外文翻译--高频开关电源介绍 本文关键词：外文，开关电源，翻译，介绍
外文翻译--高频开关电源介绍 本文简介：TheIntroductionOfHighFrequencySwitchingPowerSupplyIntroduction:Highfrequencyswitchingpowersupply(alsocalledswitchrectifierSMR)throughtheMOSFETorthehig
外文翻译--高频开关电源介绍 本文内容：
The
Introduction
Of
High
Frequency
Switching
Power
Supply
Introduction:
High
frequency
switching
power
supply
(also
called
switch
rectifier
SMR)
through
the
MOSFET
or
the
high
frequency
IGBT,switch
frequency
control
in
50-100
KHZ,within
the
scope
of
efficient
and
realize
miniaturization.
In
recent
years,switch
rectifier
power
capacity
expansion,the
capacity
of
himself,from
the
volt
48V/12.5A、48V/20A
to48V/200A、48V/400A。
High
frequency
switching
power
supply
is
traditional
rectifier
(silicon
rectifier,silicon-controlled
rectifier)
upgrade
alternative
products.
High
frequency
switching
power
supply
with
convenient
use,small
size,high
efficiency,stable
work,coating
meticulous
etc
absolute
superiority
quickly
dominate
the
market.
Widely
used
in
electroplating
electrolysis
surface
treatment
industry
oxidation
and
get
old
and
new
customers.
Product
features:
一．This
product
USES
imported
brand
components
and
international
advanced
bridge
in
precision
machining
technology
of
inverter,and
make
the
performance
is
stable,the
quality
is
reliable.
二．For
high-frequency
pulse
waveforms
output
ripple
coefficient,the
1%,can
improve
the
number
of
plating
and
surface
aestivation,refuse
the
gloss
and
got
a
dark
corner
of
plating.
And
can
reduce
the
loss,raw
materials
of
plating
industry
of
special
requirements.
三．SFG
series
high
frequency
switching
power
supply
by
air-filled
type
design,installation
convenience.
With
remote
control
device,easy
for
operation.
Can
bring
load
switch
machine,reduce
the
adjustment
of
the
complex
procedures.
四.
Small
volume
light
weight
the
comprehensive
use
of
anticorrosive
craft,enhance
the
ability
of
anti-corrosion
products,prolong
the
life.
五.
Energy
saving,high
working
efficiency
reached
more
than
90%,any
more
than
a
linear
always
voltage
matching.
Save
the
traditional
rectifier
regulator
and
the
energy
loss,in
more
than
35%,greatly
reduce
the
cost,the
reason
of
surface
treatment
industry
High
frequency
switching
power
supply
一．
The
main
circuit
From
the
input
and
output
of
dc
exchange
network,including:
1．The
whole
the
effect
is
input
filter:
there
will
be
the
clutter
power
filter,also
hindered
the
feedback
to
produce
clutter
of
public
power.
2．And
rectification
and
filtering:
ac
power
grid
directly
to
a
smooth
dc
rectification,in
order
to
the
next
level.
3．Inverter:
after
rectifying
dc
into
high
frequency
alternating,this
is
the
core
part
of
switch
power
supply,the
higher
the
frequency
volume,and
weight
and
output
power
than
smaller.
4．And
output
rectifier
and
filtering:
according
to
provide
reliable,load
of
the
dc
power
supply.
Second
control
circuit
：On
one
hand,the
sample
from
the
output
terminal
with
setting
standards,and
then
compared
to
control
the
inverter,change
the
frequency
or
pulse
width,achieve
output
stability,on
the
other
hand,according
to
the
test
circuit,the
information
provided
by
differential
protection
circuit,control
circuit
of
various
protection
measures.
Third
detection
circuit：In
addition
to
providing
protection
circuit
is
running
in
the
various
parameters
but
also
provide
various
display
meter
data.
Four,the
auxiliary
power
To
provide
all
the
different
requirements
of
a
circuit
switching
voltage
control
principle
Switch
to
certain
time
interval
K
repeatedly
through
and
disconnect
the
switch,the
power
input,K
E
through
switch
and
filter
circuits
provide
load
RL,throughout
the
switch
power
load
during
to
provide
energy,E,When
the
switch,input
power
disconnection
K
E
will
provide
energy
interrupted.
Visible,to
provide
the
energy
input
power
load
is
intermittent,for
the
load
can
be
provided
for
energy
switching
power
supply,a
storage
device,must
be
in
switch
will
be
part
of
the
energy
stored
in
the
switch
to
load,release.
In
the
figure,the
inductance
and
capacitance
C2
and
diode
L
circuit,is
composed
of
D
this
function.
Inductance
used
in
storing
energy,l.,and
stored
in
the
switch
of
energy
through
the
diode
inductance
L
D,released
to
load
get
steady
and
continuous
energy,because
diode
D
make
continuous
load
current,so
called
free-wheeling
diode.
In
EAB
average
voltage
between
AB
says:
under
the
type
used:
EAB
=
TON/T
E
For
every
TON
of
time,the
switch
to
switch
the
huge
T
works
cycle
(i.e.
switch
time
TON
TOFF
cut-off
time
and
sum).
By
type,changing
switch
time
and
work
cycle,the
ratio
between
the
average
voltage
AB
also
changed,therefore,with
the
load
and
the
input
voltage
changes
automatically
adjusted
TON
and
the
proportion
of
T
he
can
make
the
output
voltage
V0
remain
unchanged.
Change
through
Time
and
work
cycle
TON
of
pulse
that
changing
proportion
of
this
method,SHCH
as
“Time
Ratio
Control“(from
Time,abbreviation
for
TRC).
According
to
the
control
principle
TRC
have
three
ways:
A
Pulse
Width
Modulation
(Pulse
Width
Modulation,the
abbreviation
for
PWM)
Switch
is
constant,by
changing
the
pulse
width
to
change
the
way
SHCH.
Second,Pulse
Frequency,Pulse
Modulation
(some
Modulation
abbreviated
PFM)
The
constant
change
of
the
pulse
width,through
the
working
frequency
switches
to
change
the
way
SHCH.
Third,mix
modulation
Conduction
pulse
width
and
switch
jobs
are
not
fixed
frequency,each
other
can
change
the
way,and
it
is
more
than
two
ways
of
mixed.
High
frequency
switching
power
supply
[1]
don
t
need
to
increase
speed
switches
can
theoretically
the
switch
loss
to
zero,and
noise
is
small
The
development
of
switch
power
Switching
power
supply
for
has
the
advantages
of
small
size,light
weight,high
efficiency,low
calorific
value
and
stable
performance
advantages
and
gradually
replace
traditional
manufacturing
technology
of
continuous
work
power,and
widely
used
in
electronic
machine
and
equipment.
In
the
1980s,the
full
realization
of
computer,the
switching
power
supply
complete
computer.
In
the
1990s,switch
power
supply
in
electronics,electrical
equipment,and
home
appliance
field
has
been
widely
applied;
switch
power
technology
into
rapid
development.
Switching
voltage
stabilizer
adopts
power
semiconductor
as
switch,through
the
control
switch
SHCH
adjustment
output
voltage.
In
power
transistors
(GTR),for
example,when
a
switch
tube
saturated
conductivity,the
collector
and
emitter
on
both
ends
of
the
pressure
drop
to
zero,When
the
switch
tube,the
collector
current
deadline
to
zero.
So
the
consumption,efficiency
can
be
up
to
70-95.
While
consumption
also
decrease.
Radiator
switching
voltage
stabilizer
for
grid
voltage
directly
rectifier,filter,and
then
adjusted
by
adjusting
voltage
switch
pipe,need
not
power
transformer.
In
addition,switch
frequency
for
dozens
of
KHZ,filter
capacitor,inductor
value.
Therefore
switching
power
supply
is
light
weight,small
size,etc.
In
addition,due
to
the
low
consumption,low
temperature;
improve
the
stability
and
reliability
of
the
machine.
And
on
the
grid
adaptive
capability
has
increased,the
average
power
serial
Manos
tat
allows
for
220
±
10%
fluctuate,but
switching
voltage
stabilizer
in
voltage
in
a
110-260
volts
range
change,can
obtain
stable
output
voltage.
The
high
frequency
switching
power
supply
is
the
development
of
technology
innovation
technology,high
frequency
of
the
benefit
is
that
switching
power
supply
device
to
miniaturization,and
make
an
unprecedented
power
switch
into
a
wide
range
of
areas,especially
in
the
high-tech
fields
of
application,promote
the
high-tech
products
of
miniaturization,light.
Now
on
the
market
of
switch
power
supply
power
tube
with
a
bipolar
transistor,switch
frequency
can
reach
several
KHZ,The
switch
power
MOSFET
using
frequency
conversion
of
hundreds
of
KHZ.
To
improve
the
switch
frequency,must
adopt
high
speed
switching
devices.
For
the
power
switch
frequency
than
MHZ
available
resonant
circuit
this
way
of
working
is
called
resonant
switching
mode.
It
can
greatly
improve
switch
speed,theoretically
switch
loss
to
zero,the
noise
is
small,and
it
is
to
improve
the
working
frequency
of
switch
power.
By
way
of
resonant
switching
converter
has
practical
level
MHZ.
Pursuit
of
switch
power
supply
technical
development
trend
and
can
be
summarized
in
the
following
four
aspects.
A
miniaturization,thin,light,high
frequency
switching
power
supply
of
--
of
volume,weight
is
mainly
composed
of
storage
devices
(magnetic
components
and
capacitance),so
the
miniaturization
of
switch
power
supply
is
essentially
to
minimize
the
volume
of
storage
devices,In
a
certain
range,the
switch
frequency,not
only
can
effectively
reduce
capacitance
and
inductance
and
the
size
of
the
transformer,but
also
can
restrain
the
interference,improve
the
dynamic
performance
of
the
system.
Therefore,high
frequency
switching
power
is
the
main
development
direction.
Second,high
reliability
-
the
use
of
switch
power
supply
for
a
job
than
components
ten
times,thus
increasing
the
reliability.
From
the
Angle
of
life,capacitors,optical
coupler
and
platoon
devices
such
as
life
determines
the
communication
power
of
life.
So,from
design,use
less
as
far
as
possible,improve
integration.
Such
not
only
solved
the
reliability
of
complex,the
circuit,also
increases
protection
function,simplify
the
circuit
improve
MTBF.
Third,low
noise
-
one
of
switch
power
supply
noise
is.
Simply
pursuit
of
high
frequency
and
noise
also
is
met
subsequently
increased.
The
partial
resonant
converting
circuit
technology,in
principle
on
which
can
not
only
improve
the
frequency
and
can
reduce
the
noise.
So,as
far
as
possible
to
reduce
the
noise
influence
of
switch
power
supply
is
a
development
direction.
Four,using
computer
aided
design
and
control
--
USES
the
latest
technology
design
CDD
CAA
and
transformation
of
topology
and
the
best
parameters,make
the
switch
power
structure
and
the
best
condition.
Jane,in
the
circuit
into
microcomputers
detection
and
control,monitoring
system,can
form
multi-function
real-time
detection,record
and
automatic
alarm
and
etc.
The
development
of
switch
power
supply
is
and
semiconductor
devices
and
the
development
of
magnetic
components.
The
high
frequency,need
corresponding
high-speed
semiconductor
A
high-frequency
electromagnetic
with
excellent
performance.
Development
power
MOSFET,IGBT
etc,develop
new
high-speed
device
with
low
frequency
magnetic
materials,improving
the
loss
of
magnetic
components
of
the
structure
and
the
design
method,enhances
the
filter
capacitor
dielectric
constant
and
reduce
its
equivalent
series
resistor
etc,to
switch
power
miniaturization
has
produced
a
great
impetus
高频开关电源介绍
简介
高频开关电源(也称为开关型整流器SMR)通过MOSFET或IGBT的高频工作，开关频率一般控制在50-100kHz范围内，实现高效率和小型化。近几年，开关整流器的功率容量不断扩大，单机容量己从48V/12.5A、48V/20A扩大到48V/200A、48V/400A。
高频开关电源是传统整流器（硅整流器
，可控硅整流器）的升级替代产品。高频开关电源以使用方便，体积小，效率高，工作稳定，镀层细致等绝对的优势迅速占领市场。广泛使用于电镀，电解，氧化等表面处理行业，并得到新老客户的一致好评。
产品特点：
1．本产品采用进口名牌元器件和国际先进的全桥逆变换流技术精密加工而成，使整机的性能稳定，质量更加可靠。
2.流输出波形为高频方波，纹波系数大大主小于1%，可提高镀数，拒绝钝化，增强镀层表面的光泽度和镀件暗角的钻芯度。并可减少原材料的损耗，达到电镀行业的各种特殊要求。
3.SFG系列高频开关电源采用风冷式设计，安装方便。并配有远控装置，操作简单。可以带负载开关机，减少调节的烦琐程序。
4.体积小、重量轻，整机运用了全方位的防腐工艺制作，增强了产品的防腐蚀能力，延长了使用寿命。
5.高效，节能，工作效率达到90%以上，任意电压电流比始终成线性匹配。省去了传统整流器的调压器和主变的损耗，节能在35%以上，大大的减轻了电镀成本，实为表面处理行业最理智的选
高频开关电源原理
一、主电路
从交流电网输入、直流输出的全过程，包括：
1、输入滤波器：其作用是将电网存在的杂波过滤，同时也阻碍本机产生的杂波反馈到公共电网。
2、整流与滤波：将电网交流电源直接整流为较平滑的直流电，以供下一级变换。
3、逆变：将整流后的直流电变为高频交流电，这是高频开关电源的核心部分，频率越高，体积、重量与输出功率之比越小。
4、输出整流与滤波：根据负载需要，提供稳定可靠的直流电源。
二、控制电路
一方面从输出端取样，经与设定标准进行比较，然后去控制逆变器，改变其频率或脉宽，达到输出稳定，另一方面，根据测试电路提供的资料，经保护电路鉴别，提供控制电路对整机进行各种保护措施。
三、检测电路
除了提供保护电路中正在运行中各种参数外，还提供各种显示仪表资料。
四、辅助电源
提供所有单一电路的不同要求电源。
开关控制稳压原理
开关K以一定的时间间隔重复地接通和断开，在开关K接通时，输入电源E通过开关K和滤波电路提供给负载RL，在整个开关接通期间，电源E向负载提供能量；当开关K断开时，输入电源E便中断了能量的提供。可见，输入电源向负载提供能量是断续的，为使负载能得到连续的能量提供，开关稳压电源必须要有一套储能装置，在开关接通时将一部份能量储存起来，在开关断开时，向负载释放。图中，由电感L、电容C2和二极管D组成的电路，就具有这种功能。电感L用以储存能量，在开关断开时，储存在电感L中的能量通过二极管D释放给负载，使负载得到连续而稳定的能量，因二极管D使负载电流连续不断，所以称为续流二极管。在AB间的电压平均值EAB可用下式表示：
EAB=TON/T*E
式中TON为开关每次接通的时间，T为开关通断的工作周期（即开关接通时间TON和关断时间TOFF之和）。
由式可知，改变开关接通时间和工作周期的比例，AB间电压的平均值也随之改变，因此，随着负载及输入电源电压的变化自动调整TON和T的比例便能使输出电压V0维持不变。改变接通时间TON和工作周期比例亦即改变脉冲的占空比，这种方法称为“时间比率控制”（Time
Ratio
Control,缩写为TRC）。
按TRC控制原理，有三种方式：
一、脉冲宽度调制（Pulse
Width
Modulation,缩写为PWM）
开关周期恒定，通过改变脉冲宽度来改变占空比的方式。
二、脉冲频率调制（Pulse
Frequency
Modulation,缩写为PFM）
导通脉冲宽度恒定，通过改变开关工作频率来改变占空比的方式。
三、混合调制
导通脉冲宽度和开关工作频率均不固定，彼此都能改变的方式，它是以上二种方式的混合。
高频开关电源[1]不需要大幅度提高开关速度就可以在理论上把开关损耗降到零，而且噪声也小
开关电源的发展
开关电源因具有体积小、重量轻、效率高、发热量低、性能稳定等优点而逐渐取代传统技术制造的连续工作电源，并广泛应用于电子整机与设备中。20世纪80年代，计算机全面实现了开关电源化，率先完成计算机的电源换代。20世纪90年代，开关电源在电子、电器设备、家电领域得到了广泛的应用，开关电源技术进入快速发展期。
开关型稳压电源采用功率半导体器件作为开关，通过控制开关的占空比调整输出电压。以功率晶体管(GTR)为例，当开关管饱和导通时，集电极和发射极两端的压降接近零；当开关管截止时，其集电极电流为零。所以其功耗小，效率可高达70%-95%。而功耗小，散热器也随之减小。开关型稳压电源直接对电网电压进行整流、滤波、调整，然后由开关调整管进行稳压，不需要电源变压器。此外，开关工作频率为几十千赫，滤波电容器、电感器数值较小。因此开关电源具有重量轻、体积小等优点。
另外，由于功耗小，机内温升低，提高了整机的稳定性和可靠性。而且其对电网的适应能力也有较大的提高，一般串联稳压电源允许电网波动范围为220±10%，而开关型稳压电源在电网电压在110-260伏范围内变化时，都可获得稳定的输出电压。
开关电源的高频化是电源技术发展的创新技术，高频化带来的效益是使开关电源装置空前地小型化，并使开关电源进入更广泛的领域，特别是在高新技术领域的应用，推动了高新技术产品的小型化、轻便化。另外开关电源的发展与应用在节约资源及保护环境方面都具有深远的意义。
目前市场上开关电源中功率管多采用双极型晶体管，开关频率可达几十千赫；采用MOSFET的开关电源转换频率可达几百千赫。为提高开关频率，必须采用高速开关器件。对于兆赫以上开关频率的电源可利用谐振电路，这种工作方式称为谐振开关方式。
它可以极大地提高开关速度，理论上开关损耗为零，噪声也很小，这是提高开关电源工作频率的一种方式。采用谐振开关方式的兆赫级变换器已经实用化。开关电源的技术追求和发展趋势可以概括为以下四个方面。
一、小型化、薄型化、轻量化、高频化———开关电源的体积、重量主要是由储能元件（磁性元件和电容）决定的，因此开关电源的小型化实质上就是尽可能减小其中储能元件的体积；在一定范围内，开关频率的提高，不仅能有效地减小电容、电感及变压器的尺寸，而且还能够抑制干扰，改善系统的动态性能。因此，高频化是开关电源的主要发展方向。
二、高可靠性———开关电源使用的元器件比连续工作电源少数十倍，因此提高了可靠性。从寿命角度出发，电解电容、光耦合器及排风扇等器件的寿命决定着通信电源的寿命。所以，要从设计方面着眼，尽可能使用较少的器件，提高集成度。这样不但解决了电路复杂、可靠性差的问题，也增加了保护等功能，简化了电路，提高了平均无故障时间。
三、低噪声———开关电源的缺点之一是噪声大。单纯地追求高频化，噪声也会随之增大。采用部分谐振转换回路技术，在原理上既可以提高频率又可以降低噪声。所以，尽可能地降低噪声影响是开关电源的又一发展方向。
四、采用计算机辅助设计和控制———采用CAA和CDD技术设计最新变换拓扑和最佳参数，使开关电源具有最简结构和最佳工况。在电路中引入微机检测和控制，可构成多功能监控系统，可以实时检测、记录并自动报警等。
开关电源的发展从来都是与半导体器件及磁性元件等的发展休戚相关的。高频化的实现，需要相应的高速半导体件和性能优良的高频电磁元件。发展功率MOSFET、IGBT等新型高速器件，开发高频用的低损磁性材料，改进磁元件的结构及设计方法，提高滤波电容的介电常数及降低其等效串联电阻等，对于开关电源小型化始终产生着巨大的推动作用