英美文学史复习笔记 本文关键词：文学史，英美，复习，笔记
英美文学史复习笔记 本文简介：Chapter1OldandMedievalEnglishLiterature(450—1066-1340)1.Beowulf:atypicalexampleofOldEnglishpoetryisregardedasthenationalepicoftheAnglo-Saxons.Itisanex
英美文学史复习笔记 本文内容：
Chapter
1
Old
and
Medieval
English
Literature(450—1066-1340)
1.Beowulf:
a
typical
example
of
Old
English
poetry
is
regarded
as
the
national
epic
of
the
Anglo-Saxons.
It
is
an
example
of
the
mingling
of
nature
myths
and
heroic
legends.
2.Romance:
①It
uses
narrative
verse
or
prose
to
sing
knightly
adventures
or
other
heroic
deeds
is
a
popular
literary
form
in
the
medieval
period.
②It
has
developed
the
characteristic
medieval
motifs
of
the
quest,the
test,the
meeting
with
the
evil
giant
and
the
encounter
with
the
beautiful
beloved.
③The
hero
is
usually
the
knight,who
sets
out
on
a
journey
to
accomplish
some
missions.
There
are
often
mysteries
and
fantasies
in
romance.
④Romantic
love
is
an
important
part
of
the
plot
in
romance.
Characterization
is
standardized,While
the
structure
is
loose
and
episodic,the
language
is
simple
and
straightforward.
⑤The
importance
of
the
romance
itself
can
be
seen
as
a
means
of
showing
medieval
aristocratic
men
and
women
in
relation
to
their
idealized
view
of
the
world.
2.
Heroic
couplet:
Heroic
couplet
is
a
rhymed
couplet
of
iambic
pentameter.
It
is
Chaucer
who
used
it
for
the
first
time
in
English
in
his
work
The
Legend
of
Good
Woman.
3.
The
theme
of
Beowulf:
The
poem
presents
a
vivid
picture
of
how
the
primitive
people
wage
heroic
struggles
against
the
hostile
forces
of
the
natural
world
under
a
wise
and
mighty
leader.
The
poem
is
an
example
of
the
mingling
of
the
nature
myths
and
heroic
legends.
5.
Chaucer’s
achievement:
①He
presented
a
comprehensive
realistic
picture
of
his
age
and
created
a
whole
gallery
of
vivid
characters
in
his
works,especially
in
The
Canterbury
Tales.
②He
anticipated
a
new
ear,the
Renaissance,to
come
under
the
influence
of
the
Italian
writers.
③He
developed
his
characterization
to
a
higher
level
by
presenting
characters
with
both
typical
qualities
and
individual
dispositions.
④He
greatly
contributed
to
the
maturing
of
English
poetry.
Today,Chaucer’s
reputation
has
been
securely
established
as
one
of
the
best
English
poets
for
his
wisdom,humor
and
humanity.
6.
“The
Father
of
English
poetry”:
Originally,Old
English
poems
are
mainly
alliterative
verses
with
few
variations.
①Chaucer
introduced
from
France
the
rhymed
stanzas
of
various
types
to
English
poetry
to
replace
it.
②In
The
Romaunt
of
the
Rose
(玫瑰传奇),he
first
introduced
to
the
English
the
octosyllabic
couplet
(八音节对偶句).
③In
The
Legend
of
Good
Women,he
used
for
the
first
time
in
English
heroic
couplet.
④And
in
his
masterpiece,The
Canterbury
Tales,he
employed
heroic
couplet
with
true
ease
and
charm
for
the
first
time
in
the
history
of
English
literature.
⑤His
art
made
him
one
of
the
greatest
poets
in
English;
John
Dryden
called
him
“the
father
of
English
poetry”.
【例题】The
work
that
presented,for
the
first
time
in
English
literature,a
comprehensive
realistic
picture
of
the
medieval
English
society
and
created
a
whole
gallery
of
vivid
characters
from
all
walks
of
life
is
most
likely
______________.
(0704)
A.
William
Langland’s
Piers
Plowman
B.
Geoffrey
Chaucer’s
The
Canterbury
Tales
C.
John
Gower’s
Confession
Amantis
D.
Sir
Gawain
and
the
Green
Knight
【答案】B
Chapter
2:
The
Renaissance
Period
(14th—mid-17th
Century)
1.
The
Renaissance:
The
Renaissance
marks
a
transition
from
the
medieval
to
the
modern
world.
Generally,it
refers
to
the
period
between
the
14th
Richard
III;
and
Titus
Andronicus（泰特斯,提图斯）.
four
Comedies,including:
The
Comedy
of
Errors;
The
Two
Gentlemen
of
Verona（维罗纳）;
The
Taming
of
the
Shrew（泼妇的驯服）,and
Love’s
Labor’s
Lost
Five
historical:
Richard
II,King
John,Henry
IV,part
I,II,Henry
V
Six
comedies:
A
Midsummer
Night’s
Dream,The
Merchant
of
Venice,Much
Ado
About
Nothing,As
You
like(皆大欢喜),Twelfth
Night,and
the
Merry
Wives
of
Windsor（温莎公爵的快乐情妇）
Two
tragedies:
Romeo
and
Juliet,Julius
Caesar
Seven
tragedies:
Hamlet,Othello,King
Lear,Macbeth,Antony
and
Cleopatra（克利奥帕特拉）,Troilus
and
Cressida（特洛伊罗斯和克雷西达）,Coriolanus（科里奥兰纳斯）
Two
comedies:
All’s
Well
That
Ends
Well,Measure
for
Measure
romantic
tragicomedies:
Pericles,Cymbeline,The
Winter’s
Tale,and
The
Tempest
Two
final
plays:
Henry
III,and
The
Two
Noble
Kinsmen
7.
Shakespeare’s
writing
characteristics
The
progressive
significance
of
the
theme--humanism
The
successful
character
portrayal—women’s
characters
The
masterhand
in
constructing
the
plot
The
ingenuity
of
his
poetry
The
mastery
of
his
language
Ⅱ.
John
Milton
Lycidas
his
3
major
poetical
works:
Paradise
Lost
(1667),Paradise
Regained
(1671),The
Posthumous
Papers
of
the
Pickwick
Club
(1836-1837);
Oliver
Twist
(1837-1838);Nicholas
Nickleby
(1838-1839);
The
Old
Curiosity
Shop
(1840-1841);
Barnaby
Rudge(1841)
American
Notes
(1842);
Martin
Chuzzlewit
(1843-1845);
A
Christmas
Carol
(1843);
Dombey
David
Copperfield
(1849-1850)
Bleak
House
(1852-1853);
Hard
Times
(1854);
Little
Dorrit
(1855-1857);
A
Tale
of
Two
Cities
(1859);
Great
Expectations
(1860-1861);
Our
Mutual
Friend
(1864-1865);
Edwin
Drood
(unfinished)(1870)
【例题】Among
the
works
by
Charles
Dickens
_______
presents
his
criticism
of
the
Utilitarian
principle
that
rules
over
the
English
education
system
and
destroys
young
hearts
and
minds.
（0804）
A.
Bleak
House
B.
Pickwick
Paper
C.
Great
Expectations
D.
Hard
Times
【答案】D
Ⅱ.
Charlotte
Bronte
1.
Charlotte
s
Literary
Creation
and
her
Writing
Characteristics:
Charlotte
Bronte
s
works
are
all
about
the
struggle
of
an
individual
towards
self-realization,about
some
lonely
The
Trumpet
Major
(1880)
Desperate
Remedies-；The
Hand
of
Ethelberta
Under
the
Greenwood
Tree
The
Return
of
the
Native
The
Mayor
of
Casterbridge
Tess
of
the
D
Urbervilles
Jude
the
Obscure
【例题】Thomas
Hardy
s
pessimistic
view
of
life
predominated
most
of
his
later
works
and
earns
him
a
reputation
as
a
______
writer.
（0904）
A.
realistic
B.
naturalistic
C.
romantic
D.
stylistic
【答案】B
Chapter
7:
The
Modern
Period
1.
Modern
period:
from
the
second
half
of
the
19th
century
and
the
early
decades
of
the
20th
century.
6.
The
development
Dramas
in
the
20th
century:
①Modernism:
Oscar
Wilde
—the
pioneer
of
modern
drama
George
Bernard
Shaw
–best
known
since
Shakespeare
W.B.
Yeats,Lady
Georgory,J.M.
Synge
and
Sean
O’Casey
Ⅰ.
George
Bernard
Shaw
3.
His
major
works:
Five
novels
--
best
one
Cashel
Byron
s
Profession
(1886)
Criticism
--
Our
Theaters
in
the
Nineties
(1931).
Man
and
Superman
(1904)
and
Back
to
Methuselah(1921).Caesar
and
Cleopatra
(1898)
and
St.
Joan
(1923).
Too
True
to
Be
Good
(1932)
Ⅱ.
T.
S.
Eliot
He
won
various
awards,including
the
Nobel
Prize
and
the
Order
of
Merit
in
1948.
3.
T.
S.
Eliot
s
major
achievement
in
drama
writing:
He
was
one
of
the
important
verse
dramatists
in
the
first
half
of
the
20th
century.
Besides
some
fragmentary
pieces,Eliot
had
written
in
his
lifetime
five
full-length
plays:
Murder
in
the
Cathedral
(1935)大教堂谋杀案
The
Family
Reunion
(1939)团员
The
Cocktail
Party
(1950)鸡尾酒会
The
Confidential
Clerk
(1954)机要秘书
The
Elder
Statesman
(1959)
资深政客
Part
Two:
American
Literature
Chapter
1:
The
Romantic
Period