动名词用法总结 本文关键词:动名词,用法
动名词用法总结 本文简介:动名词具有名词的性质,因此在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语、补语、状语。作主语Readingisanart.读书是一种艺术。Climbingmountainsisreallyfun.爬山真是有趣。Workingintheseconditionsisnotapleasurebutasuffer.在这
动名词用法总结 本文内容:
动名词具有名词的性质,因此在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语、补语、状语。
作主语
Reading
is
an
art.
读书是一种艺术。
Climbing
mountains
is
really
fun.
爬山真是有趣。
Working
in
these
conditions
is
not
a
pleasure
but
a
suffer.
在这种工作条件下工作不是一件愉快的事而是一件痛苦的事。
动名词作主语,谓语动词一般用单三形式动名词作主语,在动词的基础上加ing,使该动词或动词短语,有名词的各种特征,可作名词灵活使用。如:
It
is
no
use/no
good
crying
over
spilt
milk.
覆水难收。
It
is
a
waste
of
time
persuading
such
a
person
to
join
us.
劝说这样的人加入真是浪费时间。
It
was
hard
getting
on
the
crowded
street
car.
上这种拥挤的车真难。
It
is
fun
playing
with
children.
和孩子们一起玩真好。
There
is
no
joking
about
such
matters.
对这种事情不是开玩笑。
动名词可以在句子中充当名词所能充当的多种句子成分。动名词作主语有如下几种常见情况:
1.
直接位于句首做主语。
Swimming
is
a
good
sport
in
summer.
2.
用
it
作形式主语,把动名词(真实主语)置于句尾作后置主语。
动名词做主语时,不太常用
it
作先行主语,多见于某些形容词及名词之后。
It
is
no
use
telling
him
not
to
worry.
常见的能用于这种结构的形容词还有:better,wonderful,enjoyable,interesting,foolish,difficult,useless,senseless,worthwhile等。
注意:important,essential,necessary
等形容词不能用于上述结构。
3.
用于“There
be”结构中。
There
is
no
saying
when
he
ll
come.
很难说他何时回来。
4.
用于布告形式的省略结构中。
No
smoking
(No
smoking
is
allowed
(here)
)(禁止吸烟)
No
parking.(禁止停车)
5.
动名词的复合结构作主语
当动名词有自己的逻辑主语时,常可以在前面加上一个名词或代词的所有格,构成动名词的复合结构(名词或代词的所有格做动名词的逻辑主语)。动名词的复合结构也可以在句中作主语。
Their
coming
to
help
was
a
great
encouragement
to
us.
动名词作主语与动词不定式作主语的比较
动词不定式和动名词都可以用作主语,在意义上相近,但动名词多用来表示泛指或抽象动作,不定式多用来表示特指或具体动作。比较:
Smoking
is
not
good
for
health.
It
is
not
good
for
you
to
smoke
so
much.
注意:
1)
在口语中,用动名词作主语位于句首的较不定式多见。
2)
在“It
is
no
use.”,“It
is
no
good.”,“It
is
fun.”,“It
is
a
waste
of
time.”等句型中,通常用动名词作真实主语:
It
is
no
use/good/a
waste
of
time
talking
about
that.
It
is
no
use/good/a
waste
of
time
to
talk
about
that.
3)
在疑问句中,通常用动名词的复合结构,而不用不定式的复合结构作主语:
Does
your
saying
that
mean
anything
to
him?
Does
for
you
to
say
that
mean
anything
to
him?
4)
在“There
be”句型中,只能用动名词,而不能用不定式作主语:
There
is
no
telling
what
will
happen.
It
is
impossible
to
tell
what
will
happen.
5)
当句子中的主语和表语都是非限定动词时,要遵循前后一致的原则,主语和表语在形式上要求统一:
Seeing
is
believing.
To
see
is
to
believe.
作宾语
1.作动词的宾语
某些动词后出现非限定性动词时只能用动名词作宾语,不能用不定式。常见的此类动词有:admit,appreciate,excuse,stand,advise,allow,permit,avoid,consider,enjoy,finish,give
up,cannot
help,imagine,include,keep,understand,keep
on,mind,report,risk,miss,put
off,delay,practice,resist,suggest,depend
on,think
about,set
about,succeed
in,worry
about,burst
out,insist
on,can
t
help,feel
like,be
used
to,get
used
to,devote…to…,look
forward
to,pay
attention
to,get
down
to,escape等。如:
They
went
on
walking
and
never
stopped
talking.
他们继续走,说个不停。
I
found
it
pleasant
walking
along
the
seashore.
在海滩上走真是乐事。
Mark
often
attempts
to
escape
being
fined
whenever
he
breaks
traffic
regulations.
每当马克违反交通规则时,他常常企图逃避罚款的处分。
有些动词之后既可接动词不定式,又可接动名词,可把这类动词分为三种类型:两种形式所表达的含义基本相同,可以互换。这类动词有:
attempt
,begin,cease,continue,intend,omit,start,cannot
bear,decline,disdain,loathe,neglect,commence。例如:
They
ceased
talking/to
talk.
他们停止说话。
Prices
will
continue
to
rise/rising.
物价将继续上扬。
What
do
you
intend
to
do/doing
next?
你下一步打算干什么?
宾语用不定式和动名词所表达的含义略有变化。用不定式作宾语时,表示特定的一次性的未来动作;用动名词则表示一般的行为,或者是目前正在进行的行为。也可以说,动名词表示泛指的动作,而不定式表示特指的动作。常这样用的动词有:
hate,like,love,prefer,dread等。例如:
Would
you
like
to
go
with
me?
你想跟我一起走吗?
He
preferred
to
do
this
rather
than
do
that.
他宁愿做这件事,而不愿做那件事。
2.作介词的宾语
动词+介词+动名词
例如:The
rain
prevented
us
from
completing
the
work.
下雨妨碍我们完成工作。
She
complains
of
the
book
being
too
difficult.
她抱怨这本书太难。
形容词+介词+动名词
例如:I
know
who
is
responsible
for
breaking
the
window.
我知道窗户是谁打开的。
名词+介词+动名词
例如:There
are
many
ways
of
doing
it.
有许多方法可以做这件事。
We
are
thinking
of
making
a
new
plan
for
the
next
term.
我们正考虑为下学期制定新的计划。
Shall
we
have
a
rest
or
get
down
to
doing
our
work?
我们休息呢还是开始干活?
there
be和it
is也可变为动名词there
being
和it
being与介词连用。
例如:The
car
stooped
because
of
there
being
no
fuel
in
the
tank.
因为油箱里没有油,所以汽车停了下来。
介词+动名词也可在句中作状语,表示时间、条件等。
例如:On
leaving
school,he
went
into
business.
一离开学校,他就投身到商业中去了。
3.作形容词的宾语
The
music
is
well
worth
listening
to
more
than
once.
这种曲子很值得多听几遍。
We
are
busy
preparing
for
the
coming
sports
meet.
我们正为马上到来的运动会忙着做准备。
作表语
动名词作表语时句子主语常是表示无生命的事物的名词或what引导的名词性从句。表语动名词与主语通常是对等的关系,表示主语的内容,主语、表语可互换位置。如果句中的主语和表语同为动词时,要注意保持两个动词在形式上的一致。
Your
task
is
cleaning
the
windows.
你的任务就是擦窗户。(Cleaning
the
windows
is
your
task.)
What
I
hate
most
is
being
laughed
at.
我最痛恨的就是被别人嘲笑。(Being
laughed
at
is
what
I
hate
most.)
The
most
popular
pastime
is
playing
chess.
最大众化的消遣是下棋(The
most
popular
pastime
is
to
play
chess.)
The
only
thing
that
interests
her
is
working.
她唯一感兴趣的事就是工作.
作定语
动名词作定语往往表示被修饰词的某种用途。如:
a
walking
stick
=a
stick
for
walking=a
stick
which
is
used
for
walking
a
washing
machine=a
machine
for
washing=a
machine
which
is
used
for
washing
a
reading
room=a
room
for
reading=a
room
which
is
used
for
reading
a
measuring
tape=a
tape
for
measuring=a
tape
which
is
used
for
measuring
sleeping
pills=pills
for
sleeping=pills
which
is
used
for
sleeping