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专业英语翻译报告要求

日期:2020-06-01  类别:最新范文  编辑:一流范文网  【下载本文Word版

专业英语翻译报告要求 本文关键词:英语翻译,报告,专业

专业英语翻译报告要求 本文简介:专业英语翻译报告要求任务:每个同学自己找一篇2010年以后的与计算机技术相关的的英文资料4-6页(带插图的要求至少5页)进行中文翻译,学期末交报告。报告分纸质报告和电子报告两种。举例:报告题目:嵌入式系统的最新发展;程序设计的最新发展;软件工程的最新进展;操作系统的未来;计算机通信的最新发展等与计算

专业英语翻译报告要求 本文内容:

专业英语翻译报告要求

任务:每个同学自己找一篇2010年以后的与计算机技术相关的的英文资料4-6页(带插图的要求至少5页)进行中文翻译,学期末交报告。报告分纸质报告和电子报告两种。

举例:报告题目:嵌入式系统的最新发展;程序设计的最新发展;

软件工程的最新进展;操作系统的未来;计算机通信的最新发展等与计算机相关的题目。

要求:

1.

中文翻译语句有五句以上不通畅或五句以上出现严重翻译错误的,成绩不及格。

2.

每个同学的英文资料不能相同,相同则以零分计。

3.

报告内容由英文原件内容和中文翻译内容两部分组成。其中,纸质报告的英文原件内容可打印,中文翻译必须是手写稿;电子报告也由英文原件内容和中文翻译内容两部分组成,要求电子档的中文翻译和纸质手写稿内容一致,同时要求在指定日期上传中英文电子稿。

4.

英文资料必须标明来源(包括作者姓名,资料发表时间;来源为杂志的标明杂志名,发行的年月日,来源于网上的资料写明网址和资料发表时间),缺少该项或不全的扣15-20分。

5.

课程最终成绩由平时成绩30分,翻译报告70分(纸质报告50分+电子报告20分)构成

下面的附页为报告封面和格式要求:

重庆邮电大学

报告书

___________________________________

____________________

____________________

____________________

____________________

____________________

____________________

____________________

二0

报告格式要求

纸张大小:A4纸,页数4-6页(带插图的要求至少5页)

字体及大小统一为:标题-粗体,黑体小四;正文-宋体五号.

左右页边距:30毫米.

上下页边距:25毫米.

篇2:研英语翻译笔记

研英语翻译笔记 本文关键词:英语翻译,笔记

研英语翻译笔记 本文简介:研英语翻译笔记【词类活译】?形容词介词→动词?名词c?副词Awell-dressedman,wholookedandtalkedlikeanAmerican,gotintothecar.译文:一个衣着讲究的人钻进了轿车,他的外表和谈吐都像是个美国人;【代词归位】代词所指的对象一般在前文找到,但是有些

研英语翻译笔记 本文内容:

研英语翻译笔记

【词类活译】

?形容词

介词→动词?名词

c

?副

A

well-dressed

man,who

looked

and

talked

like

an

American,got

into

the

car.

译文:一个衣着讲究的人钻进了轿车,他的外表和谈吐都像是个美国人;

【代词归位】代词所指的对象一般在前文找到,但是有些状语从句前置时,造成迷惑,指代的内容不在状语从句中,而是在后文;

Pollution

is

the

price

we

pay

for

an

overpopulated,over-industrialized

planet.When

we

come

to

think

about

it,there

are

only

four

ways

you

can

deal

with

rubbish

:dump

it,burn

it,turn

it

into

something

you

can

use

again,attempt

to

produce

less

of

it

译文:当我们开始考虑垃圾问题时,我们只有四种对付垃圾的方法:倾倒,焚烧,让其变成再生材料或努力减少垃圾;

【语态转换】

被动语态首先考虑译成主动语态,其次保留原文的被动形式,再次灵活处理;若存在动作的发出者,通常译成主动语态,对于不言自明的发出者可适当添加,也可译成无主句;

By

the

end

of

the

war,about

1,000

children

had

been

rescued

by

the

organization

译文:截止到战争结束,这个组织拯救了大约1000名儿童;

The

child

is

to

be

told

not

to

touch

the

piano

译文:我们应该告诉孩子不要碰钢琴;

About

that

project,much

has

said

but

little

has

been

done

译文:关于那项工程,说的多,做的少;

也可译成“被”,“遭到(不好的事)”,“受到(好的事)”,“由”,“为所”,“把”等

This

kind

of

insects

was

visited【攻击】

by

a

large

colony

of

ants

which

could

obtain

a

sort

of

honey

from

them;

译文:此类昆虫遭到了一群蚂蚁的攻击,这是因为后者从他们身上可以得到一种蜜;

2014年考研备考大全

哲学类

经济学类

管理学类

教育学类

文学类

【It

is

.句式翻译】

It

is

alleged

that

据说.

It

is

rumored

that

据传.

It

is

argued

that

有人主张.

It

is

to

be

discussed

that

需要讨论的是.

There

is

no

agreement

.人们对此看法不一

It

is

necessary

that

有必要.

It

is

true

that

诚然.

It

is

likely

that

可能.

It

is

a

mystery

that

让人不解的是.

It

is

common

knowledge

that

常识是.

It

occurred

to

me

that

我突然想起.

【状语从句】状语从句一般前置到句首,有时前置到所修饰谓语动词的前面;但结果状语从句和伴随转语从句一般不前置翻译;

He

pushed

open

the

door

gently

and

crept

out

of

the

room

for

fear

that

he

should

awake

the

baby

译文:为了不惊醒孩子,他轻轻推开门,蹑手蹑脚溜了进去;

I

was

never

allowed

by

my

parents

to

do

things

ass

I

wanted

to

译文:父母从不允许我按照自己想要的方式来做事;

New

forms

of

thought

as

well

as

new

subjects

for

thought

must

arise

in

the

future

as

they

have

in

the

past,giving

rise

to

new

standards

of

elegance

译文:就像以往那样,在将来,新的思维方式和新的思维对象一定会出现,并带来新的完美标准;

The

sense

is

growing

that

the

Americans

need

to

turn

things

round

fast,militarily

and

politically,if

they

are

to

ensue

that

events

do

not

get

out

of

control;

译文:人们越来越强烈地感觉到:如果美国人想确保情况不失去控制,他们就需要在军事和政治两方面,快速扭转形势;

If

experience

are

planned

and

carried

out

according

to

plan

as

faithfully

as

the

reports

in

the

science

journals

indicate,then

it

is

perfectly

logical

for

management

to

expect

research

to

produce

results

measurable

in

dollars

and

cents

译文:如果试验被计划并像科学杂志上的报告所表明的那样忠实地按照计划得以实施,那么管理方面期待着研究能够带来可以用金钱衡量的结果也是完全符合逻辑的;

【定语从句】比较短的定语从句一般合译,即译成形容词“.的”;较长的定语从句常用分译法,即单独译成一个句子,此时要翻译连接词!多个定语从句嵌套时,常将第一个定语从句合译,后面的从句分译;对于“there

be”句型的定语从句常用融合法,即将从句作为主语的谓语;还有的非限制性定语从句有状语的含义,此时用状译法译成相应的状语从句;

The

people

who

work

for

him

live

in

moral

fear

of

him;

译文:在他手下工作的人对他惧怕得要死;

The

fine

arts,such

as

painting

and

sculpture,involve

the

production

of

works

to

be

seen

and

experienced

on

an

abstract

level;

译文:像绘画和雕塑这样的美术,往往要求创作出能够从抽象的角度加以欣赏和感受的作品;

There

are

some

parts

of

the

world

where

even

now

people

cannot

write

译文:在世界上有些地方,甚至现在人们也不会书写;

He

grabbed

the

letter

from

his

rival

that

would

prove

him

guilty

in

the

smuggling

case

译文:他把信件从对方手里一把夺了过来,因为这封信可以证明他在走私案中的罪行;

竹节式:

A

culture

in

which

the

citizens

share

similar

religious

beliefs

and

values

is

more

likely

to

have

laws

that

represent

the

wishes

of

its

people

than

is

a

culture

where

citizens

come

from

diverse

backgrounds

译文:有的文化中,公民们拥有着相似的宗教信仰和价值观;还有的文化中,公民们来自不同文化背景,前者比后者更有可能产生代表民意的法律;

洋葱式:

One

of

my

friends

got

pregnant

in

her

boyfriend’s

hospital

room

while

he

was

recovering

from

a

terrible

car

accident

which

left

him

partially

paralyzed

译文:我有一个朋友,她的男朋友遭遇了一起严重的车祸,结果导致了半身不遂。在医院病房恢复期间,他居然还让我朋友怀孕了;

Few

things

could

be

more

impressive

than

the

peace

that

descends

on

deserted【空旷的】

city

streets

at

weekend

when

the

thousands

that

travel

to

work

every

day

are

tucked

away

in

their

homes

译文:在周末,成千上万平日进城上班的人会回到他们的乡间寓所,这时一种宁静的气氛会降临在空旷的街市,没有什么能比此时的宁静更令人难忘了;

The

greater

interest

in

exceptional

children

shown

in

public

education

over

the

past

three

decades

indicates

the

strong

feeling

in

our

society

that

all

citizens,whatever

their

special

conditions,deserve

the

opportunity

to

fully

develop

their

capabilities

译文:过去30年间,在公共教育领域所表现出的对特殊儿童的更大关注表明了在我们社会有这样一种强烈的观点:所有的公民都应该有机会充分发挥自己的才能,无论他们自身条件如何;

【名词性从句】

主语从句:可以按原文语序翻译,也可以用增词法,即先翻译从句,再用“这”来代替从句;

That

progress

helps

to

relieve

scarcities

is

a

fact

accepted

by

all

economists

译文:经济的发展有助于缓解物质的匮乏,这是所有经济学家都承认的事实;

宾语从句:可以按原文语序翻译,也可用增词法,增加“说”,再翻译从句;

“动词+it+that宾语从句”可先翻译从句,用“这一点,这样做,对此”等代替从句;

有时还可以采用“融合法”翻译;

He

reminded

us

again

that

this

matter

had

been

decided

not

just

by

himself

but

by

many

others

as

well

译文:他再一次提醒我们说,决定这件事的不只是他一个人,还有许多其他人;

I

regard

it

as

an

honor

that

I

have

been

chosen

to

attend

the

meeting;

译文:大家选我出席该会议,对此我深感光荣;

I

think

it

true

that

he

has

ventured

out

to

sea;

译文:我想他真的已经冒险出海了;

表语从句:通常可以按原文语序翻译;

That

was

how

a

small

nation

won

the

victory

over

a

big

power

译文:就这样,小国战胜了大国;

注意:

This

is

why:这就是为什么?;原因就在这里(先翻译从句);

This

is

because:这是因为?;(一般按顺序翻译);

This

is

what:这就是?的内容(含义);?就是这个道理(意思)(先翻译从句);

同位语从句:当比较简单可先翻译从句,再用“这一.或这个.”引出后文;当同位语从句较长时适合翻译成一个句子,并在句前加“即,:,-,”当被同位语说明的本位语若是有动词词性的抽象名词,则将其译成动词,而将从句译成动词的宾语!

The

estimated

that

as

much

as

one-fourth

of

all

timber

harvested

is

not

used

proved

to

be

false

译文:有多达1/4的被砍伐木材未被使用,这一估计被证实是错误的;

They

have

in

common

only

one

thing

that

they

tend

to

annoy

or

threaten

those

who

regard

themselves

as

more

enlightened

译文:他们只在一件事上是相同,即往往会去骚扰或威胁那些自认为开明的人士;

He

expressed

the

hope

that

he

would

come

over

to

visit

China

again;

译文:他表示希望再到中国来访问;

篇3:MBA英语翻译常用技巧总结

MBA英语翻译常用技巧总结 本文关键词:英语翻译,常用,技巧,MBA

MBA英语翻译常用技巧总结 本文简介:www.16fw.com400-618-2500MBA英语翻译常用技巧总结MBA英语翻译考察三方面内容:1、专有名词(如operationalresearchexpert)、习惯用法(如dependon)及多义词的翻译(如school、set的多义)2、一般性翻译技巧:包括词义选择,词序调整,词性

MBA英语翻译常用技巧总结 本文内容:

www.16fw.com

400-618-2500

MBA英语翻译常用技巧总结

MBA英语翻译考察三方面内容:

1、专有名词(如operational

research

expert)、习惯用法(如depend

on)及多义词的翻译

(如school、set的多义)

2、一般性翻译技巧

:包括词义选择,词序调整,词性转换和增词法等等

3、具体句型(定从、状从、主从、宾从、表从、同位从、强调结构、并列、比较、倒装、插入、被动、否定等)

一、常用方法

英汉两种语言在句法、词汇、修辞等方面均存在着很大的差异,因此在进行英汉互译时必然会遇到很多困难,需要有一定的翻译技巧作指导。常用的翻译技巧有增译法、省译法、转换法、拆句法、合并法、正译法、反译法、倒置法、包孕法、插入法、重组法和综合法等。这些技巧不但可以运用于笔译之中,也可以运用于口译过程中,而且应该用得更加熟练。

1.

增译法:指根据英汉两种语言不同的思维方式、语言习惯和表达方式,在翻译时增添一些词、短句或句子,以便更准确地表达出原文所包含的意义。这种方式多半用在汉译英里。汉语无主句较多,而英语句子一般都要有主语,所以在翻译汉语无主句的时候,除了少数可用英语无主句、被动语态或“There

be…”结构来翻译以外,一般都要根据语境补出主语,使句子完整。英汉两种语言在名词、代词、连词、介词和冠词的使用方法上也存在很大差别。英语中代词使用频率较高,凡说到人的器官和归某人所有的或与某人有关的事物时,必须在前面加上物主代词。因此,在汉译英时需要增补物主代词,而在英译汉时又需要根据情况适当地删减。英语词与词、词组与词组以及句子与句子的逻辑关系一般用连词来表示,而汉语则往往通过上下文和语序来表示这种关系。因此,在汉译英时常常需要增补连词。英语句子离不开介词和冠词。另外,在翻译时还要注意增补一些原文中暗含而没有明言的词语和一些概括性、注释性的词语,以确保译文意思的完整。总之,通过增译,一是保证译文语法结构的完整,二是保证译文意思的明确。如:

(1)What

about

calling

him

right

away?

马上给他打个电话,你觉得如何?

(增译主语和谓语)

(2)If

only

I

could

see

the

realization

of

the

four

modernizations.

要是我能看到四个现代化实现该有多好啊!(增译主句)

(3)

Indeed,the

reverse

is

true

实际情况恰好相反。(增译名词)

(4)

就是法西斯国家本国的人民也被剥夺了人权。

Even

the

people

in

the

fascist

countries

were

stripped

of

their

human

rights.(增译物主代词)

(5)

只许州官放火,不许百姓点灯。

While

the

magistrates

were

free

to

burn

down

house,the

common

people

were

forbidden

to

light

lamps.

(增译连词)

(6)

这是我们两国人民的又一个共同点。

This

is

yet

another

common

point

between

the

people

of

our

two

countries.(增译介词)

(7)

在人权领域,中国反对以大欺小、以强凌弱。

In

the

field

of

human

rights,China

opposes

the

practice

of

the

big

oppressing

the

small

and

the

strong

bullying

the

weak.(增译暗含词语)

(8)

三个臭皮匠,合成一个诸葛亮。

Three

cobblers

with

their

wits

combined

equal

Zhuge

Liang

the

mastermind.(增译注释性词语)

2.

省译法:这是与增译法相对应的一种翻译方法,即删去不符合目标语思维习惯、语言习惯和表达方式的词,以避免译文累赘。增译法的例句反之即可。又如:

(1)

You

will

be

staying

in

this

hotel

during

your

visit

in

Beijing.

你在北京访问期间就住在这家饭店里。(省译物主代词)

(2)

I

hope

you

will

enjoy

your

stay

here.

希望您在这儿过得愉快。(省译物主代词)

(3)

中国政府历来重视环境保护工作。

The

Chinese

government

has

always

attached

great

importance

to

environmental

protection.

(省译名词)

3.

转换法:指翻译过程中为了使译文符合目标语的表述方式、方法和习惯而对原句中的词类、句型和语态等进行转换。具体的说,就是在词性方面,把名词转换为代词、形容词、动词;把动词转换成名词、形容词、副词、介词;把形容词转换成副词和短语。在句子成分方面,把主语变成状语、定语、宾语、表语;把谓语变成主语、定语、表语;把定语变成状语、主语;把宾语变成主语。在句型方面,把并列句变成复合句,把复合句变成并列句,把状语从句变成定语从句。在语态方面,可以把主动语态变为被动语态。如:

(1)

我们学院受教委和市政府的双重领导。

Our

institute

is

co-administrated

by

the

States

Education

Commission

and

the

municipal

government.

(名词转动词)

(2)

Too

much

exposure

to

TV

programs

will

do

great

harm

to

the

eyesight

of

children.

孩子们看电视过多会大大地损坏视力。(名词转动词)

(3)

由于我们实行了改革开放政策,我国的综合国力有了明显的增强。Thanks

to

the

introduction

of

our

reform

and

opening

policy,our

comprehensive

national

strength

has

greatly

improved.

(动词转名词)

(4)

I’m

all

for

you

opinion.

我完全赞成你的意见。(介词转动词)

(5)

The

reform

and

opening

policy

is

supported

by

the

whole

Chinese

people.

改革开放政策受到了全中国人民的拥护。(动词转名词)

(6)

In

his

article

the

author

is

critical

of

man’s

negligence

toward

his

environment.

作者在文章中,对人类疏忽自身环境作了批评。(形容词转名词)

(7)

In

some

of

the

European

countries,the

people

are

given

the

biggest

social

benefits

such

as

medical

insurance.

在有些欧洲国家里,人民享受最广泛的社会福利,如医疗保险等。(被动语态转主动语态)

(8)

时间不早了,我们回去吧!We

don’t

have

much

time

left.

Let’s

go

back.

(句型转换)

(9)

学生们都应该德、智、体全面发展。All

the

students

should

develop

morally,intellectually

and

physically.

(名词转副词)

4.

拆句法和合并法:这是两种相对应的翻译方法。拆句法是把一个长而复杂的句子拆译成若干个较短、较简单的句子,通常用于英译汉;合并法是把若干个短句合并成一个长句,一般用于汉译英。汉语强调意合,结构较松散,因此简单句较多;英语强调形合,结构较严密,因此长句较多。所以汉译英时要根据需要注意利用连词、分词、介词、不定式、定语从句、独立结构等把汉语短句连成长句;而英译汉时又常常要在原句的关系代词、关系副词、主谓连接处、并列或转折连接处、后续成分与主体的连接处,以及意群结束处将长句切断,译成汉语分句。这样就可以基本保留英语语序,顺译全句,顺应现代汉语长短句相替、单复句相间的句法修辞原则。如:

(1)

Increased

cooperation

with

China

is

in

the

interests

of

the

United

States.

同中国加强合作,符合美国的利益。

(在主谓连接处拆译)

(2)

I

wish

to

thank

you

for

the

incomparable

hospitality

for

which

the

Chinese

people

are

justly

famous

throughout

the

world.

我要感谢你们无与伦比的盛情款待。中国人民正是以这种热情好客而闻明世界的。(在定语从句前拆译)

(3)

This

is

particularly

true

of

the

countries

of

the

commonwealth,who

see

Britain’s

membership

of

the

Community

a

guarantee

that

the

policies

of

the

community

will

take

their

interests

into

account

英联邦各国尤其如此,它们认为英国加入欧共体,将能保证欧共体的政策照顾到它们的利益。(在定语从句前拆译)

(4)

中国是个大国,百分之八十的人口从事农业,但耕地只占土地面积的十分之一,其余为山脉、森林、城镇和其他用地。

China

is

a

large

country

with

four-fifths

of

the

population

engaged

in

agriculture,but

only

one

tenth

of

the

land

is

farmland,the

rest

being

mountains,forests

and

places

for

urban

and

other

uses.(合译)

5.

正译法和反译法:这两种方法通常用于汉译英,偶尔也用于英译汉。所谓正译,是指把句子按照与汉语相同的语序或表达方式译成英语。所谓反译则是指把句子按照与汉语相反的语序或表达方式译成英语。正译与反译常常具有同义的效果,但反译往往更符合英语的思维方式和表达习惯。因此比较地道。如:

(1)

在美国,人人都能买到枪。

In

the

United

States,everyone

can

buy

a

gun.

(正译)

In

the

United

States,guns

are

available

to

everyone.

(反译)

(2)

你可以从因特网上获得这一信息。

You

can

obtain

this

information

on

the

Internet.

(正译)

This

information

is

accessible/available

on

the

Internet.

(反译)

(3)

他突然想到了一个新主意。

Suddenly

he

had

a

new

idea.

(正译)

He

suddenly

thought

out

a

new

idea.

(正译)

A

new

idea

suddenly

occurred

to/struck

him.

(反译)

(4)

他仍然没有弄懂我的意思。

He

still

could

not

understand

me.

(正译)

Still

he

failed

to

understand

me.

(反译)

(5)

无论如何,她算不上一位思维敏捷的学生。

She

can

hardly

be

rated

as

a

bright

student.

(正译)

She

is

anything

but

a

bright

student.

(反译)

(6)

Please

withhold

the

document

for

the

time

being.

请暂时扣下这份文件。(正译)

请暂时不要发这份文件。(反译)

二、被动语态译法

英语中被动语态的使用范围极为广泛,尤其是在科技英语中,被动语态几乎随处可见,凡是在不必、不愿说出或不知道主动者的情况下均可使用被动语态,因此,掌握被动语态的翻译方法,对于MBA入学考试的复习与应考是极为重要的,因为在MBA入学考试中,英译汉文章的内容多以科普文章为主。在汉语中,也有被动语态,通常通过“把”或“被”等词体现出来,但它的使用范围远远小于英语中被动语态的使用范围,因此英语中的被动语态在很多情况下都翻译成主动结构。

对于英语原文的被动结构,我们一般采取下列的方法:

1.

翻译成汉语的主动句。英语原文的被动结构翻译成汉语的主动结构又可以进一步分为几种不同的情况。

(1)

英语原文中的主语在译文中仍做主语。在采用此方法时,我们往往在译文中使用了

“加以”,“经过”,“用……来”等词来体现原文中的被动含义。例如:

例1.Other

questions

will

be

discussed

briefly.

其它问题将简单地加以讨论。

例2.In

other

words

mineral

substances

which

are

found

on

earth

must

be

extracted

by

digging,boring

holes,artificial

explosions,or

similar

operations

which

make

them

available

to

us.

换言之,矿物就是存在于地球上,但须经过挖掘、钻孔、人工爆破或类似作业才能获得的物质。

例3.Nuclear

power/’s

danger

to

health,safety,and

even

life

itself

can

be

summed

up

in

one

word:

radiation.

核能对健康、安全,甚至对生命本身构成的危险可以用一个词—辐射来概括。

(2)

将英语原文中的主语翻译为宾语,同时增补泛指性的词语(人们,大家等)作主语。例如:

例1.It

could

be

argued

that

the

radio

performs

this

service

as

well,but

on

television

everything

is

much

more

living,much

more

real.

可能有人会指出,无线电广播同样也能做到这一点,但还是电视屏幕上的节目要生动、真实得多。

例2.Television,it

is

often

said,keeps

one

informed

about

current

events,allows

one

to

follow

the

latest

developments

in

science

and

politics,and

offers

an

endless

series

of

programmes

which

are

both

instructive

and

entertaining.

(85年考题)

人们常说,电视使人了解时事,熟悉政治领域的最新发展变化,并能源源不断

地为观众提供各种既有教育意义又有趣的节目。

例3.It

is

generally

accepted

that

the

experiences

of

the

child

in

his

first

years

largely

determine

his

character

and

later

personality.

人们普遍认为,孩子们的早年经历在很大程度上决定了他们的性格及其未来的人品。

另外,下列的结构也可以通过这一手段翻译:

It

is

asserted

that

有人主张

……

It

is

believed

that

有人认为……

It

is

generally

considered

that

大家(一般人)认为

It

is

well

known

that

大家知道(众所周知)……

It

will

be

said

有人会说……

It

was

told

that

有人曾经说……

(3)

将英语原文中的by,in,for等做状语的介词短语翻译成译文的主语,在此情况下,英语原文中的主语一般被翻译成宾语。例如:

例1.A

right

kind

of

fuel

is

needed

for

an

atomic

reactor.

原子反应堆需要一种合适的燃料。

例2.By

the

end

of

the

war,800

people

had

been

saved

by

the

organization,but

at

a

cost

of

200

Belgian

and

French

lives.

大战结束时,这个组织拯救了八百人,但那是以二百多比利时人和法国人的生命为代价的。

例3.And

it

is

imagined

by

many

that

the

operations

of

the

common

mind

can

be

by

no

means

compared

with

these

processes,and

that

they

have

to

be

acquired

by

a

sort

of

special

training.

许多人认为,普通人的思维活动根本无法与科学家的思维过程相比,而且认为这些思维过程必须经过某种专门的训练才能掌握。

(4)

翻译成汉语的无主句。

例如:

例1.Great

efforts

should

be

made

to

inform

young

people

especially

the

dreadful

consequences

of

taking

up

the

habit.

应该尽最大努力告?nbsp|

年轻人吸烟的危害,特别是吸上烟瘾后的可怕后果。

例2.By

this

procedure,different

honeys

have

been

found

to

vary

widely

in

the

sensitivity

of

their

inhibit

to

heat.

通过这种方法分析发现不同种类的蜂蜜的抗菌活动对热的敏感程度也极为不同。

例4.Many

strange

new

means

of

transport

have

been

developed

in

our

century,the

strangest

of

them

being

perhaps

the

hovercraft.

在我们这个世纪内研制了许多新奇的交通工具,其中最奇特的也许就是气垫

船了。

例5.New

source

of

energy

must

be

found,and

this

will

take

time….

必须找到新的能源,这需要时间……

另外,下列结构也可以通过这一手段翻译:

It

is

hoped

that

希望……

It

is

reported

that

据报道……

It

is

said

that

据说……

It

is

supposed

that

据推测……

It

may

be

said

without

fear

of

exaggeration

that

可以毫不夸张地说……

It

must

be

admitted

that

必须承认……

It

must

be

pointed

out

that

必须指出……

It

will

be

seen

from

this

that

由此可见……

(5)

翻译成带表语的主动句。例如:

例1.The

decision

to

attack

was

not

taken

lightly.

进攻的决定不是轻易作出的。

例2.On

the

whole

such

an

conclusion

can

be

drawn

with

a

certain

degree

of

confidence,but

only

if

the

child

can

be

assumed

to

have

had

the

same

attitude

towards

the

test

as

the

other

with

whom

he

is

being

compared,and

only

if

he

was

not

punished

by

lack

of

relevant

information

which

they

possessed.

总的来说,得出这种结论是有一定程度把握的,但必须具备两个条件:

能够

假定这个孩子对测试的态度和与他比较的另一个孩子的态度相同;

他也没有因为缺乏别的孩子已掌握的有关知识而被扣分。

(注意上述翻译技巧在该句翻译中的综合运用。)

2.

译成汉语的被动语态。英语中的许多被动句可以翻译成汉语的被动句。常用“被”,“给”,“遭”,“挨”,“为……所”,“使”,“由…”,“受到”等表示。例如:

例1.Early

fires

on

the

earth

were

certainly

caused

by

nature,not

by

Man.

地球上早期的火肯定是由大自然而不是人类引燃的。

例2.These

signals

are

produced

by

colliding

stars

or

nuclear

reactions

in

outer

space.

这些讯号是由外层空间的星球碰撞或者核反应所造成的。

例3.Natural

light

or

“white”

light

is

actually

made

up

of

many

colours.

自然光或者“白光”实际上是由许多种颜色组成的。

例4.The

behaviour

of

a

fluid

flowing

through

a

pipe

is

affected

by

a

number

of

factors,including

the

viscosity

of

the

fluid

and

the

speed

at

which

it

is

pumped.

流体在管道中流动的情况,受到诸如流体粘度、泵送速度等各种因素的影响。

例5.They

may

have

been

a

source

of

part

of

the

atmosphere

of

the

terrestrial

planets,and

they

are

believed

to

have

been

the

planetesimal-like

building

blocks

for

some

of

the

outer

planets

and

their

satellites.

它们可能一直是地球行星的一部分大气的来源。它们还被认为是构成外部行星以及其卫星的一种类似微星的基础材料。

例6.Over

the

years,tools

and

technology

themselves

as

a

source

of

fundamental

innovation

have

largely

been

ignored

by

historians

and

philosophers

of

science.

工具和技术本身作为根本性创新的源泉多年来在很大程度上被科学史学家和科学思想家们忽视了。

例7.Whether

the

Government

should

increase

the

financing

of

pure

science

at

the

expense

of

technology

or

vice

versa

(反之)

often

depends

on

the

issue

of

which

is

seen

as

the

driving

force.

政府是以减少技术的经费投入来增加纯理论科学的经费投入,还是相反,这往

往取决于把哪一方看作是驱动的力量。

例8.The

supply

of

oil

can

be

shut

off

unexpectedly

at

any

time,and

in

any

case,the

oil

wells

will

all

run

dry

in

thirty

years

or

so

at

the

present

rate

of

use.

石油的供应可能随时会被中断;不管怎样,以目前的这种消费速度,只需30年左右,所有的油井都会枯竭。

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