给英语写作初学者的十条建议 本文关键词:初学者,十条,英语写作,建议
给英语写作初学者的十条建议 本文简介:人最难的不是跟别人讨教经验,最难的是把别人的经验听进去,并应用到实践当中。(Themostdifficultthingisnottoaskforadvice,butlistentotheadviceandpractiseit.)自己读大学的时候,不知道辅修什么专业,打电话回家。爸爸努力帮我打听了一番
给英语写作初学者的十条建议 本文内容:
人最难的不是跟别人讨教经验,最难的是把别人的经验听进去,并应用到实践当中。(The
most
difficult
thing
is
not
to
ask
for
advice,but
listen
to
the
advice
and
practise
it.)
自己读大学的时候,不知道辅修什么专业,打电话回家。爸爸努力帮我打听了一番,姑姑(有点远的亲戚)说法律很好,这个很有前途。我却选择了会计。
如果我选择了法律,并且坚持下去,那在这几年强烈需要法律知识、强烈意识到法律的重要性的时候,我就会有底很多。
再想,如果当年会计学好了,或许也是很好的出路。
……
这样,我纠结了。
好吧,言归正传,正文如下:
10
Practical
Tips
on
Good
English
Writing
1.
Think
clearly
before
you
write.
Only
when
you
can
think
clearly
can
you
write
an
article
with
clear
logic
and
reasoning.
2.
Narrow
down
your
topic
to
the
one
that
you
can
handle
within
your
capabilities
and
required
word
limit.
3.
Write
in
the
voice
of
an
adult.
4.
Use
a
clear
structure
and
develop
the
paragraph
by
your
argumentation
methods.
5.
Use
details
and
facts.
6.
Avoid
using
the
same
word
to
begin
each
sentence.
Though
repeated
beginning
sometimes
can
create
a
parallel
structure
and
certain
atmosphere,it
may
also
have
the
risk
of
dulling/boring
readers.
For
beginners
of
English
writing,this
tip
is
especially
useful
and
helpful.
7.
Use
different
sentence
structures
(compound
sentences,complex
sentences,special
structures
like
inversion).
8.
Make
good
use
of
transitional
words.
9.
In
selection
of
words,use
the
more
precise
or
accurate
one.
10.
Make
a
natural
ending.
The
concluding
sentence
is
not
a
must.
Let
the
paragraph
end
smoothly
and
naturally.
篇2:对初中英语非谓语动词的全面总结
对初中英语非谓语动词的全面总结 本文关键词:动词,初中英语,非谓语
对初中英语非谓语动词的全面总结 本文简介:对非谓语动词的全面总结(一)动词不定式在句中做前一个动词的宾语。记住下列形式:(仅限于初中范畴)1.wanttodosth想要做2.wouldliketodosth想要做3.hopetodosth希望做4.wishtodosth希望做5.decidetodosth决定做6.plantodosth计划
对初中英语非谓语动词的全面总结 本文内容:
对非谓语动词的全面总结
(一)动词不定式在句中做前一个动词的宾语。
记住下列形式:(仅限于初中范畴)
1.want
to
do
sth想要做
2.would
like
to
do
sth想要做
3.hope
to
do
sth希望做
4.wish
to
do
sth希望做
5.decide
to
do
sth决定做
6.plan
to
do
sth计划做
7.fail
to
do
sth做某事失败
8.agree
to
do
sth同意做
9.learn
to
do
sth学会做
10happen
to
do
sth偶然发生
11.need
to
do
sth需要做
12.be
sure
to
do
sth确定做
13.seem
to
do
sth似乎要发生
14.try/do
one’s
best
to
do
sth尽力做
15
.can’twait
to
do
sth迫不及待做
(二)动词不定式在句中作宾语补足语。
1.want
sb
to
do
sth想让某人做
2.would
like
sb
to
do
sth想让某人做
3.wish
sb
to
do
sth希望某人做(不能用hope)
4.agree
sb
to
do
sth同意某人做
5.ask
sb(
not
)to
do
sth让某人(不)做
6.tell
sb
to
do
sth告诉某人做
7.allow
sb
to
do
sth允许某人做
8.advise
sb
to
do
sth建议某人做
9.encourage
sb
to
do
sth鼓励某人做
12.invite
sb
to
do
sth邀请某人做
13.teach
sb
to
do
sth教会某人做
(三)接省to不定式做宾语补足语的动词有:(使役动词)
1.make
sb
do
sth使某人做
2.let
sb.do
sth让某人做
3.have
sb
do
sth使某人做
4.help
sb
do
/to
do
sth帮助某人做
(四)、动词不定式在句中作主语
动词不定式作主语时,往往用it作形式主语,而真正的主语移到句末。
1.It’s+adj+for(of)
+sb
+to
do
sth
对某人来说做某事怎么样
l
Adj修饰文中的事情既to
do
sth时,人前的介词用for
;
l
但是如果Adj修饰文中的人既sb时,人前面的介词用of
如:①It’s
hard
for
me
to
learn
english
well.
hard
是修饰动词不定式to
learn
english
well,意为学好英语难,所以用的介词是for
sb
②It’s
kind
of
you
to
help
me
kind“善良的”修饰you(人)
意为你善良,所以介词用of
sb
2.It
take适当形式
sb
some
time
to
do
sth
英语句子结构为花费
某人
时间
做某事
译为:做某事花了某人多少时间。
3.It’s
time
to
do
sth该做某事
(六)动词不定式在句中作定语时一般都要放在所修饰名词或代词的后面。
1、a
chance
to
do
sth
做某事的一个机会
2、the
way
to
do
sth
做某事的办法
3、the
best
time
to
do
sth
做某事的最佳时间
4、something
to
eat
一些吃的东西
5、something
to
drink
一些喝的东西
6、a
lot
of
work
to
do
许多要做的工作
(七)疑问词+动词不定式,常用到的疑问词短语举例有:What
to
do
做什么,when
to
go
什么时候走,where
to
go
去哪里,how
to
do
it
如何来做此事,
1、作主语
Where
to
go
is
a
problem.去哪里还是个问题。
2、作宾语
I
don’t
know
how
to
use
the
computer.我不知道如何使用电脑。
3、作表语
The
problem
is
what
to
do
next.问题是下一步干什么。
4、作宾语补足语
Can
you
tell
me
when
to
start
tomorrow?你能告诉我明天什么时候出发吗?
二、动词ing形式。动词ing
形式为动名词或现在分词时
1.enjoy
doing喜欢做
2.practice
doing练习做
3.finish
doing做完某事
4.mind
sb’s
doing介意某人做
7.keep
sb
doing让某人一直做
8.miss
doing错过做
10.spend…(in)doing
花费时间或金钱做某事
11.feel
like
doing想要做
12.give
up
doing放弃做
13.suggest
doing建议做…
14.advise
doing建议做
15.介词后如接动词一律为ing
形式,为介词宾语,简称介宾。
be/get
used
to
doing习惯于做
look
forword
to
doing
期盼做某事
:
feel
like
doing
sth.喜欢做某事;
be
good
at
doing
sth.;
thank
you
for
doing
sth.;
give
up
doing
sth.;
stop
sb.
from
doing
sth.;
do
well
in
doing
sth.;
be
afraid
of
doing
sth.;
be
interested
in
doing
sth.;
be
proud
of
doing
sth.;
(二)动名词在句中作宾语补足语
1、keep
sb
doing
sth
让某人一直做某事
2、hear/
see/
watch/
notice/
find
sb
doing
sth
按顺序的翻译为:听见、看见、注视、注意到、发现某人正在做某事(此处的ing形式为现在分词作宾补)
(五)由动词ing形式构成的句型。
1.be
busy
doing忙着做某事
2.be
worth
doing值得做
3.can’t
help
doing忍不住做
4
have
trouble
doing
sth伴随状语
6.有某人/某物正在做某事There
be
sb/sth
doing
sth
8.have
fun
doing做某事过得开心
10.what/how
about
doing
sth?做某事怎么样?
11.No+动名词表示禁令
No
smoking禁止吸烟
No
parking禁止停车
12.go+动名词去进行某种活动或运动go
shopping,去购物;go
skating,去滑冰;go
hiking去远足
13.do
some/the+动名词,指进行某种活动
do
some
cleaning,搞卫生;do
some
washing
洗衣服;
三、有些动词既可以接动词不定式也可以接动名词,但意义不同,学生应该注意区分使用。
1.stop
to
do停下来去做.(做什么事)
2.stop
doing停止做…(停止做)
3.forget
to
do忘记做…(还没做)4.
forget
doing忘记做过(做过了)
5.remember
to
do记住去做
6.
remember
doing记住做过了
7.try
to
do试图努力做
8.try
doing实验做
9.go
on
doing继续做同一件事
10.go
on
to
do继续做另一件事
11.like/hate
to
do喜欢/讨厌做
(表具体,一次性的动作)
12.like/hatedoing喜欢/讨厌做
(习惯经常性)
四.感官动词接非谓语动词形式
1.
see
sb
doing
看见某人正在做
see
sb
do看见某人经常做
2.
hear
sb
doing听见某人正在做
hear
sb
do经常听见某人做
3.
find
sb
doing发现某人正在做
find
sb
do发现某人做了/正在做
六、过去分词,动名词做定语的情况。
A
book
written
by
Lu
Xun
书和write的关系是
书被写,用过去分词修饰
a
boy
called/named
Jim
a
place
called
Liaoning
A
boy
standing
in
the
room
男孩和stand的关系是主动,用动名词修饰
句型
such+名词性词组+that…——如此……以致……
So+形容词/副词+that…——如此……以致……
例如:(1)She
is
such
a
good
teacher
that
we
all
love
her.她是一个好老师,我们都爱她。
(2)It
was
such
a
hot
day
that
they
didn’t
go
out
for
a
walk
as
usual.这么热的天气,他们没有像往常一样去散步。
注意点:1.such+a+形容词+名词+that…,可以改写成:so+形容词+a+名词+that…,例句(1)可以改写成:She
is
so
good
a
teacher
that
we
all
love
her.
2.在such+形容词+名词复数或不可数名词+that…结构中,形容词如果是many/few或much/little时,用so不用such,即:so+many/few+可数名词复数+that…,so+much/little+不可数名词+that…
句型(二)
There
be…,either…or…,neither…nor…,not
only…but
also…当这几个句型连接主语时,谓语动词的人称和数要考虑“就近原则”,对比both…and…
来记忆,both…and…连接主语时视为复数。
句型(三)
Enough+名词+to
do…——有足够的……做某事
形容词/副词+enough+to
do
…——足够……做某事
例如:(1)There
is
enough
room
to
hold
these
people
to
have
a
meeting.有足够的地方容下这些人开会。
(2)The
boy
is
strong
enough
to
carry
the
heavy
box.这个男孩力气够大,能搬动这只箱子。
注意点:
enough做副词修饰形容词或副词时,放在所修饰词的后面,句子可以用so…that…句型改写。例句(2)可以改写为:The
boy
is
so
strong
that
he
can
carry
the
heavy
box.这个男孩力气很大,能搬动这只箱子。
句型(四)
too+形容词/副词+to
do…——太……以致不能……
例如:(1)I
was
too
excited
to
say
a
word.我激动得一个字也说不出来。
(2)Tom
is
too
short
to
reach
the
apple.
Tom太矮了,拿不到那个苹果。
注意点:
这是一个否定句型,不能在不定式前加
not,可以用so…that…结构改写,例如例句(1)可以改写成:I
was
so
excited
that
I
couldn’t
say
a
word.
句型(七)(1)It’s
time
for
sth.是干某事的时间了
It’s
time
(for
sb)
to
do
sth.该干某事了。
句型(八)
花费的句型
(1)It
takes
sb.
Some
time
to
do
sth.干某事花某人一些时间
(2)sb.
spend
some
time
on
sth./(in)
doing
sth.某人花时间在某事上/花时间干某事
(3))sb.spend
some
money
on
sth./(in)
doing
sth.花钱在某物上/花钱干某事
(4)sth.
cost
sb.
Some
money——某事花某人一些钱
(5))sb.
pay
some
money
for
sth.为某事(物)付钱
注意点:cost主语一般为物;spend、pay主语一般为人。例(1)中it
用做形式主语,动词不定式为真正主语。
句型(九)
(1)Why
not
do…?为什么不干某事?
(2)Let’s
do
…让我们干某事吧。
(3)Shall
we
do
…?我们干某事好吗?
(4)Would
you
like
something/to
do
sth.…?你想要什么吗?你想要干…吗?
(5)Will
you
please
do
…?请你干某事好吗?
(6)What
(How)
about
doing…?干某事怎么样?
注意点:这些句型都是表示“建议”的句子,可视为同义句。
句型(十)(1)Let’s
go
out
for
a
walk,shall
we?让我们出去散步,好吗?
(2)Read
the
book
carefully,will
you?认真读书,好吗?
注意点:在这两个句型中,(2)所代表的祈使句,一般用will
you构成反意疑问句。在(1)中Let’s表示包括“我”在内,用shall
we,但若是let
us,表示不包括“我”在内,则用will
you。
例如:Let
us
go
out
for
a
walk,will
you?你让我们出去散散步,好吗?
There
is
no
time
(for
sb.
)
to
do
sth.
对(某人来说)没时间做某事了
There
is
no
need
(for
sb.)
to
do
sth.
对某人来说没必要做某事
情景交际
打电话(Making
phone
calls)
Hello,is
that.speaking?你是.吗?
/
Who
is
that
speaking/calling?你是谁?/
Who
is
speaking/calling,please?你是谁?
应答时常说:Yes,(this
is).speaking.是的,我是.。/
Yes,it
s.here.
我是.。
4、打电话请对方找人
Is.in/at
home?
某某在家吗?/
Can/may/could
I
speak
to.,please?请.接电话好吗?
应答时常说:Hold
on/Wait
a
minute/One
moment,please.
请等一等。/
I
m
sorry.is
not
in./at
home
now.对不起,.现在不在。
、请求允许和应答(Asking
for
permission
and
responses)
1、Can
I/Could
I/May
I.?
我可不可以.?这个是请求对方允许自己做某事的最普通的交际用语,其中could
I.?语气最婉转;May
I.?
常用在比较正式的场合;Can
I.?
用得最广泛。
允许或同意时,可说:Yes./Sure./Certainly.当然可以。Of
course,you
may.当然可以。That
s
Ok./all
right.好的。:yes,you
may(can).是的。
不允许或不同意时,可说:I
m
sorry
you
can
t.对不起,你不可以.I
m
sorry,but.对不起,但是.。You
d
better
not.你最好别.。Sorry,I
m
afraid
not,对不起,恐怕不能。NO,you
may(can)
not
、谈论天气情况
What
s
the
weather
like
today
?
今天天气怎样?
应答时可说:It
s
fine
/warm
/cold
/hot
.
/
What
s
the
weather
going
to
be
like.the
day
after
tomorrow
?天气将怎样?It
s
going
to
be
fine
/warm/cold
/hot
.
“What
s
the
weather
like
.?“也可以用“How
is
the
weather.?“表达,其意思想同。
、问路及应答的交际用语
Excuse
me.
Can
you
tell
me
the
way
to
.?
劳驾,请告诉我去.(地方)怎么走?
/
Excuse
me.
How
can
I
get
to.?
劳驾,问怎样去.(地方)?
/
Excuse
me,please,where
is.?
劳驾,请问去.的路怎么去?
How
far
is
it
from
here?
它离这里多远?
/
It
s
about.meters
from
here.
它离这里大约.米远。
Go
down/along
this
street.
沿着这条街走下去。Go
down/along
this
street
till
you
get
to
.沿着这条街走到.(地方)为止。/
Turn
right/left
at
the
first/second
crossing.在第一/二个十字路口向右/左转。
赞美和恭维及应答别人赞美时的应答
thank
you.哦,谢谢!
I
m
glad
to
hear
that.听到这我真高兴。
/
Thanks
for
saying
so.谢谢你这样说。
How
s
everything
with
you?/
How
is
everything
going?
/近来怎么样?答语可用:“Pretty
well.“/
“Very
well.““Everything
is
OK.(一切顺利)“Not
too
bad.“还好”。
、看病时病交际用语
1、医生询问病情时的常用语
What
can
I
do
for
you“你看什么病?
/
What
s
wrong/the
matter/
the
trouble
with
you?
你有什么不舒服。/
Is
there
anything
wrong
with
you?
有什么看病吗?
4、医生看完病后对病人提出医嘱时的常用语
/
You
d
better
have
a
good
rest.
你最好好好休息休息。Take
this
medicine
three
times
a
day.
这药每天吃三次。/
Drink
plenty
of
water
and
have
a
good
rest.
多喝水,好好休息。/
/
You
ll
be
well/
all
right
soon.
不久你会好的。
二十九、
表示判断和意见
What
do
you
think
of?/
How
do
you
like?你认为怎么样?
4
篇3:裕兴新概念英语第一册笔记Lesson99
裕兴新概念英语第一册笔记Lesson99 本文关键词:第一册,新概念英语,笔记,裕兴,Lesson99
裕兴新概念英语第一册笔记Lesson99 本文简介:Lesson99slip1)v.滑倒,滑了一跤Slipinthemud在泥泞中滑到--sliponthestairs在楼梯上滑倒--Islippedontheicyroadandhurtmyankle.我在结冰的路上滑倒了,伤了脚踝。2)v.滑落--Thepenslippedfrommyhand.钢
裕兴新概念英语第一册笔记Lesson99 本文内容:
Lesson
99
slip
1)v.
滑倒,滑了一跤
Slip
in
the
mud在泥泞中滑到
--slip
on
the
stairs
在楼梯上滑倒
--I
slipped
on
the
icy
road
and
hurt
my
ankle.
我在结冰的路上滑倒了,伤了脚踝。
2)v.
滑落
--The
pen
slipped
from
my
hand.
钢笔从我的手中滑落。
--The
glass
slipped
out
of
his
hand
and
broke.
玻璃杯从他的手中滑落,打碎了。
3)v.
溜走
--He
slipped
out
of
the
room.
他偷偷地溜出房间。
--slip
away/
off
不辞而别
--She
slipped
away
from
the
party.
他从舞会上偷偷地溜了出去。
4)n.
疏忽,错误
--a
slip
of
the
pen
笔误
--a
slip
of
the
tongue
口误
Fall(fell,fallen)
1)v.
落下,跌倒
--She
fell
into
the
river
yesterday.她昨天掉进河里去了。
--Leaves
fall
in
autumn.秋天叶子都落了
.
2)
v.
下降
--The
temperature
will
fall
tomorrow.
明天气温将下降。
--The
petrol
price
has
fallen.
油价己经跌下去了。
--fall
across
偶然碰到…,与…
邂逅
--He
fell
across
his
former
girl
friend
yesterday.昨天他偶然碰见了他以前的女朋友。
--fall
asleep
入睡
--He
is
just
falling
asleep,The
doorbell
rang.
他刚要睡着,门铃响了。
--fall
in
love
with…
爱上某人
--She
fell
in
love
with
him
at
the
first
sight.
她对他一见钟情。
downstairs
adv.
楼下
反义词upstairs
--go
downstairs
下楼去
--come
downstairs
下楼来
--walk
downstairs
走下楼
--be
downstairs
在楼下
hurt
1)
v.
伤
--His
daughter
fell
off
the
bike
and
hurt
her
back.
他的女儿从自行车上捽了下来,伤到了背部。
2)v.
伤害感情
--I
feel
hurt.
我感到受到了伤害。(尤指思想、心灵)
3)v.
疼痛
--Does
it
hurt?
痛吗?
back
1)
n.
背,背部
lie
on
one’s
back
面朝天地躺着
My
back
hurts.我的背部痛(hurts
第三人称单数)
2)n.
背面
--the
back
of
the
hand
手背
--the
back
of
the
paper
纸的背面
--the
back
of
a
piece
of
cloth
一
块布的背面
3)n.
后面,后部
--There
are
two
students
at
the
back
of
the
classroom.
教室的后面有2名学生。
4)adv.
在后,向后
--stand
back
向后站
5)adv.回原处
go
back
to…
回到…
come
back
to….
回来到…
--put
these
books
back
把书放回原处
stand
up
站立,站起来
--sit
down
坐下
--stand
on
one’s
head
倒立
stand
on
one’s
own
feet独立,自食其力,不依赖别人
--stand
behind
做…的后盾,支持…
--I
will
stand
behind
you
all
the
time.我将一直支持你。
--stand
up
to…
经受住,勇敢面对
--stand
well
with
与…和睦相处
help
1)v.
帮助
--Can
I
help
you?
--We
need
your
help.
--help
sb
out
帮助某人解决难题,
摆脱困境
--I
don’t
know
how
to
do
this
work.
Please
help
me
out.
我不知道怎么做这项工作,请帮我一把。
--help
sb
with
sth
--You
are
so
kind
to
help
me
with
the
housework.你帮我做家务真是太好了。
--Can
you
help
me
with
English?
你能帮我学英语吗?
2)n.
帮助
--Thank
you
for
your
help.
--I
hope
that
I
can
be
any
help
for
you.
希望我能对你有所帮助。
at
once
立即
right
now
立刻
--They
will
go
back
to
the
office
at
once.
他们将立即回到公司
--You’d
better
go
to
see
the
doctor
at
once.你应该立即去看医生。
sure
adj.
一定的,确信的(用作表语)
--Are
you
sure
of
it?
你能肯定吗?
--Do
you
feel
sure
about
it?
你对它有把握吗?
I
am
sure
that
he
will
come.
我肯定他会来。
I’m
sure
I
don’t
know.我真的不知道。
--be
sure
and
…
(口)千万要,一定要
--Be
sure
and
remember
what
I
told
you.
千万要记住我对你讲的话。
--Be
sure
and
take
the
medicine.
一定要吃药。
--feel
sure
of
oneself
有自信心
--be
sure
of
oneself
--She
always
feels
sure
of
herself.她总是很自信。
Question:
What’s
wrong
with
Andy?
What’s
the
matter,Andy?
安迪,你怎么了?
What’s
the
matter?=What’s
wrong?=What
happened?
怎么了?
I
slipped
and
fell
downstairs.
--fall
downstairs
从楼上摔下来
downstairs是副词,修饰fell
--fall
off…
从…跌落
--Her
grandmother
fell
off
the
bed
last
night.
昨天夜里,她的奶奶从床上摔下来。
--fall
out
of
从…
里面
摔出去
--The
poor
girl
fell
out
of
the
window.
--fall
down
摔倒
--He
tried
to
stand
up,but
he
fell
down
again.
他试图站起来,但是又摔倒了。
Have
you
hurt
yourself?
--hurt的过去式,过去分词与原形一样
--hurt
oneself
伤到自己
--hurt
yourself
伤到你自己
现在完成时,强调过去发生的动作对现在的影响。
Yes,I
have.
I
think
that
I’ve
hurt
my
back.
--I
think
后面接宾语从句
--I’ve
hurt
my
back.我的背摔伤了,这句语由“that”引导,做think的宾语。
--I
think
that
she
has
already
gone
to
bed.
我想她己经上床睡觉了。
--He
thinks
that
he
is
right.他认为他是正确的。
Try
and
stand
up.
Can
you
stand
up?
Here.
Let
me
help
you.
--and
连接两个动词
Come
upstairs
and
see
it.
上楼来看一看吧
Go
and
buy
a
new
dress.
去买条新裙子吧!
--try
to
do
…尽力,设法做…
--I
try
to
find
him
out.
我设法把他找出来
--You
should
try
to
help
her.
你应该尽力帮助她。
try
doing
试着…
He
tries
telling
his
mother
the
truth.
他试着把真相告诉他的妈妈。
stand
up
can
you
stand
up
--Let
sb
do
sth
让某人做某事
--Let
him
go.
放
开他,让他走。
I’m
sorry,Lucy.
I’m
afraid
that
I
can’t
get
up.
--I’m
afraid
(“我恐怕”),后面接由that引导的宾语从句。I
can’t
get
up
.做afraid
的宾语。
--get
up
=stand
up
站起来
I
think
that
the
doctor
had
better
see
you.
I’ll
phone
Dr.
Carter.我想最好请医生来给你看一下,我去给卡特医生打电话。
--I
think
后面接宾语从句,“the
doctor
had
better
see
you”由that引导做think的宾语
--had
better
最好…(后面加动词原形)
--The
doctor
had
better
see
you.
最好请医生给你看一下。
--She’d
better
call
her
mother
now.她最好给她的妈妈打个电话。
--phone
the
doctor
=
call
the
doctor
给医生打电话
The
doctor
says
that
he
will
come
at
once.
I’m
sure
that
you
need
an
X-ray,Andy.
在英文中如果要把某人所说的话告诉另一人要用间接引语,一般由that引导。
--The
doctor
says
that…
医生说,后面是Lucy
转述医生的话,是间接引语。
--I’m
sure
that…
后面接宾语从句
--I’m
sure…
我确信…
--I’m
sure
it
will
rain
tomorrow.
我确信明天会下雨。
小结:
--fall
downstairs
从楼上摔下来
--hurt
one’s
back
伤到后背
--stand
up
站起来
--I
am
afraid
that…
我恐怕…(后面接宾语从句)
--get
up
起来,站起来
--had
better…
最好…
--I’m
sure
that…
我确信…
(后面接宾语从句)
宾语从句:宾语从句在句中作宾语,一般用that引导,但在口语中经常省略that.
在下列动词之后多用宾语从句的形式:
--say
(说)
think
(想,认为)
believe
(相信)
hope
(希望)
know
(知道)
understand(理解)
suppose
(断定)
--He
says
that
he
is
thirty.
他说他渴。
--I
think
that
you
need
an
X-ray.我认为你需要折一个X片。(you
need
an
X-ray
由that
引导做think的宾语)
--I
know
that
you
can
drive.
我知道你会开车。
--I
believe
that
the
house
is
for
sale.
我想这房子是待售的。(the
house
is
for
sale
由that
引导做believe
的宾语。)
宾语从句也可用在某些描写情感的形容词之后。如:afraid
(恐怕)
sorry
(抱歉)
glad(高兴)
等。
--I’m
sorry
that
your
father
is
ill.
(your
father
is
ill由that引导作sorry
的宾语)
--He’s
afraid
that
she
will
come
back
no
more.
他恐怕她不再回来了。
间接引语:
直接引语与间接引语都是宾语,一定不改地引述别人的话叫做直接引语。用说话人自己的话转述别人的话,叫做间接引语,两种引语都须由动词引述。
如:say
(说)
tell
(告诉)
ask
(问)
declare(宣布)
reply(回答)等等
直接引语一般置于引号内;
间引语通常以宾语从句的形式出现。
--She
said,“I
get
up
early
in
the
morning”.(直接引语)
--She
said
that
she
got
up
early
in
the
morning.(间接引语)
直接引语变成间接引语,如果间接引语中引述动词是现在时,那么其后的时态通常与原来口头陈述的时态相同。