
oneself
Dear
Jeff,
I
was
glad
to
receive
your
letter
and
I
d
like
to
tell
you
something
about
how
we
study
in
class.________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Li
Hua
第3篇(2018通辽)
(15分)今年暑假,我们学校将组织你们前往加拿大参加友好交流活动。学校要求你们写一篇有关北京的简介,以便在交流期间向外国朋友介绍。
要求:1.
使用给出的提示词(可适当发挥)。
提示词:capital
of
China,lie
in,many
places
of
interest,best
season,Chinese
traditional
food,Beijing
Opera,the
29th
Olympic
Games.
2.
词数80-100(文章的首句已经给出,不计入总词数)。
3.
语句通顺,过渡自然。
4.
文中不得出现真实的校名和人名等相关信息。
Beijing
is
the
capital
of
China.________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
第4篇(2018湖州)
(15分)下周一上午轮到你在英语课上做课堂报告,你打算把爸爸最近网购的音乐机器人(music
robot)介绍给同学们,下图是关于这个音乐机器人的广告。请你根据所提供的信息写一份发言稿。
注意:(1)选择所给信息进行介绍,建议举例说明并适当发挥;
(2)必须谈谈你对音乐机器人的看法;
(3)文中不得出现真实的姓名和校名;
(4)词数:80-100。短文开头已给出,不计入总词数。
参考词汇:提醒
remind.of
connect.
to
the
Internet
provide
services
短文首句:Good
morning,everyone!
Here,I
d
like
to
introduce
the
music
robot
my
father
bought
online.________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
专项训练五
事物介绍类
第1篇
【审题指导】
1.
本文是命题作文,题目是“My
Schoolbag”,要求介绍书包的外形特征、用途和书包背后的课业问题及课余你期望做的事情。注意文章要条理清楚,段落分明;
2.
内容包括图表中的全部信息,不能有遗漏;
3.
介绍书包的相关情况,用一般现在时,人称使用第三人称。
【写作指导】
我的书包
要点提示
素材串联
开头:外观、用途及评价
1.
书包的外观特点(big
and
green)2.
书包的用途3.
对书包的评价
正文:带来的问题
1.
太多的作业(lots
of
schoolwork)2.
没有足够的睡眠时间
结尾:课余自己期望做的事情
希望有更多的自由时间做自己喜欢做的事情(relax
myself;
listen
to
music;
watch
my
favorite
TV
programs;
visit
some
interesting
places)
【高分范本】
My
Schoolbag
I
have
a
schoolbag.
It
s
big
and
green.
It
costs
50
yuan.In
my
schoolbag,there
are
textbooks,workbooks,notebooks
and
a
red
pencil-box
with
pens,pencils,rulers
and
erasers
in
it.
I
put
my
drinking
bottle
in
its
side
pockets.
As
you
know,there
are
so
many
books
in
my
schoolbag,so
it
s
very
heavy.
Every
day
I
have
to
finish
lots
of
schoolwork
from
most
of
the
subjects.
I
have
no
enough
time
to
sleep.
I
am
really
tired.I
need
to
relax
myself.
I
expect
to
do
what
I
want.
I
want
to
listen
to
music
or
watch
my
favorite
TV
programs
after
school.
I
hope
my
parents
will
take
me
to
visit
some
interesting
places
and
get
to
know
the
outside
world
during
holidays.
I
have
to
keep
a
balance
between
study
and
rest.
第2篇
【审题指导】
1.
本文围绕课堂教学形式展开,写作时要包含5点提示,同时要注意描述个人感受;
2.
讲述课堂教学形式,时态主要用一般现在时,人称主要使用第一人称。
【写作指导】
中国的课堂
要点提示
素材串联
开头:引出全文话题
已给出
正文:详细介绍课堂情景
1.
开放自由、生动有趣(open
and
free)
2.
在课堂上经常讲故事,做游戏(tell
stories;play
games)
3.
在课堂上使用电脑听音乐、看录像等(listen
to
music;
watch
videos)
4.
自主学习和自由讨论(independent
study)
5.
展示自我(express
ourselves/show
our
talents)
【高分范本】
Dear
Jeff,
I
was
glad
to
receive
your
letter
and
I
d
like
to
tell
you
something
about
how
we
study
in
class.
Now
our
classes
are
open
and
free.
All
of
our
classmates
feel
the
classes
are
interesting
and
lively
as
we
often
tell
stories
and
play
games.
Thus,we
can
not
only
learn
but
also
have
fun.
The
teachers
often
use
the
computer
in
class.
We
can
learn
more
by
listening
to
music
and
watching
videos.
Our
teachers
give
us
enough
time
to
study
and
think
for
ourselves
to
develop
our
ability
of
independent
study.
We
also
have
more
chances
to
discuss
in
groups
freely,so
we
can
learn
how
to
communicate
with
each
other
and
learn
from
each
other.
Sometimes
we
even
express
ourselves/show
our
talents
in
front
of
the
whole
class.
And
we
can
ask
questions
during
or
after
class
freely.
Li
Hua
第3篇
【审题指导】
1.
本文要求写一篇关于北京的说明介绍文,可从位置、景点介绍、最佳旅游时间、饮食文化、民情、交通等方面入手,注意运用已给的提示词;写作时,可使用there
be句型,条件状语从句等;
2.
写作中,以第二人称为主,时态用一般现在时。
【写作要点】
位置地理位置
位于中国北方(lies
in),政治、经济、文化中心(the
centers
of.)
景点介绍
很多景点(places
of
interest):长城(the
Great
Wall)、紫禁城(the
Forbidden
City)、天安门广场(Tian
anmen
Square)
最佳旅游时间
春天,五月;秋天,十月最佳(Spring;
Autumn)
饮食、文化
烤鸭(Beijing
Roast
Duck),京剧(Beijing
Opera)
民情
友好、好客(friendly
and
hospitable)
交通
地铁通往任何方向,很方便(subway;
convenient;
in
all
directions)
【高分范本】
Beijing
is
the
capital
of
China.
It
lies
in
the
north
of
China.
It
is
the
centers
of
culture,politics
and
economics
of
China.
There
are
many
places
of
interest
in
Beijing,such
as
the
Great
Wall,the
Forbidden
City,Tian
anmen
Square
and
so
on.
I
like
the
Great
Wall
best,because
it
is
the
longest
wall
in
the
world.
The
best
seasons
in
Beijing
are
Spring
in
May
and
Autumn
in
October.
If
you
like
to
travel,you
can
come
to
Beijing
in
May
or
October.
And
you
can
enjoy
not
only
eating
Chinese
traditional
food——Beijing
Roast
Duck
but
also
watching
Beijing
Opera.
And
you
can
find
all
kinds
of
interesting
things
in
Beijing.
The
people
in
Beijing
are
friendly
and
hospitable.
The
new
subways
are
very
convenient
in
all
directions.
The
29th
Olympic
Games
was
held
successfully
in
Beijing
in
2008.
It
let
the
world
know
more
about
Beijing
and
China.
So
welcome
to
travel
to
Beijing.
You
ll
love
it!
第4篇
【审题指导】
1.
本文要求写一篇发言稿,主要内容是介绍音乐机器人,文体为说明文;根据提示内容可知这个音乐机器人可以提供天气查询,百科问答,语音提醒和新闻资讯等信息,写作中注意要涉及这些提示信息,同时要进行适当举例说明,丰富内容;
2.
根据所给广告说明进行介绍,时态以一般现在时为主,人称以第三人称为主。
【写作指导】
音乐机器人
要点提示
素材串联
开头:开门见山,直接入题
已给出
正文:介绍机器人的外形和功能
1.
它个头很小(small,carry
in
backpack)
2.
具有各种功能(different
kinds
of
)
3.
音乐播放(play
songs)
4.
天气预报甚至学习问题(weather
or
even
your
problems
in
study)
5.
日期提醒(remind
you
of
important
dates)
结尾:介绍自己的感受,呼应开头
感到惊讶,因为它让我的生活更快乐,更方便(amazed,makes
my
life
more
enjoyable
and
convenient)
【高分范本】
Good
morning,everyone!
Here,I
d
like
to
introduce
the
music
robot
my
father
bought
online.It
is
small,so
you
can
even
carry
it
in
your
backpack.
After
you
connect
it
to
the
Internet
and
speak
to
it,it
can
provide
different
kinds
of
services.
For
example,you
just
say,“Ding
Dong,I
want
to
listen
to
SHE
s
song”,
and
it
will
play
their
songs
immediately.
You
can
also
ask
it
about
weather
or
even
your
problems
in
study.
Besides,it
can
remind
you
of
important
dates
and
so
on.
I
am
so
amazed
at
my
music
robot
because
it
makes
my
life
more
enjoyable
and
convenient.
I
really
love
it.
篇2:八年级英语下unit6单元知识总结新目标
八年级英语下unit6单元知识总结新目标 本文关键词:英语,八年级,新目标,单元,知识
八年级英语下unit6单元知识总结新目标 本文简介:Unit6Howlonghaveyoubeencollectingshells?一.【单元目标】Ⅰ.单词与短语collectmarathonskatepairsinceraiseseveralstampkitemonsterglobeanyonestorecakeparticularlycollec
八年级英语下unit6单元知识总结新目标 本文内容:
Unit
6
How
long
have
you
been
collecting
shells?
一.【单元目标】
Ⅰ.单词与短语
collect
marathon
skate
pair
since
raise
several
stamp
kite
monster
globe
anyone
store
cake
particularly
collector
common
extra
topic
capital
thousand
quite
certain
miss
in
fact
其实;实际上
run
out
of
用完;用尽
by
the
way
顺便;附带说说
be
interested
in
对……感兴趣
more
than
比……多
make
a
list
of
列清单
thanks
for
doing
sth.
感谢某人做了某事
think
of
/
about
sth.
想起某事
Ⅱ.目标句型:
1.
How
long
have
you
been
doing…?
2.
I’ve
been
doing…since…
3.
How
long
did
sb.
do…?
4.
He
/
She
did
sth.
for…
5.
What
do
you
collect?
6.
When
did
you
start?
7.
How
many
do
you
have?
8.
What
do
you
like
to
collect
in
the
future?
9.
What
is
the
most
common/unusual/interesting
hobby?
Ⅲ.语法
现在完成进行时
二.【重难点分析】
1.
现在完成进行时
构成:肯定句:主语
+
have
/
has
been
+
doing
否定句:主语+have/has+not+been+doing
一般疑问句:Have/Has+主语+been+doing?
现在完成进行时表达“某一动作从过去开始一直持续到现在,有可能还要持续下去”,现在完成进行时的句子中多用延续性动词,如:live,learn,study,work等。
(1)I
have
been
learning
English
for
ten
years.
我学英语已经十年了。
(2)She
has
been
skating
for
four
hours.
到现在为止她滑冰已经有四个小时了。
(3)I
have
been
collecting
stamps
since
I
was
ten
years
old.
我从十岁起就一直在集邮。
在这几个句子中,have和has是助动词,疑问形式需把助动词提前,否定形式在have或has后面加not,have
not和has
not可以分别缩写成haven’t和hasn’t,如:
(1)Have
you
been
doing
your
homework
since
this
morning?
从今天早晨起你就一直在写作业吧?
(2)Has
he
been
writing
the
letters
to
his
friend?
他是一直在给他的朋友写信吗?
(3)I
haven’t
been
seeing
films
for
a
long
time.
我有很长时间没有看电影了。
(表明没有看电影这个动作从过去一直持续到现在,还要继续持续下去。)
2.现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别:
(1)现在完成时强调动作的完成,而现在完成进行时侧重的是动作的持续进行。
I
have
read
a
book
about
birds.
(已经读完)
I
have
been
reading
a
book
about
birds.(一直都在读,现在还在读,有可能会继续读下去)
(2)两种时态都有延续性,
但现在完成时往往只说明一个事实,一种影响或结果,无感情色彩;现在完成进行时表示一个动作的延续、重复,有时有一定的感情色彩。
She
has
been
singing
all
the
day.
她都唱了一整天了。(抱怨、厌烦)
三.【重点词汇】
1.
since的用法:
(1)conj.
①(引导时间状语从句,从句中常用过去时,主句用一般时态或完成时)自从……以来;……以后
It
was
years
since
l
had
seen
her.自从我见到她(到那时)又过去好几年了。
his
just
a
week
since
we
arrived
here.我们到这儿刚好有一周了。
②(引起原因状语从句,通常置于句首)既然;因为
Since
he
says
so,it
must
be
true.
既然他这么说,那一定是真的。
(2)prep.
自……以来
I
have
lived
here
since
childhood.自小我就住在这儿。
He
hasn
t
been
home
sincel993.1993年以来他还没有回过家。
(3)adv.
①(与完成时态连用)从那以后;后来
②以前
He
left
the
city
in
1985
and
has
returned
only
once
since.
他1985年离开这座城市,自那以后只回来过一次。
(4)构成短语:ever
since
从那以后(一直)
long
since
很久以前;早已
2.
since,from和for
(1)from是介词,后接名词、动名词,表示事情的开始点,以from短语作状语时,句中的谓语动词可用一般现在、过去和将来时,如:
The
movie
is
on
from
8:00
p.m.
to
10:00
p.m.
这个电影在晚上8点到10点上映。
They
chatted
at
the
meeting
from
beginning
to
end.他们在会议上自始至终都在聊天。
(2)since则为介词或从属连接词,其后接名词、动名词或从句,表示从某一特定时间起直至现在或过去某一特定时间为止,依然继续着的事情的开始点,在以此为时间状语的句子中,谓语动词常用完成时。
Many
things
have
happened
since
they
came
here.自他们来这儿以后,发生了许多事情。
The
teacher
said
that
John
had
made
great
progress
since
last
semester.…从上个学期以来约翰取得了很大的进步。
(3)for
是介词,后接名词,可以用来计算持续的时间,表示事情从开始到结束所持续的时间,谓语动词常用过去时或完成时,for与一般现在时连用,表示时间一直持续到将来。
用心
爱心
专心
The
meeting
lasted
for
hours.
会议持续了几个小时。
I
studied
the
piano
for
three
years.
我学过三年钢琴。
I
ve
known
her
for
five
years.
我认识她已经五年了。How
long
are
you
here
for?
你在这里要待到什么时候?
3.
favorite
作名词,指“最爱的物品”,favorite也可作形容词,作形容词比较级和最高级形式。
My
favorite
food
is
dumpling.我最喜欢的食物是饺子。
4.
stop表示“停止,结束,阻止”
The
light
turned
red.I
have
to
stop.
红灯亮了,我不得不停下来。
(1)stop作名词,意为“车站,站点”。
I
get
off
at
the
next
bus
stop.我在下一站下车。
(2)stop作动词,意为“停止”,常用于stop
doing
sth.结构中,表示“停止做某事”,指停止正在做的事。
The
students
stop
talking.学生停止了讲话。(动名词talking作宾语)
(3)stop
to
do
sth.
则表示“停下来去做某事”,指停止原来的事去做另外一件事。
The
students
stop
to
talk.学生们停下来(开始)讲话。(不定式to
talk作目的状语)
We
should
stop
to
have
a
rest.我们应该停下来休息一会儿。
(4)stop
sb.(from)doing
sth.
表示“叫某人停止做某事,阻止某人做某事”。
What
can
stop
me(my)going?
有什么能阻止我去呢?
Nothing
shall
stop
us
from
studying.什么都不能阻止我们学习。
5.
have
to
do
sth.
表示“不得不做某事”,指客观条件的“不得不”
I
have
to
finish
the
work
by
myself.
我不得不自己完成这项工作。
6.
run
out
of…
意为“从……地方跑出来;用光……”
Class
is
over.The
students
run
out
of
the
classroom.
下课了,学生们从教室里冲了出来。
四.【课文解析】
1.
How
long
have
you
been
in
class
today?
你今天上了多长时间的课?(或你在课堂多长时间?)
(1)how
long
“多长”或“多长时间”。对长度或时间段提问。
--
How
long
have
you
learned
English?
你学英语多长时间了?
--
For
two
years.
两年了。
(2)in
class
在上课;在课堂上,其反义词为out
of
class
“在课外”。
We
should
read
more
books
out
of
class.
我们在课外应该多读些书。
I
have
been
in
class
for
one
hour.
我上了一个小时的课。
(3)现在完成时
①表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响。
I
have
seen
the
film
many
times.这部电影我已看过多次。(已经非常了解这部电影)
②表示过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在的动作。
I
have
lived
here
since
2001.自从2001年以来,我一直住在这儿。(“住”这动作延续到现在)
③构成:“have/has+过去分词”构成。
--Where
is
Jim
and
Mike?
吉姆和迈克在哪儿?
--They
have
gone
to
the
Great
Wall.
他们去游长城了。
2.
Alison
was
the
first
one
to
start.艾丽森是第一个开始(滑)的。
(1)“be
the
first
/
second…+n.
+
to
do…”表示“……是第一/
二个做某事的”。
He
is
the
last
one
to
leave
here.
他是最后—个离开这里的。
She
was
the
first
one
to
get
to
the
school.她是第一个到校的。
(2)to
start在这里是动词不定式作定语。
3.
I
d
like
to
collect
stamps
because
they
are
interesting.我喜欢集邮,因为它们特别有趣。
(1)would
like
to
do表示“想要做某事”。
Would
you
like
to
come
to
join
my
birthday
party?
你愿意来参加我的生日晚会吗?
(2)collect意为“收集,搜集”,常用作及物动词,后跟名词或代词作宾语。
I
like
collecting
all
kinds
Of
Chinese
stamps
very
much.我非常喜欢收集各种中国邮票。
4.Thanks
for
sending
me
the
snow
globe
of
the
monster.
非常感谢您送我怪兽雪花球形玻璃器。
(1)thanks
for…相当于thank
you
for…意为“为……感谢你”,后多跟名词短语或动名词。
Thanks
for
your
last
letter.
谢谢你的上封来信。
(2)send
sb.
Sth.相当于send
sth.
to
sb.
表示“送给某人某物”
He
sent
me
a
present
for
my
birthday.
He
sent
a
present
to
me
for
my
birthday.我过生日他送了我一件礼物。
5.
By
the
way,what
s
your
hobby?
顺便提一下,你的个人爱好是什么?
(1)这是一个特殊疑问句的简单句,by
the
way在句中作插入语。介词短语by
the
way意思是“且说,顺便提一下,还有”,常用来介绍一般性的话题,或在脑子里突然想起的事情。
We
shall
expect
you,by
the
way,dinner
will
be
at
eight.我们正在等着你,还有晚饭是八点开。
I
was
reading
when
the
earthquake
occurred,by
the
way,it
was
“The
Last
Day
of
Pompeii”.
地震发生时我在看书,顺便提一下,我看的是“庞培城的末日”。
By
the
way,have
you
seen
her
lately?
顺便问一下,你近来见过她吗?
(2)名词hobby表示“爱好”是可数名词。
Your
hobby
is
reading.
你的爱好是看书。
One
of
my
hobbies
is
astronomy.
我的爱好之一是天文学。
Plenty
of
men
are
excellent
cooks
as
a
hobby.
很多男人菜做得好,只是作为一种爱好。
6.It
made
me
think
about
differences
in
food
cultures
between
China
and
western
countries.
它使我想起了中国和西方国家在饮食文化方面的差异。
(1)make
使役动词“使;让”,后面接不定式作宾语补足语时,不带to,类似的还有let和have。
He
made
the
students
laugh.他把同学们逗笑了。
The
children
must
be
made
to
clean
their
own
room.
必须叫孩子们打扫自己的房间。
Aunt
Li
tried
to
make
us
stay
for
supper.
李大婶要留我们吃晚饭。
(2)think
about
考虑;回想,想起;认为
think
about
a
plan
考虑一项计划
I
always
think
about
her
when
it
snows.每当下雪的时候,我总是想起她。
What
do
you
think
about
the
film
last
night?
你认为昨晚的电影怎么样?
He
was
thinking
about
the
time
he
spent
in
the
army.他正在回想他在部队度过的日子。
We
need
to
think
about
the
plan.我们需要考虑一下这个计划。
(3)介词between表示在二者之间
There
is
a
fence
between
his
garden
and
our
garden.
在他的花园和我们的花园之间有一道栅栏。
You
re
to
sit
between
Moira
and
me.
你坐在莫伊娜和我之间。
五.【词语辨析】
1.
every和each
(1)each一定数目中的“每一个”;“个别”意义较重,表示各有不同,更强调个人或个别。
Each
one
has
his
weakness.
每人都有每人的弱点。
(2)every数目不确定的许多人或物中间的“每一个”;“总合”意义较重,表示“大家一致”。
Every
one
of
us
is
here.
我们都到了。
(3)each可作主语、同位语、定语和状语,而every只能作定语。
2.
interest,interesting与interested
(1)interest作名词,意为“兴趣,趣味”,用作动词时指“使(人)产生兴趣”。
He
shows
an
interest
in
music.他对音乐感兴趣。
What
you
said
interests
me.你的话引起了我的兴趣。
(2)interesting作形容词,指“有趣的,引起兴趣的”,可作表语或定语,指物或人本身能引起兴趣。
The
film
is
very
interesting.
电影非常有趣。
He
is
an
interesting
man.
他是一个有趣的人。
(3)interested是由动词interest加-ed构成的形容词。意为“感兴趣的”,其主语一般是人,常用于be/get/become
interested
in结构中,表示“对……感兴趣”。
When
he
was
only
a
child,he
got
interested
in
science.当他还是个孩子时,就对科学产生了兴趣。
3.
how
long,how
often
与
how
soon
(1)how
long
的意思是“有多长”,用来提问有多长时间,答语通常是more
than
two
weeks
等表示一段时间的话。
--How
long
are
you
going
to
stay
here?
你打算在这里待多久?
--Five
days.
5天。
--How
long
did
he
live
in
China?
他在中国住了多长时间?
--More
than
two
years.
两年多。
(2)how
often的意思是“多长时间一次”,用来提问在某一特定的时间内进行某个动作的次数,答语通常是never,sometimes,quite
often,usually,three
times
a
year等表示频度的副词或短语。
--How
often
do
you
go
to
the
library?
你多长时间去一次图书馆?
--Once
a
day.
一天一次。
(3)how
soon用来询问“需要多长时间能,过多久”,谓语动词多用终止性动词,即某一动作要花多长时间才能完成或发生,常与将来时连用,答语常用in
a
week/month/year等。
--How
soon
can
you
finish
the
work?
你完成那项工作还要多久?
--May
be
in
three
days.大概3天后。
--How
soon
will
he
get
here?他到这儿需要多久?
--In
half
an
hour.半小时。
4.
have与must
have
to与must都有“必须”的意思,但有其不同之处:
(1)have
to有时态和人称变化,带有客观因素,意思是“不得不”;must无时态和人称变化,后面接不带to的不定式,带有主观因素,意思是“必须,一定”。
I
have
to
go
now.It
s
dark.
我必须得走了。天已黑了。
I
must
go.
我得走了。
(2)must
not表示“不许,一定不能”;don
t
have
to表示“不必”。
You
mustn
t
go
now.
你现在不许走。
You
don
t
have
to
go
so
early.
你不必走那么早。
(3)Must
I…?的否定回答是No,you
needn
t.或No,you
don
t
have
to.
--Must
I
stay
here
now?
我必须留在这吗?
--NO,you
needn
t./you
don
t
have
to.
不,你不必。
5.
fairly与rather
fairly与rather同义但用法不同:
fairly一般指(褒义的)理想的情形,rather一般指(贬义的)不太理想的情形。例如:
The
weather
is
fairly
fine
today.今天的天气相当好。
The
weather
was
rather
bad
yesterday.昨天的天气相当不好。
It
is
a
fairly
easy
question.
这是一个相当容易的问题。(容易而适当)
It
is
a
rather
easy
question.
这是一个相当容易的问题。(大容易了而不适当)
Unit
6
How
long
have
you
been
collecting
shells?
补充材料
1.
Each
的具体用法:
1.
adj.各个的;各自的;每一个的。置于单数可数名词前。
Each
car
has
a
steering
wheel.
每辆车都有方向盘。
My
uncle
gave
a
present
to
each
one
of
us.
2.
pron.
各个;各自。谓语动词用单数形式。
Each
has
his
own
task.每个人都有自己的工作
Each
of
the
students
broughta
a
dictionary.
学生各自带词典来。
3.
room
做空间讲时,是不可数名词。
Is
there
any
room
for
me
in
the
car?
车上还有座位让我坐吗?
There
was
no
room
to
turn
around
in
the
narrow
road.
那条狭窄的道路没有转弯的空间。
4.
Teach
的用法:
1.
teach
sb.
sth.
=
teach
sth.
to
sb.
She
taught
me
music
last
year.=
She
taught
music
to
me
last
year.
2.
teach
+
doing
sth
教做…
She
taught
singing.他教唱歌。
4.
teach
sb
to
do
sth.
教某人做某事
My
father
taught
us
to
swim.
5.
teach
sb.
+
that
从句
“教育人…”.
History
teaches
us
that
war
is
wrong.
历史告诉我们战争是错误的。
He
taught
me
how
to
operate
a
computer.
他教我如何操作电脑。
5.
Start
的用法:
Start
doing
sth
开始做…
强调动作持续下去
Start
to
do
sth
开始去做某事
强调动作的开始
Start
off
“出发;动手;启程”
We
started
off
from
the
front
gate.
我们从前门出发。
Start
with
…
“以…开始”
We
started
the
meal
with
soup.
我们的头一道菜是汤。
6.whether和if的区别
I
don’t
know
whether
/
if
she
will
be
able
to
come.
我不知道她是否能来。
whether可以与or
not连用,or
not可以紧跟在whether之后,也可以置于从句末尾;if一般不能和or
not连用。
Whether
it
rains
or
not,the
are
determined
to
go.
无论晴雨,他们都决定去。
He
asked
whether
they
should
go
or
stay.
他问他们是应该去还是留下来。
7.The
+
比较级,
the
+
比较级。
越…
越…
The
more,the
better.
多多益善
The
more
you
have,the
more
you
want.
拥有越多,欲望越大。
More
and
more
越来越…
English
is
more
and
more
interesting
to
me
.
More
or
less
或多或少;多少有点;差不多
She
is
more
or
less
beautiful.
她颇有姿色。
No
more
=
not
…
any
more
不再;也不;
也没有
once
more
再一次;再次。
More
than
大于
more…
than…
比…
更…
篇3:医学影像学报告常用英语词汇
医学影像学报告常用英语词汇 本文关键词:英语词汇,医学影像,常用,报告
医学影像学报告常用英语词汇 本文简介:一、部位location:同侧ipsilateral;对侧contralateral;患侧affectedside;健侧intactside;近侧proximalside;远侧distalside;移位deviation,shift,displacement;无移位nondisplaced;抬高el
医学影像学报告常用英语词汇 本文内容:
一、部位
location:
同侧
ipsilateral;对侧
contralateral;患侧
affected
side;健侧
intact
side;近侧
proximal
side;远侧
distal
side;
移位
deviation,shift,displacement;无移位
nondisplaced;抬高
elevation;下降
descent,fall;
邻接
abutting,next
to,secondary
to;
二、范围
extent:
局限
localized,regional;弥散
diffuse;
三、分布
distribution:
单侧
unilateral;双侧
bilateral,(in)both(lung
fields);对称
symmetric;不对称
asymmetric;孤立
solitary;散在
scattered;融合
confluence(confluent);中心性
central;偏心性
eccentric;周围的
periphery,peripheral;主要
predominantly,primarily;in
a
segmental
or
lobar
distribution;(sth)
on
the
left;in
the
left
lower
zone;稀疏;集中;
四、数目
number:
单发
solitary,single;多发
multiple;
增多
increase;减少
decrease;消失
disappear;
五、大小
size:
大
large;小
small;
扩大
enlarge/enlargement;扩张
dilatation;膨胀
distention;缩小
shrink;体积缩小
loss
of
volume;狭窄
stenosis,narrowing;闭塞
occlusion,obliteration,emphraxis;
生长速率
rate
of
growth;倍增时间
doubling
time;
直径小于3厘米
less
than
3cm
in
diameter;不超过1厘米
(small
nodules)10
mm
or
less
in
size;直径增长25%
25%
increase
in
diameter;体积增大一倍
doubling
of
volume;
大小不同的
of
varying
sizes;
六、形状
shape,morphology:
点状
dot(punctual,punctate);斑点状
mottling,stippled;粟粒状
miliary;结节状
nodular;团块状
mass,masslike;圆形
circular,round,rounded;卵圆形
oval;椭圆形
ellipse;长方形(椭圆形)oblong;分叶状
lobulated;片状
patchy;条索
stripe;线状
linar;网状
reticular;囊状
cystic;弧线形
curvilinear;星状
stellate;纠集
crowding,converging;舟状
boat-shaped,navicular,scaphoid;哑铃状
dumb-bell;不规则形
irregular;
细致
fine;粗糙
coarse;
变形
deformity;增粗、增厚
thicken;变细、变薄
thinning;变平
flattened;
七、边缘
border,margin(marginated),rim,edge(edged);轮廓(外形)outline,contour;
光滑
(smooth);
清晰,锐利(sharp,well-defined,well-circumscribed,clear,distinct);
模糊
hazy,indistinct,blurred,ill-defined,obscured,silhouette
out
(sth);不规则
irregular;毛刺状、针状
spiculated;分叶的
lobulated,multilobulated;
八、
密度
density(dense),densitometry,attenuation(X线成像):
透亮
lucency(lucent),transparent;
病灶
lesion:阴影
shadow;不透光
haziness,opacification,opacity,opaque;致密
density(dense);
低密度
hypodense,low
density;高密度
hyperdense,high
density;混杂密度
mixed
density;
solid,subsolid(part
solid),ground-glass(nonsolid)
回声
echo(echoic)(超声成像):
无回声anecho,弱回声
poor
echo,低回声
hypoecho,low
level
echo;等回声
medium
echo,iso-echo,高回声
hyper
echo,high
level
echo,强回声
strong
echo;
信号
signal(磁共振成像):
低信号
hypointensity;高信号
hyperintensity;
九、程度:
轻度
mild;slightly;中度
moderately;重度
severe;grossly;
十、变化:
一过性的,短暂的
ephemeral;fleeting;transient;
稳定
stability(stable);
密度
水样密度
watery
density
等密度
isodense
均匀密度
homogeneous
density
不均匀密度
nonhomogeneous
density
信号
等信号
isointensity
混合信号
heterogeneous
intensity
信号强度减弱
decreased
signal
intensity
信号强度增高
increased
signal
intensity
流空现象
flow
empty
phenomena
增强
enhancement
静脉团注法
intravenous
bolus
injection
technique
静脉快速滴注法
intravenous
rapid
infusion
增强扫描
enhancement
scan
延迟扫描
delayed
scan
动态扫描
dynamic
scan
电影扫描
cine
scan
增强前
pre-enhancement
pre-contrast
增强后
post-enhancement
post-contrast
动脉期
arterial
phase
微血管期
capillary
phase
静脉期
venous
phase
延迟期
delayed
phase
均匀增强
homogeneous
enhancement
不均匀增强
nonhomegeneous
enhancement
环状增强
circular
enhancement
结节状增强
nodular
enhancement
片状增强
patchy
enhancement
脑回样增强
gyriform
enhancement
边缘增强
rim
enhancement
平片与体位
常规位置:standard
views;
补充位置:supplementary
views;
前后位
AP,anteroposterior;
后前位
PA,posteroanterior;
侧位
lateral;
斜位
oblique;
轴位
axial;
切线位
tangential;
眼眶
orbit
鼻窦后前23°位、华氏位、顶颏位
occipitomental,Waters;
眼眶后前37°位、柯氏位、鼻颌位、枕额位
occipitofrontal,Caldwell;
视神经孔后前位,瑞氏位
Rhese;
颞骨
temporal
bone
乳突侧位:
15°侧位,劳氏位
Law;
25°侧位,许氏位
Schuller;
35°侧位,伦氏位
Runstrom;
斜位:
后前(45°)斜位,斯氏位
Stenvers;
前后斜位、反斯氏位;
岩部轴位:
(仰卧45°)梅氏位
Mayer;
欧文氏位
Owen;
岩部前后位
AP
axial,Towne;
拇指
thumb
拇指前后位
Robert;
手
hand
后前斜位
pronation
oblique;
前后斜位
supination
oblique,ball-catcher
s
腕
wrist
舟骨位
scaphoid;
腕管位
carpal
tunnel;
肘
elbow
小头位
capitellum,
鹰嘴位
olecranon;
髋
hip
侧位(蛙形位)
frog-leg,
侧位(仰卧水平投照)cross-table
lateral,groin
lateral;
颈椎
cervical
spine
第1、2颈椎前后位,张口位
open-mouth,OMV;
胸部
chest
侧卧位
lateral
decubitus,
前凸位(前后位及后前位)
apical
lordotic;
前弓位
kyphotic;
附:
床旁
portable;
呼气像
expiratory;
高千伏摄影
high
kilovoltage
radiography;
腹部
abdomen
腹平片
plain
abdominal
radiograph,abdominal
plain
film
尿路仰卧前后位,尿路平片:KUB,plain
film
of
kidney,ureters,bladder
(仰卧)前后位
supine
abdominal
radiograph;
立位
upright
abdominal
radiograph;
乳腺
breast
钼靶X线摄影:mammogram,molybdenum
target
radiography;