英语划分句子成分知识点总结 本文关键词：句子成分，知识点，英语，划分
英语划分句子成分知识点总结 本文简介：英语句子成分（一）句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。（二）主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。但在therebe结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助
英语划分句子成分知识点总结 本文内容：
英语句子成分
（一）句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。
（二）主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。但在there
be结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如：
During
the
1990s,American
country
music
has
become
more
and
more
popular.（名词）
We
often
speak
English
in
class.（代词）
One-third
of
the
students
in
this
class
are
girls.（数词）
To
swim
in
the
river
is
a
great
pleasure.（不定式）
Smoking
does
harm
to
the
health.（动名词）
The
rich
should
help
the
poor.（名词化的形容词）
When
we
are
going
to
have
an
English
test
has
not
been
decided.（主语从句）
It
is
necessary
to
master
a
foreign
language.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）
（三）谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下：
1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：He
practices
running
every
morning.
2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如：You
may
keep
the
book
for
two
weeks.
He
has
caught
a
bad
cold.
（2）由系动词加表语构成。如：We
are
students.
（四）表语：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be,become,get,look,grow,turn,seem等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。例如：
Our
teacher
of
English
is
an
American.（名词）
Is
it
yours?（代词）
The
weather
has
turned
cold.（形容词）
The
speech
is
exciting.（分词）
Three
times
seven
is
twenty
one?（数词）
His
job
is
to
teach
English.（不定式）
His
hobby（爱好）is
playing
football.（动名词）
The
machine
must
be
out
of
order.（介词短语）
Time
is
up.
The
class
is
over.（副词）
The
truth
is
that
he
has
never
been
abroad.（表语从句）
（五）宾语：宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如：
They
went
to
see
an
exhibition（展览）yesterday.（名词）
The
heavy
rain
prevented
me
form
coming
to
school
on
time.（代词）
How
many
dictionaries
do
you
have?
I
have
five.（数词）
They
helped
the
old
with
their
housework
yesterday.（名词化形容词）
He
pretended
not
to
see
me.（不定式短语）
I
enjoy
listening
to
popular
music.（动名词短语）
I
think（that）he
is
fit
for
his
office.（宾语从句）
宾语种类：（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），例如：Lend
me
your
dictionary,please.（2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补），例如：They
elected
him
their
monitor.
（六）宾语补足语：英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make等+宾语+宾补）。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。例如：
His
father
named
him
Dongming.（名词）
They
painted
their
boat
white.（形容词）
Let
the
fresh
air
in.（副词）
You
mustn’t
force
him
to
lend
his
money
to
you.（不定式短语）
We
saw
her
entering
the
room.（现在分词）
We
found
everything
in
the
lab
in
good
order.（介词短语）
We
will
soon
make
our
city
what
your
city
is
now.（从句）
（七）定语：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可由以下等成分表示：
Guilin
is
a
beautiful
city.（形容词）
China
is
a
developing
country;
America
is
a
developed
country.（分词）
There
are
thirty
women
teachers
is
our
school.（名词）
His
rapid
progress
in
English
made
us
surprised.（代词）
Our
monitor
is
always
the
first
to
enter
the
classroom.（不定式短语）
The
teaching
plan
for
next
term
has
been
worked
out.（动名词）
He
is
reading
an
article
about
how
to
learn
English.（介词短语）
（八）状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。可由以下形式表示：
Light
travels
most
quickly.（副词及副词性词组）
He
has
lived
in
the
city
for
ten
years.（介词短语）
He
is
proud
to
have
passed
the
national
college
entrance
examination.（不定式短语）
He
is
in
the
room
making
a
model
plane.（分词短语）
Wait
a
minute.（名词）
Once
you
begin,you
must
continue.（状语从句）
状语种类如下：
How
about
meeting
again
at
six?（时间状语）
Last
night
she
didn’t
go
to
the
dance
party
because
of
the
rain.（原因状语）
I
shall
go
there
if
it
doesn’t
rain.（条件状语）
Mr
Smith
lives
on
the
third
floor.（地点状语）
She
put
the
eggs
into
the
basket
with
great
care.（方式状语）
She
came
in
with
a
dictionary
in
her
hand.（伴随状语）
In
order
to
catch
up
with
the
others,I
must
work
harder.（目的状语）
He
was
so
tired
that
he
fell
asleep
immediately.（结果状语）
She
works
very
hard
though
she
is
old.（让步状语）
I
am
taller
than
he
is.（比较状语）
英语句子结构
英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂，但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。换言之，绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。这五个基本句式如下：
S十V主谓结构
S十V十F主系表结构
S十V十O主谓宾结构
S十V十O1十O2
主谓双宾结构
S十V十O十C
主谓宾补结构
说明：S＝主语；V＝谓语；P＝表语；O＝宾语；O1＝间接宾语；O2＝直接宾语；C＝宾
语补足语五个基本句式详细解释如下：
1．S十V句式
在此句式中，V是不及物动词，又叫自动词(vi．)。例如：
He
runs
quickly．他跑得快。
They
listened
carefully．他们听得很仔细。
He
suffered
from
cold
and
hunger．他挨冻受饿。
China
belongs
to
the
third
world
country．中国属于第三世界国家。
The
gas
has
given
out．煤气用完了。
My
ink
has
run
out．我的钢笔水用完了。
2．S十V十P句式
在此句式中，V是系动词(link
v．)，常见的系动词有：look，seem，appear，sound，feel，taste，smell，grow，get，fall
ill/asleep，stand/sit
still，become，turn等。例如：
He
is
older
than
he
looks．他比看上去要老。
He
seen
interested
in
the
book．他似乎对这本书感兴趣。
The
story
sounds
interesting．这个故事听起来有趣。
The
desk
feels
hard．书桌摸起来很硬。
The
cake
tastes
nice．饼尝起来很香。
The
flowers
smell
sweet
and
nicc．花闻起来香甜。
You
have
grown
taller
than
before．你长得比以前高了。
He
has
suddenly
fallen
ill．他突然病倒了。
He
stood
quite
still．他静静地站看。
He
becomes
a
teacher
when
he
grew
up．他长大后当了教师。
注意：有些动词同时也是及物动词，可构成SVO句式，例如：
He
looked
me
up
and
down．他上下打量我。
He
reached
his
hand
to
feel
the
elephant．他伸出手来摸象。
They
are
tasting
the
fish．他们在品尝鱼。
They
grow
rice
in
their
home
town．他们在家乡种水稻。
He
s
got
a
chair
to
sit
on．他有椅子坐。
Please
turn
the
sentence
into
English．请把这个句于泽成英语。
3．S十V十O句式
在此句式中，V是及物动词(vt．)，因此有宾语。例如：
I
saw
a
film
yesterday．我昨天看了一部电影。
Have
you
read
the
story?
你读过这个故事吗?
They
found
their
home
easily．他们很容易找到他们的家。
They
built
a
house
last
year．他们去年建了一所房子。
They
ve
put
up
a
factory
in
the
village．他们在村里建了一座工厂。
They
have
taken
good
care
of
the
children．这些孩子他们照看得很好。
You
should
look
after
your
children
well．你应该好好照看你的孩子。
4．S十V十O1十O2句式
在此句式中，V是带有双宾语的及物动词。常见的须带双宾语的动词有give，ask，bring，offer，send，pay，lend，show，tell，buy，get；rob，warn等。例如：
He
gave
me
a
book/a
book
to
me．他给我一本书。
He
brought
me
a
pen/a
pen
to
me．他带给我一枝钢笔。
He
offered
me
his
seat/his
seat
to
me．他把座位让给我。
注意下边动词改写后介词的变化：
Mother
bought
me
a
book/a
book
for
me.
妈妈给我买了一本书。
He
got
me
a
chair/a
chair
for
me．他给我弄了一把椅子。
Please
do
me
a
favor/a
favor
for
me．请帮我一下。
He
asked
me
a
question/a
question
of
me．他问我个问题。
注意，下边动词只有一种说法：
They
robbed
the
old
man
of
his
money．他们抢了老人的钱。
He
s
warned
me
of
the
danger.
他警告我注意危险。
The
doctor
has
cured
him
of
his
disease．医生治好了他的病。
We
must
rid
the
house
of
th
erats．我们必须赶走屋里的老鼠。
They
deprived
him
of
his
right
to
speak．他们剥夺了他说话的权利。
5．S十V十O十C句式
在此句式中，V是有宾语补足语的及物动词。常带宾语补足语的词有形容词、副词、介词短语、名词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词常见的可接宾语补足语的动词很多，哪些动词可接哪几种形式作宾补，须根据动词的惯用法而定，不能统而概论。请看下面的例子。
They
made
the
girl
angry．他们使这个女孩生气了。
They
found
her
happy
that
day．他们发现那天她很高兴。
I
found
him
out．我发现他出去了。
I
saw
him
in．我见他在家。
They
saw
a
foot
mark
in
the
sand．他们发现沙地上有脚印。
They
named
the
boy
Charlie．他们给这个男孩起名为查理。
I
saw
him
come
in
and
go
out．我见他进来又出去。
They
felt
the
car
moving
fast．他们感到汽车行驶得很快。
I
heard
the
glass
broken
just
now．我刚才听到玻璃碎了。
He
found
the
doctor
of
study
closed
to
him．他发现研究所的大门对他关闭了。
eg.
1.
We
are
working.
我们在工作。主系表
2.
I
can
swim
very
well.
我游泳泳地很好。主谓
3.
The
waiter
brought
a
bottle
of
beer
to
me.
那个使者给我了一瓶啤酒。主谓双宾/主谓宾状
4.
Why
does
the
wind
blow?
风为什么会吹？主谓
5.
The
rain
has
been
pulling
down
for
a
whole
day.
雨已经下了一整天了。主谓
6.
Both
Tom
and
Jack
enjoy
country
music.
汤姆和杰克都喜欢乡村音乐。主谓宾
7.
Jim
asked
you
to
give
his
best
wishes
to
everyone.
吉姆请我把他的最好的祝愿带给每个人。主谓宾补
8.
You
must
get
the
car
ready
by
tomorrow.
到明天为止你一定要把小车准备好。主谓宾补
9.
I
have
a
lot
of
clothes
to
wash.
我有许多的衣服需要洗。主谓宾，to
wash做clothes的定语
10.
He
gave
his
son
some
advice
on
reading.
他在阅读方面给了他的儿子一些建议。主谓双宾
11.
Read
me
the
first
paragraph.
给我读第一段。主谓双宾
12.
I’ve
ordered
some
soup
for
you.
我已经为你要了一些汤。主谓双宾/主谓宾状
13.
He
began
leaning
English
ten
years
ago.
十年前他开始学英语。主谓宾
14.
My
being
late
worried
my
teacher.
我的迟到让我的老师很担心。主谓宾，动名词短语My
being
late做主语
15.
The
president
himself
would
visit
our
school.
总统将亲自参观我们的学校。主谓宾
16.
April
fool’Day
is
the
special
day
of
the
year
愚人节是一年中很特别的一天。主系表
17.
He
usually
takes
a
nap
after
lunch.
他通常在午饭之后要小睡一会儿。主谓宾
18.
I
got
it
back
at
once.
我马上把它取回
。主谓宾
19.
He
finished
lunch
and
went
into
the
garden.
他吃完午饭后去了花园。主+并列谓语
20.
The
telephone
rang.
电话响了。主谓
21.
We
study
hard.
我们努力学习。主谓
22.
His
father
might
have
died.
他的父亲可能已经去世了。主谓
23.
Will
you
leave
the
door
open/
unclosed?
你要把门开着？主谓宾补
24.
Can
you
make
the
dog
stand
still?
你能让那只狗站着不动吗？主谓宾补
25.
The
landlord
had
them
working
day
and
night.
地主让他们整天工作，主谓宾补
26.
A
sound
knowledge
of
grammar
is
important
to
good
writing.
扎实的语法知识对于写作是重要的。主系表
27.
We
all
breathe,eat，
and
drink.
我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。主谓
28.
I
woke
up
at
6:00
in
the
morning。
我在早上6点钟起床。主谓
29.
The
book
weighs
five
kilos.
那本书重达10斤。主谓，five
kilos做状语
30.
They
will
be
flying
to
London.
他们将飞往伦敦。主谓宾
7