五.介词:
介词是一种虚词，它不能单独使用，后面要跟名词、人称代词宾格或动名词。同一个动词，搭配不同的介词，可以衍变出各种不同含义的词组来，而且在不同场合所用介词也各不相同。因此，介词的用法是比较复杂的，要求我们去逐个记住。只有在看懂、理解整个句意的前提下，才能选对正确的介词。
例题解析:
()Mr.BrownflewtoWashington_____thenightbeforelast.
A)inB)onC)atD)/
在表达某一天的具体时间时，应该用介词“on”。但是本句是表达“在前天的夜里”，与“在前天”(thedaybeforeyesterday）相仿，前面不该用任何介词，所以本题答案应该选“D”。
()Theschoolgateis______thenorthoftheclassroombuilding.
A)inB)toC)onD)at
在英语中，表达“东、南、西、北”的方位介词常见有三个：表示在方位区域的内部时，用介词“in”。如：Theplaygroundisinthesouthoftheschool.（操场在学校的南面。）表示在与方位区域连壤的外部时，应该用介词“on”。如：Room203isonthewestofRoom205.（203室在205室的西面。）表示在与方位区域不连壤的外部时，应该用介词“to”。如：ShanghaiistotheeastofNanjing.（上海在南京的东面。）本题的“校门”在“教学大楼”的北面，应该用介词“to”，所以答案应该选“B”。
()You’llgetonethousanddollars_____.
A)afterallB)atallC)inallD)alltogether
“afterall”意为“到底”、“毕竟”、“终于”；“atall”通常与“not”连用，意为“完全不”、“一点也不”；“inall”通常用于数量词后面，意为“总共”，同义词是“altogether”。所以本题答案应该选“C”。
()Thisbuscanrun_____70milesanhour.
A)forB)withC)atD)in
在表示“速度”、“温度”、“价格”意思时，应该用介词“at”。所以本题答案应该选“C”。
()It’ssaidhestayedtherequietly_____twoo’clockthatafternoon.
A)onB)atC)untilD)by
“attwoo’clockthatafternoon”意为“在昨天下午两点钟”，时态通常用“过去进行时”；“bytwoo’clockthatafternoon”意为“在昨天下午两点钟前”，时态通常用“过去完成时”；“untiltwoo’clockthatafternoon”意为“直到昨天下午两点钟”，时态通常用“一般过去时”。本句中“stay”是延续动词，因此可用“until”句型；如果句中谓语是瞬间动词的话，就应该用“not…until”句型了。所以本题答案应该选“C”。
()Tomdidn’tattendthelectureyesterdayevening_____hisillness.
A)asB)forC)becauseD)becauseof
在本句中，“因为生病”是一个词语，而不是原因状语从句，因此，不能选连词“as”、“for”或“because”来连接，而要用介词词组“becauseof”。所以本题答案应该选“D”。
()Nowit’squiteimportant_____ustomakefulluseoftime.
A)forB)toC)ofD)with
“It’simportanttosb.”（意为“它对某人来说很重要”）是词语搭配，“It’s…forsb.todo…”（意为“做某事对某人来说是怎样的”）是句型。当两者交叉、重叠使用时，词语要让位于句型。所以本题答案应该选“A”。同样，“Ilikeitsomuchthat…”句型中用“so”、而不用“very”，也属于这种类型的表达方式。
()It’snice_____youtogettheticket_____F1.It’ssaidthecar-raceisveryexciting.
A)of,forB)for,forC)of,ofD)for,of
这句是“It’s…ofsb.todo”句型，意为“某人真是怎么样，做了某事”。后半句中“ticketfor”是固定词语，意为“什么内容的票子”。所以本题答案应该选“A”。
习题训练:
Choosethebestanswer(选择最恰当的答案，用A、B、C或D表示，填入空格内):
()1.Youcandrawit______paintsandbrushes.
A)byB)withC)inD)use
()2.Whatdidyouhave______breakfast?
A)asB)withC)aboutD)for
()3.Thepolice_____helpingtomakeourcityasafeplacetoliveandwork_____.
A)is,inB)are,inC)is,/D)are,/
()4.I’vegotthreequestion_____youtothinkabout.
A)ofB)forC)giveD)toshow
()5.Wecanaskpeople_____theFestivaltodothequiz.
A)inB)onC)atD)for
()6.Whathappenswhenweputsomesugar_____aglassofwarmwater?
A)onB)offC)outD)into
()7._____theyarrivedatthevillageafterall.
A)AttheendB)IntheendC)LastD)Attentively
()8.Theclassteacherwassent_____Christmascards_____someofthestudents.
A)to,byB)/,byC)to,fromD)/,to
()9.Q:Whatisthatfilm_____?A:It’sasciencefilm.
A)likeB)aboutC)onD)for
()10.Whynotaskyourfriend_____someadviceifyou’rereallyintrouble?
A)offerB)togiveC)toD)for
()11.Thebeautifulhouseis_____sale.Butitwon’tbe_____sale.
A)on,forB)for,onC)with,forD)with,on
()12.Theweatherherewas_____coldlastweek.
A)akindB)akindofC)kindofD)kindsof
()13.Thesinginggroupismade_____fourhandsomelads.
A)ofB)fromC)upofD)upfrom
()14.Something_____wrong_____mywatch,I'mafraid.
A)is,withB)is,inC)are,withD)are,in
()15.There_____amanandtwowomen_____thepicture.
A)is,onB)are,inC)are,onD)is,in
()16.Marydoesn’tknowwhatliesahead._____,she’sonly12.
A)AtallB)InallC)AfterallD)Forall
()17.Shouldwe_____thepostage_____theparcelbyourselves?
A)pay,onB)pay,ofC)payfor,onD)payfor,of
()18.Alice_____herservicetothepublic.
A)wasawardedtheprizeforB)wasdeservedtogettheprizefor
C)wasproudforD)waspleasedfor
六.动词:
动词八种时态、语态和几种变化形式
八种时态主动语态被动语态
一般现在时(经常,反复,爱好,特点,条件,真理)do;doesam;is;aredone
一般过去时(过去发生的事,不强调现在的结果)did;-edwas;weredone
一般将来时(将要发生的事)willdowillbedone
现在进行时(现在正在发生的事)am;is;aredoingam;is;arebeingdone
过去进行时(当时正在发生的事)was;weredoingwas;werebeingdone
现在完成时(过去发生的事,强调现在的结果)have;hasdonehave;hasbeendone
过去完成时(过去完成的事；过去以前发生的事)haddonehadbeendone
过去将来时(过去将要发生的事)woulddowouldbedone
**************
不定式:do;notdo;todo;nottodo命令式:do;don'tdo
现在分词:doing动名词:doing过去分词:done
例题解析:
()Look.Mary_____anicedog.She_____itjustnow.
A)hasdrawn,drewB)drew,hasdrawnC)isdrawing,drewD)isdrawing,hasdrawn
在“Look”、“It’sevening”、“Whereissb.…?”等句子后面，可能要用“现在进行时”，也有可能要用“现在完成时”。反正，要根据具体情况来具体分析，考虑问题一定要从整体情况着眼。本题后半句“justnow”意为“刚才”，很明显要用“一般过去时”，因此前句如用“现在进行时”就不妥，造成句意逻辑上的错误。前句用“现在完成时”才对。所以本题答案应该选“A”。
()Thiskindoffridge_____verywell.
A)sellB)sellsC)aresoldD)issold
在英语中，表达某物销路不错，要用表示“特点”的“一般现在时”形式，而不能用“被卖”这种被动语态形式来表示。由于本句主语“thiskindoffridge”是单数第三人称，所以本题答案应该选“B”。
()What_____Mr.Smith?Helooksworriedsomuch.
A)happenswithB)happenstoC)happenedwithD)happenedto
在英语中，“发生”通常可译为“happened”或“tookplace”，要注意它不能变“被动语态”。本题之意是“史密斯先生发生了什么事？他显得很焦虑。”因此，“发生”不能用表示经常行为的“一般现在时”形式，应该用“一般过去时”的“happenedtosb.”固定词组来表达。所以本题答案应该选“D”。
()Mary:ShallItellMichaelaboutthenews?
Jack:No,you__________.He’salreadyknownit.
A)can’tB)mustn’tC)needn’tD)don’t
本题是考核情态动词句型的正确回答。在“MustIdo…?”、“ShallIdo…?”、“Wouldyoulikemetodo…?”问句后面都可以用“No,youneedn’t.”(不必要)来回答。本题根据后句的句意应该选此回答为妥。所以答案应该选“C”。在“MayI…?”问句后面，通常有以下几种否定回答：1.No,youmustn’t.2.No,youmaynot.3.Sorry,youcan’t.4.I’mafraidyoucan’t.5.No,youcan’t.
()_____clothesareusually_____nearafireinwinter.
A)Washed,hungB)Washed,hangedC)Washing,hungD)Washing,hanged
“washed”意为“被洗过的”，可以修饰“衣服”；“washing”意为“正在洗的”，它该修饰人、不该修饰“衣服”。后句意为“被挂在火炉旁”，该用过去分词“hung”才对。“hanged”也是“hang”的过去分词，但是它的意思是“被绞死”。所以本题答案应该选“A”。
()Thebook_____byme.I_____ittoafriendofmine.
A)iswritten,sentB)iswritten,havesent
C)waswritten,sentD)waswritten,havesent
“书是被某人写的”、“书是在某地方被写的”都是表示发生在以前的动作，该用一般过去时被动语态。如过说“书是被用英语写的”，那就是指书的特点了，就该用一般现在时被动语态了。后半句意为“我把它寄给朋友了”是强调现在书不在我这里。不是强调过去寄的，不该用一般过去时，而该用现在完成时。这种类型的时态，学生最容易错，千万要注意。英语中有许多动作是以前发生的、但没有时间状语的句子都用“现在完成时”表达。所以本题答案应该选“D”。
()Mr.Jackson_____thecityquitewellsincehe_____inthecityforacoupleofyears.
A)knows,wasB)hasknown,wasC)knows,hasbeenD)hasknown,hasbeen
本句中的“since”不是“自从”之意，因此，前半句与后半句用“现在完成时”和“一般现在时”的形式做是错误的。本句中的“since”意为“由于”，与“as”近义。根据句意，“熟悉城市”是表示杰克逊先生的“特点”，要用“一般现在时”表达；“他来到这个城市有两、三年了”是表示到现在为止的结果情况，要用“现在完成时”表达。所以本题答案应该选“C”。
()Couldyoutellme_____?
A)howtodoitB)whydoitC)howtodoD)whattodoit
由于“do”通常用作及物动词，因此要注意它有否宾语。要避免“C”的没有宾语和“D”的重叠宾语的错误。“B”是不定式遗漏了“to”，所以本题答案应该选“A”。关于“do”的这种特点很重要，为了熟记它，可以背一句口诀：“howtodoit,whattodo”。
()Englishishisfavouritesubject.Hecan_____itveryfluently.
A)sayB)talkC)speakD)tell
由于后句“it”指的是“English”，因此要用动词“speak”才对。所以本题答案应该选“C”。“talk”是不及物动词，后面不跟宾语。“speak”既可作不及物动词用，也可作及物动词，宾语只能是语言。“tell”的宾语有限；有“astory”、“thedifference”、“thetruth”、“alie”、“thetime”等。“say”可跟的宾语最多，不再一一例举。由此句我们得到启示；即我们在做习题时不要被单词的表面现象所迷惑，一定要看清楚它的内涵，即注意到它的真正含义是什么。再举两个例子来说明注意内涵的重要性：例1.ArecorderisusedtolearnEnglishinourclass.例2.HisspokenEnglishispoor.Heonlyspeaksawordofit.
()Mr.Blackisthemanagerofthiscompany.He_____thiscompany.
A)takeschargeofB)isresponsibletoC)isinthechargeofD)hasthedutyfrom
在英语中，“他负责这家公司”有多种说法，如：1.Heisinchargeofthiscompany.2.Hisjobistobeinchargeofthiscompany.3.Thiscompanyisinthechargeofhim.4.Heisresponsibleforthiscompany.5.Hehasthedutyofthiscompany.6.Hetakeschargeofthiscompany.在这里要注意动词与介词的搭配关系，不要记错了。本题答案应该选“A”。
()10.Please_____thecitymapbeforeyougosightseeing.
A)lookatB)havealookC)watchD)read
在英语中，“看”在不同场合有不同的译法。“lookat”意为“粗略地看”；“havealook”意为“看一下”，其后不能跟宾语；“watch”意为“注视、仔细地看”，虽然可以跟“地图”搭配，但是，它只是表示一种“看”的状态，没有“查看路线”之意。“看书”、“看地图”都要用动词“read”，意为“阅读”、“查看”。所以本题答案应该选“D”。
习题训练:
Choosethebestanswer(选择最恰当的答案，用A、B、C或D表示，填入空格内):
()1.They_____anyfood.They’vegotplentyof_____forthepicnic.
A)needn’t,itB)needn’t,themC)don’tneed,itD)don’tneed,them
()2.Hisfavourite_____is_____ataxidriver.
A)job,tobeB)job,/C)work,tobeD)work,/
()3.Whydoes_____like_____thisuniform?
A)henot,wearingB)nothe,wearingC)henot,wearD)nothe,wear
()4.Youcannotonlylearn_____makethedeliciousdrink,youcanalso_____it.
A)to,eatB)to,eatC)howto,enjoyD)howto,enjoy
()5.Haveyouall_____yourpensyet?
A)preparedB)preparedforC)preparationD)preparationfor
()6.Dannypractises_____twice_____week.
A)toswim,aB)toswim,everyC)swimming,aD)swimming,every
()7.Youmust_____tocatchfishherenearthepond.
A)nottryB)trynotC)nottotryD)totrynot
()8.Whenwe_____ontheair-conditionerinsummer,wefeelmorecomfortable.
A)sitB)putC)turnD)open
()9.Wouldyoumind_____thewindow?
A)myclosingB)mycloseC)tocloseD)forclose
()10.Theteacherkeptthepupils______forfivehours.
A)waitingB)towaitC)towaitingD)waits
()11.Mr.Green_____Chinaforsixyears.
A)hasbeeninB)hasbeentoC)hascometoD)hasgoneto
()12.Theycouldhardlyunderstandwhattheengineersaid,______?
A)couldn'ttheyB)didn'ttheyC)couldtheyD)didthey
()13.Tellhim_____afraidofdogs.
A)notbeB)nottobeC)don'tbeD)won'tbe
()14.Ifhe_____heretomorrow,pleasetellhimwhenhisuncle_____.
A)willcome,comesB)comes,comesC)comes,willcomeD)willcome,willcome
()15.Thepostageontheparcel_____mealotofmoney.
A)tookB)spendC)paidD)cost
()16.Haveyou_____whotookawayyourkey?
A)foundB)foundoutC)lookedforD)got
()17.Parisisn'tthecapitalofBritain,isit?_____.
A)Yes,itisB)No,itisn'tC)Yes,itisn'tD)No,itis
()18.Thebossmadetheworkers_____forhours.
A)workB)toworkC)workingD)works
()19.Myhopeis_____anengineerin10years'time.
A)becomeB)tobecomeC)becomingD)became
()20.Wewillgotothefactorytoworkfor_____.
A)sometimesB)sometimeC)sometimesD)sometime
()21.Whichsubjectdoyou_____,Englishormaths?
A)likebestB)preferbestC)likemostD)prefer
()22.Ifitistrue,it_____manyinterestingquestions.
A)israisedB)roseC)raisesD)rises
()23.Pleaseyourhandsifyou’vegottheanswer.
A)putupB)setupC)getupD)makeup
()24.Bytheageoften,thelittlegirlherfirstcollectionofpoems.She’snowveryfamous.
A)haspublishedB)hadpublishedC)publishedD)wouldpublish
()25.Maryshould_____atonce.
A)operateonB)beoperatedC)beoperatedonD)operate
()26.Doyoumindmyusingyourdictionaryforawhile?_____.
A)OfcoursenotB)Yes,pleaseC)Itdoesn'tmatterD)Yes,hereyouare
()27.Where_____?Totheteachers'office.
A)haveyougoneB)hashegoneC)ishegoingtoD)haveyoubeento
()28.Please_____makethesamemistakeagain,Tom.
A)don’ttrytoB)trydon’ttoC)trytonotD)trynotto
()29.Q:_____you_____Jimthismorning?A:Yes.I_____himjustnow.
A)Have…seen,sawB)Did…see,saw
C)Have…seen,haveseenD)Did…see,haveseen
()30.Englishisthelanguage_____inAustralia,isn’tit?
A)usingB)usedC)speakingD)isspoken
()31.Whenyougoout,don’tforgettokeepthewindows_____.
A)openB)openingC)openedD)toopen
()32.We_____theladywasgoodatskiing.
A)toldB)wonderedC)wereaskedD)weretold
()33.Sorry,I_____understandthebusinessletter.Becauseit_____writteninEnglish.
A)don’t,isB)don’t,wasC)didn’t,isD)didn’t,was
()34.Someboyswereseen_____intothehospital.
A)goingB)enteringC)takingD)tosend
()35.He,withanotherpolicewoman,_____thestreetsinCityCentre.
A)walkonB)walkaroundC)walksonD)walksaround
()36.Thesoupbowl_____._____it_____yesterday?
A)wasbroken,Was…brokenB)isbroken,Was…broken
C)wasbroken,Did…breakD)isbroken,Has…broken
()37.Unluckily,theywere_____withabigstormhalfway.
A)caughtB)comeacrossC)metD)happened
()38.HeispooratspokenEnglish.Hecan’teven_____awordofit.
A)sayB)talkC)speakD)tell
()39.Jack_____beabsenttoday.Isawhimplayingintheplaygroundamomentago.
A)mustn’tB)needn’tC)isn’tabletoD)can’t
()40.Youshouldgoon_____thetextuntilyou_____abletoreciteit.
A)reading,areB)reading,wereC)toread,willbeD)toread,were
()41.Q:Mustwedoeyeexerciseseveryday,MissLiu?A:I’mafraid_____.
A)youmustn’tB)youmustC)youneedn’tD)youcan’t
()42.Wemay_____eachothersomewherebefore.
A)meetB)metC)havemetD)tomeet
()43.Hedoesn’tknow_____next.
A)howtodoB)whattodoitC)whentodoD)wheretogo
()44.Theladythinkssheistoofat,andsheisplanning_____now.
A)tokeepfitB)reducehisweightC)togoonadietD)stopherfromeating
()45.Thehouseisonfire.Let’sgoand_____thefiretogether.
A)putoffB)putoutC)putdownD)putaway
()46.It’s_____thesedays.You’dbetter_____yourgreatcoatbeforeyougoout.
A)snowing,inB)snowy,wearC)snowing,haveonD)snowy,puton
()47.Hisfamilyusedto_____inthepast.
A)gohungryB)behungryC)goinghungryD)beinghungry
()48.Neverforget_____“Excuseme”whenyoutroublesomeone.
A)tospeakB)tosayC)speakingD)saying
()49.Themusic_____sowonderfulthatIlikeditverymuch.
A)lookedB)heardC)listenedD)sounded
()50.Theflat_____himnearlyallhismoney.
A)costB)tookC)spentD)paid
()51.Youmay_____thebookforanotherweek.
A)borrowB)lendC)keepD)hold
()52.He_____gotoworkbybikebutnowhe_____takingabus
A)isusedto,isusedtoB)usedto,usedto
C)isusedto,usedtoD)usedto,isusedto
()53.Themusicisnice.Butit'stooloud.Please_____theradio.
A)turndownB)turnupC)turnonD)turnoff
()54.A:_____Iplayfootballnow?B:No,youmustn't.
A)NeedB)MustC)MayD)Will
()55.What_____you_____I'mateacher?
A)makes,tothinkB)make,tothinkC)makes,thinkD)make,think
()56.Whatdidyou_____atthemeeting?
A)talkB)speakC)tellD)say
()57.Let'sgoforawalkaftersupper,_____?
A)willyouB)don’tweC)shan’tweD)shallwe
()58.NeitherhenorI_____goodatdrawing.
A)amB)isC)areD)don't
()59.A:What'sinthebox?B:_____init.
A)TherearelettersB)ItisaletterC)TheyarelettersD)Thereisaletter
()60.It_____mehalfanhourtogetthere.
A)spendsB)paysC)takesD)costs
