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动名词用法总结

日期:2020-06-01  类别:最新范文  编辑:一流范文网  【下载本文Word版

动名词用法总结 本文关键词:动名词,用法

动名词用法总结 本文简介:动名词具有名词的性质,因此在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语、补语、状语。作主语Readingisanart.读书是一种艺术。Climbingmountainsisreallyfun.爬山真是有趣。Workingintheseconditionsisnotapleasurebutasuffer.在这

动名词用法总结 本文内容:

动名词具有名词的性质,因此在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语、补语、状语。

作主语

Reading

is

an

art.

读书是一种艺术。

Climbing

mountains

is

really

fun.

爬山真是有趣。

Working

in

these

conditions

is

not

a

pleasure

but

a

suffer.

在这种工作条件下工作不是一件愉快的事而是一件痛苦的事。

动名词作主语,谓语动词一般用单三形式动名词作主语,在动词的基础上加ing,使该动词或动词短语,有名词的各种特征,可作名词灵活使用。如:

It

is

no

use/no

good

crying

over

spilt

milk.

覆水难收。

It

is

a

waste

of

time

persuading

such

a

person

to

join

us.

劝说这样的人加入真是浪费时间。

It

was

hard

getting

on

the

crowded

street

car.

上这种拥挤的车真难。

It

is

fun

playing

with

children.

和孩子们一起玩真好。

There

is

no

joking

about

such

matters.

对这种事情不是开玩笑。

动名词可以在句子中充当名词所能充当的多种句子成分。动名词作主语有如下几种常见情况:

1.

直接位于句首做主语。

Swimming

is

a

good

sport

in

summer.

2.

it

作形式主语,把动名词(真实主语)置于句尾作后置主语。

动名词做主语时,不太常用

it

作先行主语,多见于某些形容词及名词之后。

It

is

no

use

telling

him

not

to

worry.

常见的能用于这种结构的形容词还有:better,wonderful,enjoyable,interesting,foolish,difficult,useless,senseless,worthwhile等。

注意:important,essential,necessary

等形容词不能用于上述结构。

3.

用于“There

be”结构中。

There

is

no

saying

when

he

ll

come.

很难说他何时回来。

4.

用于布告形式的省略结构中。

No

smoking

(No

smoking

is

allowed

(here)

)(禁止吸烟)

No

parking.(禁止停车)

5.

动名词的复合结构作主语

当动名词有自己的逻辑主语时,常可以在前面加上一个名词或代词的所有格,构成动名词的复合结构(名词或代词的所有格做动名词的逻辑主语)。动名词的复合结构也可以在句中作主语。

Their

coming

to

help

was

a

great

encouragement

to

us.

动名词作主语与动词不定式作主语的比较

动词不定式和动名词都可以用作主语,在意义上相近,但动名词多用来表示泛指或抽象动作,不定式多用来表示特指或具体动作。比较:

Smoking

is

not

good

for

health.

It

is

not

good

for

you

to

smoke

so

much.

注意:

1)

在口语中,用动名词作主语位于句首的较不定式多见。

2)

在“It

is

no

use.”,“It

is

no

good.”,“It

is

fun.”,“It

is

a

waste

of

time.”等句型中,通常用动名词作真实主语:

It

is

no

use/good/a

waste

of

time

talking

about

that.

It

is

no

use/good/a

waste

of

time

to

talk

about

that.

3)

在疑问句中,通常用动名词的复合结构,而不用不定式的复合结构作主语:

Does

your

saying

that

mean

anything

to

him?

Does

for

you

to

say

that

mean

anything

to

him?

4)

在“There

be”句型中,只能用动名词,而不能用不定式作主语:

There

is

no

telling

what

will

happen.

It

is

impossible

to

tell

what

will

happen.

5)

当句子中的主语和表语都是非限定动词时,要遵循前后一致的原则,主语和表语在形式上要求统一:

Seeing

is

believing.

To

see

is

to

believe.

作宾语

1.作动词的宾语

某些动词后出现非限定性动词时只能用动名词作宾语,不能用不定式。常见的此类动词有:admit,appreciate,excuse,stand,advise,allow,permit,avoid,consider,enjoy,finish,give

up,cannot

help,imagine,include,keep,understand,keep

on,mind,report,risk,miss,put

off,delay,practice,resist,suggest,depend

on,think

about,set

about,succeed

in,worry

about,burst

out,insist

on,can

t

help,feel

like,be

used

to,get

used

to,devote…to…,look

forward

to,pay

attention

to,get

down

to,escape等。如:

They

went

on

walking

and

never

stopped

talking.

他们继续走,说个不停。

I

found

it

pleasant

walking

along

the

seashore.

在海滩上走真是乐事。

Mark

often

attempts

to

escape

being

fined

whenever

he

breaks

traffic

regulations.

每当马克违反交通规则时,他常常企图逃避罚款的处分。

有些动词之后既可接动词不定式,又可接动名词,可把这类动词分为三种类型:两种形式所表达的含义基本相同,可以互换。这类动词有:

attempt

,begin,cease,continue,intend,omit,start,cannot

bear,decline,disdain,loathe,neglect,commence。例如:

They

ceased

talking/to

talk.

他们停止说话。

Prices

will

continue

to

rise/rising.

物价将继续上扬。

What

do

you

intend

to

do/doing

next?

你下一步打算干什么?

宾语用不定式和动名词所表达的含义略有变化。用不定式作宾语时,表示特定的一次性的未来动作;用动名词则表示一般的行为,或者是目前正在进行的行为。也可以说,动名词表示泛指的动作,而不定式表示特指的动作。常这样用的动词有:

hate,like,love,prefer,dread等。例如:

Would

you

like

to

go

with

me?

你想跟我一起走吗?

He

preferred

to

do

this

rather

than

do

that.

他宁愿做这件事,而不愿做那件事。

2.作介词的宾语

动词+介词+动名词

例如:The

rain

prevented

us

from

completing

the

work.

下雨妨碍我们完成工作。

She

complains

of

the

book

being

too

difficult.

她抱怨这本书太难。

形容词+介词+动名词

例如:I

know

who

is

responsible

for

breaking

the

window.

我知道窗户是谁打开的。

名词+介词+动名词

例如:There

are

many

ways

of

doing

it.

有许多方法可以做这件事。

We

are

thinking

of

making

a

new

plan

for

the

next

term.

我们正考虑为下学期制定新的计划

Shall

we

have

a

rest

or

get

down

to

doing

our

work?

我们休息呢还是开始干活?

there

be和it

is也可变为动名词there

being

和it

being与介词连用。

例如:The

car

stooped

because

of

there

being

no

fuel

in

the

tank.

因为油箱里没有油,所以汽车停了下来。

介词+动名词也可在句中作状语,表示时间、条件等。

例如:On

leaving

school,he

went

into

business.

一离开学校,他就投身到商业中去了。

3.作形容词的宾语

The

music

is

well

worth

listening

to

more

than

once.

这种曲子很值得多听几遍。

We

are

busy

preparing

for

the

coming

sports

meet.

我们正为马上到来的运动会忙着做准备。

作表语

动名词作表语时句子主语常是表示无生命的事物的名词或what引导的名词性从句。表语动名词与主语通常是对等的关系,表示主语的内容,主语、表语可互换位置。如果句中的主语和表语同为动词时,要注意保持两个动词在形式上的一致。

Your

task

is

cleaning

the

windows.

你的任务就是擦窗户。(Cleaning

the

windows

is

your

task.)

What

I

hate

most

is

being

laughed

at.

我最痛恨的就是被别人嘲笑。(Being

laughed

at

is

what

I

hate

most.)

The

most

popular

pastime

is

playing

chess.

最大众化的消遣是下棋(The

most

popular

pastime

is

to

play

chess.)

The

only

thing

that

interests

her

is

working.

她唯一感兴趣的事就是工作.

作定语

动名词作定语往往表示被修饰词的某种用途。如:

a

walking

stick

=a

stick

for

walking=a

stick

which

is

used

for

walking

a

washing

machine=a

machine

for

washing=a

machine

which

is

used

for

washing

a

reading

room=a

room

for

reading=a

room

which

is

used

for

reading

a

measuring

tape=a

tape

for

measuring=a

tape

which

is

used

for

measuring

sleeping

pills=pills

for

sleeping=pills

which

is

used

for

sleeping

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