上海牛津小学英语语法知识总结 本文关键词：牛津，上海，英语语法，小学，知识
上海牛津小学英语语法知识总结 本文简介：上海牛津小学英语语法知识总结一般现在时1、定义：表示经常发生或习惯性的动作、状态。句中通常有usually，often，everyday，sometimes，always，atweekends，onSundays等表示经常性时间的短语。2、构成：1）当谓语是be动词时，一般现在时的构成：主语＋be动
上海牛津小学英语语法知识总结 本文内容：
上海牛津小学英语语法知识总结
一般现在时
1、定义：表示经常发生或习惯性的动作、状态。句中通常有usually，often，every
day，sometimes，always，at
weekends，on
Sundays等表示经常性时间的短语。
2、构成：
1）当谓语是be动词时，一般现在时的构成：主语＋be动词＋其他
如：I
am
a
student.
He
is
Jim’s
father.
They
are
from
Japan.
2）当谓语是行为动词时，一般现在时的构成：
①主语（非第三人称单数）＋动词原形＋其他
如：I
often
watch
TV
at
the
weekends.
Mr
Green
and
Mrs
Green
like
collecting
stamps.
②主语（第三人称单数）＋动词的第三人称单数形式＋其他
如：Jim
usually
visits
his
grandparents
on
Sundays.
She
sometimes
goes
to
the
park
with
her
mother.
3、动词三单形式的变化规则：
①
一般情况下，直接加s
如：read-reads，swim-swims
②
以s，x，sh，ch，o结尾，加es
如：wash-washes，watch-watches，do-does
③
以辅音字母＋y结尾，变y为i，再加es
如：study-studies，fly-flies
④
不规则变化
如：have-has
4、一般现在时的句型转换：
肯定句
否定句
一般疑问句及回答
They
watch
TV
every
day.
They
don’t
watch
TV
every
day.
—Do
they
watch
TV
every
day?
—Yes,they
do.
/
No,they
don’t.
She
watches
TV
every
day.
She
doesn’t
watch
TV
every
day.
—
Does
she
watch
TV
every
day?
—Yes,she
does.
/
No,she
doesn’t.
现在进行时
1、定义：表示现在或现阶段正在进行或发生的动作。句中常有now，look，listen等词。
如：I
am
washing
clothes
now.
Look!
Liu
Tao
is
climbing
the
tree.
Listen!
Jane
is
singing
in
the
music
room.
2、构成：be动词（am/is/are）+
动词现在分词（V-ing）
3、动词现在分词构成：
①
一般是在动词原形后加ing
如：read-reading，drink-drinking，eat-eating，look-looking
②
以不发音的e结尾的动词，去掉e，再加ing
如：write-writing，make-making，ride-riding，take-taking
③
以重读闭音节结尾，如末尾只有一个辅音字母，要双写这个字母，再加ing
如：sit-sitting，swim-swimming，put-putting，run-running，stop-stopping，get-getting，begin-beginning，jog-jogging，forget-forgetting
4、动名词其实就是动词的现在分词，它既有名词性质（可作主语），又有动词性质（可带宾语）。
如：Asking
the
way
My
hobby
is
collecting
stamps.
He
is
good
at
skating.
5、现在进行时的句型转换：
肯定句
否定句
一般疑问句及回答
He
is
running
now.
He
isn’t
running
now.
—Is
he
running
now?
—Yes,he
is.
/
No,he
isn’t.
They
are
making
a
puppet.
They
aren’t
making
a
puppet.
—
Are
they
making
a
puppet?
—Yes,they
are.
/
No,they
aren’t.
一般过去时
1、定义：表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或存在的状态。常和表示过去的时间状语连用，如：a
moment
ago，just
now，yesterday，last
week，this
morning等。
如：My
brother
often
went
to
school
by
bike
last
term.
The
watch
was
beside
the
diary
a
moment
ago.
I
watched
the
moon
and
ate
the
moon
cakes
last
Mid-Autumn
Festival.
Jim
went
to
the
supermarket
yesterday.
2、构成：主语＋动词的过去式＋其他
3、动词过去式的变化规则：
①
一般在动词原形末尾加ed
如：play-played，listen-listened，look-looked
②
结尾是e的动词，加d
如：live-lived，like-liked，taste-tasted
③
辅音字母＋y结尾的动词，变y为i，再加ed
如：study-studied，carry-carried，cry-cried
④
末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词，双写这个辅音字母，再加ed
如：stop-stopped，plan-planned
⑤
不规则变化
如：
am/is-was
are-were
have/has-had
do-did
go-went
sit-sat
tell-told
see-saw
get-got
make-made
give-gave
read-read
buy-bought
come-came
draw-drew
eat-ate
fly-flew
meet-met
put-put
run-ran
say-said
sing-sang
swim-swam
take-took
4、一般过去时的句型转换
肯定句
否定句
一般疑问句及回答
He
watched
TV
yesterday.
He
didn’t
watch
TV
yesterday.
—Did
he
watch
TV
yesterday?
—Yes,he
did.
/
No,he
didn’t.
They
played
games
just
now.
They
didn’t
play
games
just
now.
—
Did
they
play
games
just
now?
—Yes,they
did.
/
No,they
didn’t.
一般将来时
1、定义：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态，以及打算、计划或准备某事。句中一般含有表示将来的时间状语，如：tomorrow
morning，next
week，this
afternoon等表示将来的时间状语。
2、构成：
①
be
gong
to
+动词原形
如：I
am
going
to
see
a
Beijing
opera
tomorrow.
We
are
going
to
meet
at
bus
stop
at
half
past
ten.
Dad
and
I
are
going
to
see
a
Beijing
opera
this
afternoon.
②
will
+动词原形
如：They
will
go
swimming
this
afternoon.
3、be
going
to
和will
区别：
①
be
going
to表示经过事先安排、打算或决定要做的事情，基本上一定会发生；will则表示有可能去做，但不一定发生，也常表示说话人的临时决定。
如：I
am
going
to
take
part
in
a
party
this
evening.
They
are
cleaning
the
library
now.
I’ll
go
and
join
them.
②be
going
to表示近期或眼下就要发生的事情；will表示的将来时间则较远一些。如：He
is
going
to
write
a
letter
tomorrow.
I
will
meet
her
one
day.
③
be
going
to还可以用来表示有迹象表明某件事将要发生，常用于天气等自然现象。如：Look!
It’s
going
to
rain.
4、一般将来时句型转换：
肯定句
否定句
一般疑问句及回答
She
is
going
to
have
a
picnic
tomorrow.
She
isn’t
going
to
have
a
picnic
tomorrow.
—Is
she
going
to
have
a
picnic
tomorrow?
—Yes,she
is.
/
No,she
isn’t.
They
will
go
swimming
this
afternoon.
They
will
not(won’t)
go
swimming
this
afternoon.
—Will
they
go
swimming
this
afternoon?
—Yes,they
will.
/
No,they
won’t.
句法
1、陈述句
说明事实或陈述说话人观点的句子。基本结构：主语＋谓语＋其他
1）肯定陈述句
We
all
like
pandas
very
much.
2）否定陈述句
He
doesn’t
do
housework
at
weekends
3）肯定陈述句改否定陈述句
①一般是在be动词或情态动词后加not。
Mary
was
at
school
yesterday.
—>
Mary
was
not
at
school
yesterday.
I
can
make
a
model
plane.
—>I
can
not
make
a
model
plane.
②不含be动词或情态动词的，行为动词前要用助动词的否定式（don’t，doesn’t，didn’t），后面跟动词的原形。
He
likes
drawing
pictures.—>He
doesn’t
like
drawing
pictures.
I
went
to
the
park
yesterday.
—>I
didn’t
go
to
the
park
yesterday.
4）陈述句改一般疑问句
①有be动词或情态动词的，把be动词或情态动词提前。
Mary
was
at
school
yesterday.
—>
Was
Mary
at
school
yesterday?
I
can
make
a
model
plane.
—>
Can
you
make
a
model
plane?
②不含be动词或情态动词的句子，借助助动词开头，动词还原成原形。
He
likes
drawing
pictures.—>Does
he
like
drawing
pictures.
I
went
to
the
park
yesterday.
—>Did
you
go
to
the
park
yesterday?
2、疑问句
用来提出问题，询问情况的句子，末尾用问号。
1）一般疑问句：一般疑问句常用来询问一件事是否属实，通常以be动词，助动词或情态动词开头，用yes或no来回答，因此又叫是非疑问句，通常读升调。
—Is
Mr
Green
from
the
UK?
—Yes，he
is.
/
No，he
isn’t.
—Do
you
have
any
hobbies?
—Yes，I
do.
/
No，I
don’t.
—Can
you
play
the
guitar?
—Yes，I
can.
/
No，I
can’t.
2）特殊疑问句：以特殊疑问词引导，要求回答具体问题，不能用yes或no来回答。—How
do
you
go
to
work
every
day?
—I
go
to
work
by
car.
3）选择疑问句：提供两种或两种以上情况，让对方选择，往往用or连接。
—Would
you
like
some
tea
or
coffee?
—Some
coffee,please.
4）反意疑问句：反意疑问句是由陈述句和附在其后的附加疑问句组成。
—It’s
a
fine
day,isn’t
it?
—
Yes,it
is.
3、祈使句
表示请求或命令别人做某事或不做某事。
1）用于第二人称，通常省略you。
①肯定祈使句：Open
the
door,please.
②否定祈使句：Don’t
be
late
again.
2）用于第一人称和第三人称，通常以let（let后跟宾格）或shall开头。
Let
me
have
a
look.
Let’s
play
a
game
now.
Let
him
go
home
now.
Shall
we
meet
at
one
thirty
in
front
of
the
Garden
Theatre?
4、感叹句
表达喜怒哀乐等强烈感情，句尾常用感叹号（!），语气用降调。
1）what
+
名词或名词性短语
What
a
big
garden
(it
is)!
What
an
interesting
storybook
(it
is)
!
What
lovely
weather
(it
is)!
What
pretty
girls
(they
are)!
2）how
+形容词或副词＋主语＋动词
How
nice!
How
beautiful
the
flowers
are!
How
tall
Yao
Ming
is!
5、there
be
句型
表示在某地有某人或某物。
1）主语是单数，be动词用is(was)；主语是复数，be动词用are(were)。
There
is
some
milk
in
the
fridge.
There
are
some
peaches
in
the
basket.
2）如果有几个不同的人或物并列存在，be动词根据最靠近的那个名词而定。
There
is
a
ruler
and
five
knives
in
the
pencil
case.
There
are
five
knives
and
a
ruler
in
the
pencil
case.
3）there
be句型和have/has区别：
there
be句型表示某地有某人或某物；
have/has表示某人有某物。has用于第三人称单数，其余人称和数用have。
There
are
some
English
books
on
the
desk.
I
have
some
English
books.
篇2：初一英语上海牛津版Unit2语法总结复习名词
初一英语上海牛津版Unit2语法总结复习名词 本文关键词：牛津，上海，语法，名词，复习
初一英语上海牛津版Unit2语法总结复习名词 本文简介：课题名称初一英语上海牛津版Unit2语法总结复习名词(二)教学目标同步教学知识内容Unit2语法总结复习个性化学习问题解决名词教学重点名词的数教学难点名词的数、名词的格。教学内容I名词三.名词的普通格作定语表材料、地点、用途、性质、泛指时间、整体等普通名词可以作定语，一般用单数形式。eg.stone
初一英语上海牛津版Unit2语法总结复习名词 本文内容：
课题名称
初一英语上海牛津版Unit
2语法总结复习名词(二)
教学目标
同步教学知识内容
Unit
2语法总结复习
个性化学习问题解决
名词
教学重点
名词的数
教学难点
名词的数、名词的格。
教学内容
I名词
三.
名词的普通格作定语
表材料、地点、用途、性质、泛指时间、整体等普通名词可以作定语，一般用单数形式。
eg.
stone
figures（石像）；paper
money（纸币）；country
music（乡村音乐）；table
cloth（桌布）；river
bank（河岸）；school
gate（校门口）；book
stores（书店）；traffic
lights（交通灯）；summer
holidays（暑假）；evening
dress（晚礼服）。
但在个别情况下，也有需用复数的。
eg.
sports
meet（运动会）；the
United
States
government（美国政府）；students
reading-room（学生阅览室）；goods
train（货车）；two
men
doctors（两个男医生）。
四.
重难点讲解：
1.
I
found
her
sitting
in
the
corner,reading
_____
newspaper,with
_____
in
her
eyes.
A.
a,tear
B.
a
piece
of,tears
C.
a,tears
D.
a
piece
of,tear
陷阱：误选D，许多学生错误地认为，既然news（消息）和
paper（纸）均为不可数名词，那么newspaper（报纸）也应是不可数的；同时认为“眼泪”即“泪水”，“水”不可数，“泪水”和“眼泪”也应该不可数。
分析：最佳答案为C。newspaper和
tear均为可数名词，它们不仅可以连用不定冠词、可以用复数，而且还可以连用数词。
Her
eyes
filled
with
tears.
她热泪盈眶。
She
dried
her
tears
with
a
handkerchief.
她用手帕擦干了眼泪。
The
newspapers
were
full
of
lies.
报纸上一片谎言。
A
newspaper
is
a
publication.
报纸是一种出版物。
2.
Her
father
works
as
a
______
in
a
hotel
and
her
mother
a
______
in
a
private
company.
A.
cooker,typewriter
B.
cook,typist
C.
cooker,typist
D.
cook,typewriter
陷阱：误选A，许多同学想当然地认为：cook
用作动词，表示“煮饭”，所以
cooker
应是其相应的名词，表示“煮饭的人”，即“厨师”；type
用作动词，表示“打字”，所以
typewriter
应表示“打字员”。
分析：“而事实是：cook=厨师，cooker=炊具；typist=打字员，typewriter=打字机。即此题正确答案为B。
3.
“Why
couldn’t
they
meet
us
at
five
o’clock?”
“Because
they
were
delayed
by
________.”
A.
heavy
traffic
B.
heavy
traffics
C.
crowded
traffic
D.
crowded
traffics
陷阱：B、C、D三项均容易误选。
分析：对于此题，首先要明确traffic为不可数名词，没有复数形式，故排除B和D。另外，汉语习惯说“交通拥挤”，而英语习惯上却不能用crowded
来修饰
traffic，要表示汉语的“交通拥挤”，英语通常说heavy
traffic，即选A。如下面一题也是选A：
She
is
not
a
competent
driver
and
can’t
cope
with
driving
in
_______.
A.
heavy
traffic
B.
heavy
traffics
C.
crowded
traffic
D.
crowded
traffics
4.
In
fact,_______
one
cause
that
leads
to
the
problem.
A.
cattle
is
B.
cattle
are
C.
cattles
are
D.
the
cattles
are
陷阱：此题容易误选A，想当然地认为cattle是单数，并且空格有表单数的one，自然谓语动词用is。
陷阱：其实，正确答案为B。cattle（牲畜，牛）为集合名词，尽管它不带复数词尾-s，却永远表示复数意义，若用作主语，谓语要用复数。又如：
For
this
many
cattle
were
killed.
为此宰了不少牲畜。
The
prisoners
were
herded
like
cattle.
囚犯像牲口一样被赶到一起。
类似地，police（警察），people（人），police（警察），poultry（家禽）等也具有同样用法，即只有单数形式，但却表示复数意义；用作主语时谓语通常也用复数；不与
a（n）
连用，但可与the连用（表示总括意义和特指）。如：The
poultry
have
been
fed.
家禽已经喂过饲料了。
In
Britain
police
do
not
usually
carry
guns.
在英国警察通常不带枪。
It
annoys
me
when
people
forget
to
say
“thank
you”.
遇到有人忘记道谢的时候，我就不痛快。
5.
By
all
_______,you
must
try
every
_______
to
help
him.
A.
mean,mean
B.
means,means
C.
means,mean
D.
mean,means
陷阱：误选C，认为第一空前有all修饰，故用means，而第二空前有every修饰，故用mean。
分析：其实，means是一个单复数同形的名词，并且永远带有尾-s。换句话说，在表示“方式”、“方法”时，不存在mean这一形式（mean主要用作动词，表示“意思是”；也可用作名词，表示“中间”、“中庸”）。此题正确答案为C，by
all
means为习语，意为“一定”、“尽一切办法”。顺便说一句，means用作主语时，其谓语的数需根据句意来确定。比较：
All
possible
means
have
been
tried.
所有可能的办法都已经试过了。
Every
possible
means
has
been
tried.
每种可能的办法都已经试过了。
若句意不能明确地表明主语的单复数，其谓语则用单数或复数均可。如：
Is
[Are]
there
any
other
means
of
getting
more
money?
还有其他什么办法可弄到更多钱吗?
6.
Jim
is
______
person,and
everyone
is
willing
to
be
______
with
him.
A.
so
kind
a,friends
B.
so
a
kind,friends
C.
so
kind
a,friend
D.
so
a
kind,friend
陷阱：误选C或D。认为
friend要用单数。
分析：其实此题最佳答案为A。so
kind
a
person相当于such
a
kind
person，注意两者中冠词的位置不同。be
friends
with是习语，意为“与……友好”、“跟……做朋友”，与之同义的类似地还有make
friends
with。值得说明的是，这类短语中的名词总是用复数，即使句子主语为单数也是如此。如：
He
is
friends
with
me.
他与我是朋友。
He
has
made
friends
with
everyone
here.
他与这儿的每个人交上了朋友。
7.
We
already
have
______
pencils,but
we
need
two
______
pens.
A.
dozen
of,dozen
B.
dozens
of,dozens
C.
dozens
of,dozen
D.
dozens
of,dozen
of
陷阱：误选
B。
分析：此题最佳答案为C。关于dozen的复数是否加词尾-s的问题比较复杂，大致原则是：
（1）当它与具体数字连用时，既不加复数词尾-s，也不后接介词of。
（2）当它不与具体数字连用，而是表示不确定的泛指数时，则不仅要加复数词尾-s，而且要后接介词
of，此时可将dozens
of（许多，几十）视为习语。如：
I’ve
been
there
dozens
of
times.
我去过那儿几十次。
She’s
got
dozens
of
boy-friends.
她的男朋友很多。
下面一例中的dozens加了复数词尾-s也属类似情况：
Pack
them
in
dozens.
按打装袋吧。
（3）当与
a
few,several
等数目不很具体的词连用时，加不加复数词尾-s均可，但需注意：不加复数词尾-s时，其后的介词of可以省略；加词尾-s时，其后介词
of不能省略。如：
several
dozen
（of）
pencils=several
dozens
of
pencils几打铅笔
注：英语较少使用many
dozen的说法，要表示类似意思可用dozens
of。
（4）当它后面的名词受
the,these,those
等特指限定词修饰时，或其后接的是us,them这样的人称代词时，则此时必须用介词
of。如：
two
dozen
of
these
eggs
两打这种鸡蛋
three
dozen
of
them
它们中的3打
注：score,hundred,thousand,million等也具有以上类似用法。
8.
She
raised
her
finger
to
her
lips
as
_____
for
silence.
A.
an
idea
B.
a
mark
C.
a
sign
D.
a
word
陷阱：容易误选B。
分析：应选C，sign与mark的区别是：sign
的意思是“迹象”、“征兆”gesture
or
movement
made
with
the
hand,head,etc,used
to
give
information,a
command,etc（用手或头等做出示意动作以传递信息或命令等），mark
的意思是
written
or
printed
symbol
or
figure,line
etc
made
as
signor
an
indication
of
sth（书写与印刷的符号或图、线等记号）。根据此二词的语义区别以及常识可知答案为C。类似地，下面两题的答案也是C：
（1）Those
black
clouds
are
a
sure
_____
that
it’s
going
to
rain.
A.
thing
B.
mark
C.
sign
D.
one
（2）
Just
as
a
famous
Chinese
saying
goes,a
timely
heavy
snow
is
a
______
of
good
harvest
next
year.
A.
mark
B.
track
C.
sign
D.
appearance
但是，下面一题却不能选sign，也不能选mark，而选symbol（象征）：
The
lion
is
considered
the
king
of
the
forest
as
it
is
a（n）
_____
of
courage
and
power.
A.
example
B.
sign
C.
mark
D.
symbol
9.
“May
I
take
your
order
now?”
“We’d
like
three
black
_______
and
two
green
_______.”
A.
coffee,cups
of
teas
B.
coffees,teas
C.
cups
of
coffee,tea
D.
cup
of
coffees,teas
陷阱：误选C，认为coffee和tea均为不可数名词，不能后加复数词尾-s，从而排除选项A、B、D。
分析：选B。有的同学认为
coffee
和tea是物质名词，不可数，不能用
three
coffees,two
teas
这样的表达。其实，coffee既可用作不可数名词，表示“咖啡”这种物质，也可用作可数名词，表示“一杯咖啡”，即在口语中
three
coffees
就等于
three
cups
of
coffee。同样，“三杯茶”既可说成
three
cups
of
tea，也可说成
three
teas；“三杯啤酒”既可说成
three
glasses
of
beer，也可说成
three
beers。
10.
_____
is
a
good
form
of
exercise
for
both
young
and
old.
A.
Walk
B.
Walking
C.
The
walk
D.
To
walk
陷阱：容易误选A或D。
分析：最佳答案为B。分析如下：
（1）首先，选项D不如选项B佳，因为，不定式通常表示特定的动作，而动名词才表示习惯性的动作。
（2）尽管walk用作名词时可以表示“散步”，但它是可数名词，指的是一次一次的具体的散步，而不表示抽象意义或泛指意义的“散步”，要表示此义，要用动名词
walking。比较：
How
about
going
for
a
walk?
出去散散步如何?
Walking
does
good
to
your
health.
散步对你的健康有益。
类似地，dance
和
dancing
以及
swim
和
swimming
的区别也是一样：
（1）名词的
dance表示“跳舞”，是可数名词，指的是一次一次的具体的跳舞，而不表示抽象意义或泛指意义的“跳舞”，要表示后者的意思，要用动名词转化来的名词
dancing。比较：
Let’s
have
a
dance.
我们跳曲舞吧。
He
is
interested
in
dancing.
他对跳舞感兴趣。
（2）名词的
swim表示“游泳”，是可数名词，指的是一次一次的具体的游泳，而不表示抽象意义或泛指意义的“游泳”，要表示后者的意思，要用动名词转化来的名词
swimming。比较：
She
had
a
swim
every
day.
她每天游一会儿泳。
She
loves
swimming.
她喜欢游泳。
一、提高题
1．Twelve
were
hurt,but
no
were
lost
in
that
accident.
A.
person,life
B.
people,livesC.
peoples,lives
D.
persons,life
2．
One
of
the
family
on
the
bed.
A.
photos
is
B.
photoes
areC.
photos
are
D.
photoes
is
3．There
are
some
foreigners
talking
in
the
room.
They
are
two,three
and
two
.
A.
Japanese;
Englishmen;
GermansB.
Japanese;
Englishman,German
C.
Japaneses;
Englishmen,GermansD.
Japanese,Englishmen,Germen
4．The
sign
“BUSINESS
HOURS”
can
be
seen
in
a
.
A.
shop
B.
schoolC.
park
D.
museum
5．
mother
made
them
have
piano
lessons.
A.
Peter
and
Anne
B.
Peter
s
and
Anne
sC.
Peter
s
and
Anne
D.
Peter
and
Anne
s
6．-Please
help
me
move
the
table
in.
-But
there
is
not
enough
for
it.
A.
place
B.
floorC.
room
D.
ground
7．These
_________
have
saved
many
children’s
lives.
A.
woman
doctors
B.
women
doctor
C.
women
doctors
D.
woman
doctor
8．Yesterday
Xiao
Min
bought
a
new
pair
of
.It
is
made
of
.
A.
glass;
glass
B.
glasses;
glass
C.
glasses;
glasses
D.
glass;
glasses
9．-How
does
Mr
Smith
go
to
his
office?
-Every
morning
he
takes
a
to
his
office.
A.20
minutes
walk
B.20
minute
s
walkC.20
minute
walk
D.20
minutes
walk
10．
I
went
to
the
shop
to
buy
a
dictionary.
A.
book
B.
books
C.
book
s
D.
books
11．-Do
you
think
selling
vegetables
?
-Yes,but
my
mother
likes
it
very
much.
A.
is
a
hard
work
B.
are
hard
workC.
is
hard
work
D.
is
hard
job
12．You
should
take
more
_______.
Don’t
always
sit
at
the
desk
busy
doing
your_______.
A.
exercise，
exercise
B.
exercises，
exercises
C.
exercises，
exercise
D.
exercise，
exercises
13．She
was
born
in
Wuhan，but
Beijing
has
become
her
second_______
.
A.
home
B.
family
C.
house
D.
country
14．_____
day
we’re
having
today!
A.
What
a
fine
B.
How
fine
C.
What
fine
a
D.
What
fine
15．What
did
the
headmaster
say
about
Jim’s
______?
A.
two-months
holiday
B.
two
months’
holidays
C.
two-month
holiday
D.
two
month’s
holiday
16．一Where
is
David?
一Oh,he
is
reading___
under
the
tall
tree
in
the
garden．
A．several
papers
B．several
paper
C．a
piece
of
paper
D．a
paper
17．一The
Internet
is
so
convenient
that
we
can
get
all
________we
wanted.
—That’s
right.
It
is
very
helpful
in
our
lives
now.
A．the
information
B．an
information
C．the
informations
D．information
18．---
What
about
Mr．Black’s
speech?
---
Wonderful!
There
were
____
people
there．
A.
a
large
number
of
B．much
C.a
great
deal
of
D.
Lots
9
/
9
篇3：初一英语上海牛津版Unit2语法总结复习therebe结构
初一英语上海牛津版Unit2语法总结复习therebe结构 本文关键词：牛津，上海，语法，复习，结构
初一英语上海牛津版Unit2语法总结复习therebe结构 本文简介：课题名称初一英语上海牛津版Unit2语法总结复习therebe结构教学目标同步教学知识内容Unit2语法总结复习个性化学习问题解决therebe结构教学重点therebe结构教学难点therebe结构讲与练教学内容I名词三.名词的普通格作定语表材料、地点、用途、性质、泛指时间、整体等普通名词可以作定
初一英语上海牛津版Unit2语法总结复习therebe结构 本文内容：
课题名称
初一英语上海牛津版Unit
2语法总结复习
there
be结构
教学目标
同步教学知识内容
Unit
2语法总结复习
个性化学习问题解决
there
be结构
教学重点
there
be结构
教学难点
there
be结构讲与练
教学内容
I名词
三.
名词的普通格作定语
表材料、地点、用途、性质、泛指时间、整体等普通名词可以作定语，一般用单数形式。
eg.
stone
figures（石像）；paper
money（纸币）；country
music（乡村音乐）；table
cloth（桌布）；river
bank（河岸）；school
gate（校门口）；book
stores（书店）；traffic
lights（交通灯）；summer
holidays（暑假）；evening
dress（晚礼服）。
但在个别情况下，也有需用复数的。
eg.
sports
meet（运动会）；the
United
States
government（美国政府）；students
reading-room（学生阅览室）；goods
train（货车）；two
men
doctors（两个男医生）。
四.
重难点讲解：
1.
I
found
her
sitting
in
the
corner,reading
_____
newspaper,with
_____
in
her
eyes.
A.
a,tear
B.
a
piece
of,tears
C.
a,tears
D.
a
piece
of,tear
陷阱：误选D，许多学生错误地认为，既然news（消息）和
paper（纸）均为不可数名词，那么newspaper（报纸）也应是不可数的；同时认为“眼泪”即“泪水”，“水”不可数，“泪水”和“眼泪”也应该不可数。
分析：最佳答案为C。newspaper和
tear均为可数名词，它们不仅可以连用不定冠词、可以用复数，而且还可以连用数词。
Her
eyes
filled
with
tears.
她热泪盈眶。
She
dried
her
tears
with
a
handkerchief.
她用手帕擦干了眼泪。
The
newspapers
were
full
of
lies.
报纸上一片谎言。
A
newspaper
is
a
publication.
报纸是一种出版物。
2.
Her
father
works
as
a
______
in
a
hotel
and
her
mother
a
______
in
a
private
company.
A.
cooker,typewriter
B.
cook,typist
C.
cooker,typist
D.
cook,typewriter
陷阱：误选A，许多同学想当然地认为：cook
用作动词，表示“煮饭”，所以
cooker
应是其相应的名词，表示“煮饭的人”，即“厨师”；type
用作动词，表示“打字”，所以
typewriter
应表示“打字员”。
分析：“而事实是：cook=厨师，cooker=炊具；typist=打字员，typewriter=打字机。即此题正确答案为B。
3.
“Why
couldn’t
they
meet
us
at
five
o’clock?”
“Because
they
were
delayed
by
________.”
A.
heavy
traffic
B.
heavy
traffics
C.
crowded
traffic
D.
crowded
traffics
陷阱：B、C、D三项均容易误选。
分析：对于此题，首先要明确traffic为不可数名词，没有复数形式，故排除B和D。另外，汉语习惯说“交通拥挤”，而英语习惯上却不能用crowded
来修饰
traffic，要表示汉语的“交通拥挤”，英语通常说heavy
traffic，即选A。如下面一题也是选A：
She
is
not
a
competent
driver
and
can’t
cope
with
driving
in
_______.
A.
heavy
traffic
B.
heavy
traffics
C.
crowded
traffic
D.
crowded
traffics
4.
In
fact,_______
one
cause
that
leads
to
the
problem.
A.
cattle
is
B.
cattle
are
C.
cattles
are
D.
the
cattles
are
陷阱：此题容易误选A，想当然地认为cattle是单数，并且空格有表单数的one，自然谓语动词用is。
陷阱：其实，正确答案为B。cattle（牲畜，牛）为集合名词，尽管它不带复数词尾-s，却永远表示复数意义，若用作主语，谓语要用复数。又如：
For
this
many
cattle
were
killed.
为此宰了不少牲畜。
The
prisoners
were
herded
like
cattle.
囚犯像牲口一样被赶到一起。
类似地，police（警察），people（人），police（警察），poultry（家禽）等也具有同样用法，即只有单数形式，但却表示复数意义；用作主语时谓语通常也用复数；不与
a（n）
连用，但可与the连用（表示总括意义和特指）。如：The
poultry
have
been
fed.
家禽已经喂过饲料了。
In
Britain
police
do
not
usually
carry
guns.
在英国警察通常不带枪。
It
annoys
me
when
people
forget
to
say
“thank
you”.
遇到有人忘记道谢的时候，我就不痛快。
5.
By
all
_______,you
must
try
every
_______
to
help
him.
A.
mean,mean
B.
means,means
C.
means,mean
D.
mean,means
陷阱：误选C，认为第一空前有all修饰，故用means，而第二空前有every修饰，故用mean。
分析：其实，means是一个单复数同形的名词，并且永远带有尾-s。换句话说，在表示“方式”、“方法”时，不存在mean这一形式（mean主要用作动词，表示“意思是”；也可用作名词，表示“中间”、“中庸”）。此题正确答案为C，by
all
means为习语，意为“一定”、“尽一切办法”。顺便说一句，means用作主语时，其谓语的数需根据句意来确定。比较：
All
possible
means
have
been
tried.
所有可能的办法都已经试过了。
Every
possible
means
has
been
tried.
每种可能的办法都已经试过了。
若句意不能明确地表明主语的单复数，其谓语则用单数或复数均可。如：
Is
[Are]
there
any
other
means
of
getting
more
money?
还有其他什么办法可弄到更多钱吗?
【名词典型例题】
1.
Ten
years
had
passed.
I
found
she
had
_______.
A.
a
few
white
hairs
B.
a
little
white
hair
C.
some
white
hair
D.
more
fifty
hair
2.—Hi,this
way,please.
—OK.I
sometimes
have
no
sense
of
______
when
I
arrive
at
the
crossroad.
A.
position
B.
direction
C.
situation
D.
condition
3.
Shelly
had
prepared
carefully
for
her
English
examination
so
that
she
could
be
sure
of
passing
it
on
her
first
________.
A.
intention
B.
attempt
C.
purpose
D.
desire
4.
I
didn’t
have
to
work
all
weekend
—
I
did
it
by
_______.
A.
chance
B.
choice
C.
accident
D.
myself
5.
“Did
you
get
_____
to
the
party?”
“Yes,I
replied
to
it
this
morning.”
A.
an
answer
B.
an
invitation
C.
a
question
D.
a
letter
6.
I
paid
him
￡50
for
the
painting,but
its
true
______
must
be
at
least
￡500.
A.
price
B.
money
C.
value
D.
importance
7.
His
letter
was
so
confusing
that
I
could
hardly
make
any
______
of
it.
A.
explanation
B.
meaning
C.
sense
D.
guess
8.
You’ve
just
missed
your
______,and
you
will
have
to
wait
for
the
next
round.
A.
chance
B.
turn
C.
time
D.
part
9.
—Li
Lin
is
very
bright
and
studies
hard
as
well.
—It’s
no
______
he
always
gets
the
first
place
in
any
examination.
A.
question
B.
doubt
C.
problem
D.
wonder
10.
—How
can
I
use
this
washing
machine?
—Well,just
refer
to
the
_______.
A.
explanations
B.
expressions
C.
introductions
D.
directions
11.
Jim
was
late
for
two
classes
this
morning.
He
said
that
he
forgot
both
of
the
______.
A.
rooms
number
B.
room
number
C.
room’s
numbers
D.
room
numbers
12.
—Hello,I’d
like
to
speak
to
Henry.
—Oh,which
_______?
There
are
two
______
in
our
office.
A.
Henrys,Henrys
B.
Henries,Henries
C.
Henry,Henrys
D.
Henrys,Henries
13.
Electricity,like
other
forms
of
______,has
greatly
increased
in
price
in
recent
years.
A.
pressure
B.
force
C.
strength
D.
energy
14.
In
order
to
learn
the
_______
of
the
family
business,Bill
took
a
job
as
messenger
boy
in
one
of
the
offices.
A.
ins
and
outs
B.
dos
and
don’ts
C.
heads
and
tails
D.
t’s
and
i’s
15.
—I’ve
got
an
“A”
in
the
examination.
—That’s
a
good
______.
You
will
surely
win
a
second.
A.
result
B.
news
C.
start
D.
idea
答案与解析：
1.
选A。hair
可用作可数或不可数名词，用作可数名词时，指一根一根的毛发或头发，如说
There’s
a
hair
in
my
soup
（我的汤里有根头发）；用作不可数名词时，则是整体地指一个人的头发。
2.
选B。需根据句意来分析。have
no
sense
of
direction
意为“没有方向感”。
3.
选B。需根据句意来分析。attempt
在此表示“尝试”。
4.
选B，由于上文说
didn’t
have
to
work，所以下文相应的语境应是
did
it
by
choice。类似地，下面一题应选D，也是因为choice与下文的have
to
do
it
相呼应：
Were
you
given
a
_____,or
did
you
have
to
do
it?
A.
job
B.
duty
C.
request
D.
choice
5.
选
B。注意其后的
to
the
party
和
replied
to
it。
6.
选C。value
指“价值”。
7.
选C。make
sense
of
意为“明白”、“理解”。比较：make
sense
意为“有意义”、“意思清楚”、“有道理”。如下面一题选D：
What
he
told
us
about
the
situation
simply
doesn’t
make
any
______.
A.
use
B.
reason
C.
value
D.
sense
8.
选B。miss
one’s
turn
意为“错过机会”，注意下文的
…have
to
wait
for
the
next
round
所表示的语境。
9.
选D。it’s
no
wonder
（+that从句）的意思是“难怪”，也可说成
No
wonder
（+that从句）。
10.
选D。directions
的意思是“使用说明”，空格前的
refer
to
意为“查看”、“参考”。
11.
选D。room
为无生命名词，不用
room’s
这样的所有格形式，在此可直接用名词作定语。类似地，下面一题要选B，也是一样的道理（名词作定语通常用单数不用复数）：
The
boy
was
very
happy
that
his
mother
bought
him
a
new
pair
of
shoes
at
a
______
yesterday.
A.
shoes
shop
B.
shoe
shop
C.
shoes’s
shop
D.
shoe’s
12.
选C。在通常情况下，专有名词具有“独一无二”性，因此它通常没有复数形式，即不可数。但是，专有名词的独一无二性有时是相对的，随着范围的扩大，这种独一无二性便会受到破坏。如在一个星期（week）内，只有一个星期六（Saturday），
一个星期日（Sunday）等，但是在一个月中甚至一年中，便有多个星期六，多个星期日了。所以我们有时可以说：We
have
spent
many
happy
Sundays
there.
我们在那儿度过了许多个愉快的星期日。另外一点值得注意的是，与一般的名词单数变复数不同，以“辅音字母+y”结尾的专有名词，其直接加词尾-s，而不将y改为i。
13.
选D。从常识来考虑，electricity
属于
energy，结合全句的语境，只有D最合适。同样地，下面一题从常识和语境来考虑也应选D：
（1）Some
countries
are
increasing
their
use
of
natural
gas,and
other
forms
of
______.
A.
source
B.
material
C.
power
D.
energy
（2）The
______
has
become
extremely
tense.
A
war
could
break
out
any
time
between
the
two
sides.
A.
pollution
B.
friendship
C.
condition
D.
situation
14.
选A。ins
and
outs
意为“细节”，dos
and
don’ts
意为“注意事项”，heads
or
tails
为掷钱币打赌时用语，意为“你赌正面还是赌反面”，p’s
and
q’s主要用于
mind
one’s
p’s
and
q’s，意为“留意自己的言行”。结合句意，选A最合适。
15.
选C。从语法上看，news
不可选，因为它不可数；从意义上看，D不可选，因为选D意思不通；比较A和C，选C最合适，因为
start与下文的
a
second
相吻合
II.
there
be结构讲与练
“there
be”
结构在英语中表示某处有某物。there
之后除了可以用is,was,are,were外，还可以用其他含有be的各种谓语表现形式。这种结构在英语中应用非常广泛。现将其用法归纳总结如下：
一、“there
be”
之后如有一系列事物，be
应与靠
近的一个名词保持数的一致
例
There
is
a
book,two
pens
and
some
pictures
on
the
table.
There
are
dozens
of
students
and
a
teacher
in
the
classroom.
二、“there
be“结构中的谓语动词可以是“be
going
to
(
seem
to,happen
to,used
to,be
likely
to
…)”+
动词原形
例
There
happened
to
be
a
car
nearby.
There
is
likely
to
be
a
meeting
at
5.
三、“ｔhere
be”结构中还可以用be以外的不及物动词，如
live,exist,stand,lie,remain,go,come
等
例
There
stands
a
tall
tree
on
the
top
of
the
mountain.
There
lies
a
small
river
between
the
two
hills.
四、
“There
be”结构中的谓语动词有时可用被动形式
例
There
was
said
to
be
troops
on
the
frontiers
.
There
was
said
to
be
a
number
of
the
wounded
on
both
sides.
五、“there
be”
结构的非限定形式there
to
be，
there
being，
它们可作主语，宾语或状语
1.
作主语
“there
being”
可起名词作用，
直接位于句首作主语；
there
to
be
+
名词词组作主语，
通常用for
引导。
例
There
being
a
bus
stop
near
the
house
is
a
great
advantage.
It
is
impossible
for
there
to
be
any
more.
2.
作宾语
(1)
作动词宾语时，通常用“there
to
be”
结构
。能这样用的及物动词为数有限，常见的有
expect,like，
mean,intend,want,prefer,hate等。
例
We
expect
there
to
be
no
argument.
Would
you
like
there
to
be
a
picture
on
the
wall?
(2)
作介词宾语时，如果介词是for，便只能用“there
to
be”结构，否则多用“there
being”结构。
例
The
teacher
was
waiting
for
there
to
be
complete
silence.
The
secretary
arranged
for
there
to
be
another
interview.
3.
作状语
用作状语的there
be非谓语形式，通常用there
being结构。
例
There
being
nobody
in
the
room,he
didn’t
go
in.
There
being
no
further
business,the
chairman
closed
the
meeting.
注意：如果句中出现for时应用there
to
be
例
It
was
too
late
for
there
to
be
any
buses.
It’s
too
early
for
there
to
be
anybody
up.
【巩固练习】
1.
It
isn’t
cold
enough
for
there
____
a
frost
tonight,so
I
can
leave
Jim’s
car
out
quite
safely.
A.
to
be
B.
would
be
C.
being
D.
was
2.
--Did
you
hear
about
the
fire
down
the
street?
--There
___a
lot
of
news
about
it
on
TV
last
night.
A.
was
B.
had
C.
is
D.
were
3.
There
____
many
changes
in
the
village
recently.
A.
is
B.
are
C.
have
been
D.
to
be
4.
There
___nobody
else
at
hand,I
had
to
do
it
by
myself.
A.
being
B.
was
C.
have
D.
to
be
5.
We
have
no
objection
to
____a
meeting
here.
A.
there
to
be
B.
there
being
C.
there
is
D.
there
having
6.
I
don’t
expect
there
____
any
misunderstanding.
A.
is
B.
to
be
C.
being
D.
will
be
7.
Bill
was
relying
on
____
another
chance.
A.
there
to
be
B.
there
is
C.
there
have
D.
there
being
8.
There
____
a
dictionary
is
very
helpful
to
the
students
of
English.
A.
is
B.
to
be
C.
being
D.
have
9.
There
used
to
be
a
temple
here,_____?
A.
usedn’t
it
B.
used
there
C.
didn’t
it
D.
didn’t
there
10.
There
____a
meeting
tonight.
A.
is
going
be
B.
is
going
to
have
C.
is
going
to
D.
is
going
to
be
11.
We
don’t
want
____
to
be
any
student
lagging
behind.
A.
it
B.
that
C.
there
D.
this
12.
There
____so
few
people
in
the
streets
was
unusual.
A.
to
be
B.
is
C.
was
D.
being
13.
There
___
a
time
when
they
were
good
friends.
A.
is
coming
B.
come
C.
to
be
D.
comes
14.
There
is
now
some
hope
of
____
a
settlement
of
the
dispute.
A.
to
be
B
.
there
to
be
C.
there
being
D.
being
15.
It
would
be
surprising
for_______
no
objections.
A.
to
be
B.
there
to
be
C.
there
being
D.
there
having
16.
There
______
much
to
be
done.
A.
remain
B.
remaining
C.
remains
D.
to
remain
17.
There
______to
be
more
discussions.
A.
was
expected
B.
expecting
C.
expects
D.
was
expecting
18.
People
don
t
want
______
another
war.
A.
being
B.
there
is
C.
will
be
D.
there
to
be
19.
He
was
disappointed
at
______so
few
friends
present
at
his
birthday
party.
A.
there
is
B.
there
to
be
C.
there
being
D.
have
20.______
nothing
else
to
do,we
went
home.
A.
Will
be
B.
There
being
C.
There
to
be
D.
Is
there
Key
1-5
AACAB
6-10
BACDD
11-15
CDDCB
16-20
CADCB
11
/
11