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Childrenhavetheirownrulesinplayinggames.Theyseldomneedareferee(裁判)andrarelytroubletokeepscores.Theydon’tcaremuchaboutwhowinsorloses,anditdoesn’tseemtoworrythemifthegameisnotfinished.Yet,theylikegamesthatdependalotonluck,sothattheirpersonalabilitiescannotbedirectlycompare.Theyalsoenjoyedgamesthatmoveinstages,inwhicheachstage,thechoosingofleaders,thepicking-upofsides,orthedeterminingofwhichsideshallstart,isalmostagameinitself.
Grown-upscanhardlyfindchildren’sgameexciting,andtheyoftenfeelpuzzledatwhytheirkidsplaysuchsimplegameagainandagain.However,itisfoundthatachildplaysgamesforveryimportantreasons.Hecanbeagoodplayerwithouthavingtothinkwhetherheisapopularperson,andhecanfindhimselfbeingausefulpartnertosomeoneofwhomheisordinaryafraid.Hebecomesaleaderwhenitcomestohisturn.Hecanbeconfident,too,inparticulargames,thatitishisplacetogiveorders,topretendtobedead,tothrowaballactuallyatsomeone,ortokisssomeonehehascaught.
Itappearstousthatwhenchildrenplayagametheyimagineasituationundertheircontrol.Everyoneknowstherules,andmoreimportantly,everyoneplaysaccordingtotherules.Thoserulesmaybechildish,buttheymakesurethateverychildhasachancetowin.
62.Whatistrueaboutchildrenwhentheyplaygames?
A.Theycanstopplayinganytimetheylike.
B.Theycantesttheirpersonalabilities.
C.Theywanttopickabetterteam.
D.Theydon’tneedrules.
63.Tobecomealeaderinagamethechildhasto_________.
A.beausefulpartnerB.waitforhisturn
C.beconfidentinhimselfD.bepopularamonghisplaymates
64.Whydoesachildlikeplayinggames?
A.Becausehecanbesomeoneotherthanhimself.
B.Becausehecanbecomepopularamongfriends.
C.Becausehefindsheisalwaysluckyingames.
D.Becausehelikestheplacewhereheplaysagame.
65.Whichisthebesttitleforthispassage?
A.RulesinChildren’sGames
B.AdvantagesofPlayingGamesforChildren
C.ReasonsforChildren’sGames
D.HowtoBeaPopularGamePlayer
62.A.细节理解题。由第一段第三句可知。
63.B.细节理解题。由第二段倒数第二句可知。
64.A.细节理解题。由第二段第三句可知。
65.B.主旨大意题。由全文内容可知。
阅读理解-----D
AstronautsaboardthespacestationcelebratedaspacefirstonWednesdaybydrinkingwater
thathadbeenrecycledfrom;their.urine(尿)，sweatandwatergotfromair.Theysaid"cheers,"
clickeddrinkingbagsandtoastedNASAworkersontheground.
TheurinerecyclingsystemisneededforastronautstationsonthemoonandMars.Italso
willhaveNASAmoneybecauseitwon'thavetoshipupasmuchwatertothestationbyspace
shuttlesorcargorockets.Besides,it's.importantasthespacestationisabouttoexpandfromthree
peoplelivingonbeardtosix.
TherecyclingsystemhadbeenbroughtuptothespacestationlastNovemberbyspace
shuttlesEndeavour,butitcouldn'tbeuseduntilsamplesweretestedbackonearth:Sowhenit
cametimetoactuallydrinkup,NASAmadeabigdealofit.The-three-mancrewstoodholding
theirdrinksandcongratulatedengineersintwoNASAcentersthatworkedonthesystem.
"Thisissomethingthathadbeenthestuffofsciencefiction,”AmericanastronautMichael
Barrattsaidbeforetakingasmallmouthful."Thetasteisworthtrying."
Thenewsystemtakesthecombinedurineofthecrewfromthetoilet,movesittoabigtank,
wherethewaterisboiledoff,andthevaporiscollected.Therestoftheurineisthrownaway.
Thenthewatervaporismixedwithwaterfromair,andthenitgoesthroughfilters(过滤器).
Whensixcrewmembersareaboarditcanmakeaboutsixgallonsfromurineinaboutsixhours.
“Somepeoplemayfindtheideaofdrinkingrecycledurinedistasteful,butitisalsodoneon
earth,butwithalotlongertimebetweenurineandthetap,”saidMarybethEdeen,thespace
station'snationallabmanager.
ThetechnologyNASAdevelopedforhissystemhasalreadybeenusedforquickwater
purificationafterthexxxxAsiantsunami.
53.Accordingtothetext,therecyclingsystemisimportantbecause______.
A.itmakestravelingtohemoonfortheaveragepersonpossible
B.withitNASAwon'tneedtoshipanywaterupthespacestation
C.itcanhelpmeettheneedformorewaterafterthecrewisexpanded
D.itprotectstheenvironmentinspacebyreducingtheamountofwaste
C考查细节理解。根据第二段中的itwon'thavetoshipupasmuchwatertothestationbyspace
shuttlesorcargorockets.Besides,it's.importantasthespacestationisabouttoexpandfromthree
peoplelivingonbeardtosix.可知选C。
54.Fromparagraph5，wecanknow________.
A.thetheorybehindtherecyclingsystemB.theeffectoftherecyclingsystem
C.anopiniononrecyclingurineD.theprocessofrecyclingurine
D考查判断、推理。根据Thenewsystemtakesthecombinedurineofthecrewfromthetoilet,movesittoabigtank,wherethewaterisboiledoff,andthevaporiscollected.Therestoftheurineisthrownaway.可知，这是循环利用的过程。
55.WhatdidEdeensayaboutrecycledurineandtherecyclingsystem?
A.Thetasteofrecycledurineisnotasgoodasthatofcommonwater.
B.Therecyclingsystemhasmadeasciencefictionstorycometrue，
C.Theideaofdrinkingrecycledurinemakesastronautsfeelunpleasant.
D.Ittakesalongertimeonearthtomakewaterfromurinethaninspace.
D考查判断、推理。根据itisalsodoneonearth,butwithalotlongertimebetweenurineandthetap可知，在地球上，把尿净化成自来水需要更长的时间。
56.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?
A.TheResearchofNASAHasMadeGreatProgress
B.NewTechnologyIsUsedintheSpaceStation
C.DrinkupSpaceStationRecyclesUrinetoWater
D.GoodNews：WaterRecycledfromUrineTastesGood
C考查文章的标题。根据全文可知：在空间站将尿转换成水。
阅读理解----E
Noonelikestomakemistakes.Butanewstudysaysorganizationslearnmorefromtheir
failuresthanfromtheirsuccesses,andkeepthatknowledgelonger.
OneoftheresearcherswasVinitDesai,anassistantprofessorattheUniversityofColorado
DenverBusinessSchool.HeworkedwithPeterMadsenfromtheMarriottSchoolofManagement
atBrighamYoungUniversityinUtah.
Theydidnotfindmuchlong-term"organizationallearning"fromsuccess.Itispossible,they
sayButProfessorDesasaystheyfoundthatknowledgegainedfromfailurelastsforyears.
Hesaysorganizationsshouldtreatfailuresasalearningopportunityandnottrytoignore
them.
Thestudylookedatcompaniesandorganizati
onsthatlaunchsatellites一andotherspace
vehicles.ProfessorDesaicomparedtwoshuttleflights.
Intwothousandtwo,apieceofinsulating(隔热的)materialbrokeof,duringlaunchand
damagedarocketontheAtlantis.Still,theflightwasconsideredasuccess.
Then,inearlytwothousandthree,apieceofinsulationstrucktheColumbiaduringlaunch.
Thistime,theshuttlebrokeapartonre-entryandthesevencrewmembersdied.NASAofficials
suspendedallflightsandaninvestigationledtosuggestedchanges.
ProfessorDesaisaysthesearchforsolutionsafterafailurecanmakeleadersmore
open-minded.Hepointstoairlinesasanexampleofanindustrythathaslearnedfromfailuresin
thepast.
Headvisesorganizationstolookforusefulinformationinsmallfailuresandfailuresthey
avoided.Healsourgesleaderstoencouragetheopensharingofinformation.Thestudyappeared
intheAcademyofManagementJournal
Themistakeswelearnfromdonothavetobeourown.Werecentlyaskedpeopleonour
Facebookpagetotellusatimetheyhaddonesomethingreallysilly.
FabricioCminowrote:NotlongagoIwantedtowatchTV,butitwouldn'tturnon,soIdid
everythingIcouldtostartit.Thirtyminuteslatermymumshowedupand,passingby,saidtome
"Didyoutrypluggingit'?I’mjustdusting，Mum!”Soshewouldn'tnoticehowdumbIam
sometimes!
BrunoKanieskidaSilvatoldaboutatimehelookedeverywhereforhiskey.Itwasinhis
pocket.Hewrote：IalwayspromiseIwillneverdoitagain,butafter-afewweeks___，whereismy
wallet?Forsureitwillbeinaverylogicalplace.
57.Whatwegetfromfailurediffersfromthatfromsuccessinthat_______.
A.whatwelearnfromfailureismorepowerful
B.whatwelearnfromsuccessdoesnogoodtous
C.theknowledgegainedfromfailureisimportantforacompany
D.theknowledgegainedfromfailurelastslonger
D考查细节理解。根据第一段anewstudysaysorganizationslearnmorefromtheir
failuresthanfromtheirsuccesses,andkeepthatknowledgelonger和第三段theyfoundthatknowledgegainedfromfailurelastsforyears.可知选D。
58.Fromthepassage,wecaninferthat________.
A.theinsulatingmaterialprobleminxxxxdidn'tarouseenoughattention
B.therewerenoastronautsonColumbia
C.inspiteoftheproblem,Atlantiswasconsideredasuccess
D.Columbiaexplodedduringitslaunchtime
A考查判断、推理。根据Intwothousandtwo,apieceofinsulating(隔热的)materialbrokeof,duringlaunchanddamagedarocketontheAtlantis.Still,theflightwasconsideredasuccess.可推知。
59.Thewritergivesthelasttwoparagraphstoshowthat________.
A.manypeoplemakemistakesintheworld
B.mistakeswereaveryembarrassingthingwhenfoundbyothers
C.wecanalsodrawalessonfromothers'mistakes
D.makingmistakeswasanecessity
C考查作者的写作意图。作者举例说明从别人的错误中获取教训。
60.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?
A.Onlyorganizationscanlearnfrommistakes
B.Wecanalsolearnfromfailuresthathavebeenavoided.
C.Lessonsfromtheshuttleflightsaremoreimportant.
D.Leadersoftenlackanopenmindandseldomshareinformation.
B考查细节理解。根据Headvisesorganizationstolookforusefulinformationinsmallfailuresandfailurestheyavoided.可知选B。
【吉林市普通中学2019—2013高三(下)质量检测】D
Asyouareprobablyaware,thelatestjob
marketsnewsisn’tgood:Unemploymentisstillmorethan9percent,andnewjobgrowthhasfallenclosetozero.That’sbadfortheeconomy,ofcourse.Anditmaybeespeciallydiscouragingifyouhappentobelookingforajoborhopingtochangecareersrightnow.Butitactuallyshouldn’tmattertoyounearlyasmuchasyouthink.
That’sbecausejobgrowthnumbersdon’tmattertojobhuntersasmuchasjobturnoverdata.Afterall,existingjobsopenupeverydayduetopromotions,resignations,terminations(终止),andretirements.Inbothgoodtimesandbad,turnovercreatesmoreopeningsthaneconomicgrowthdoes.EveninJuneofxxxx,whentheeconomywasstillhummingalong,jobgrowthwasonly132,000,whileturnoverwas4.7million!
Andasitturnsout,eventoday—withjobgrowthnearzero—over4millionjobhuntersarebeinghiredeverymonth.
Idon’tmeantoimplythatoveralljobgrowthdoesn’thaveanimpactonone’sabilitytolandajob.It’struethatiftotalemploymentwerehigher,itwouldmeanmorejobsforallofustochoosefrom(andcompetefor).
Butwhatoftendistinguishesthosewholandjobsfromthosewhodon’tistheirabilitytostaymotivated.They’rewillingtodothehardworkofidentifyingtheirvaluableskills;becreativeaboutwhereandhowtolook;learnhowtopresentthemselvestopotentialemployers;andkeepgoing,evenafterrepeatedrejections.
Sodon’tlettheheadlinesfoolyouintogivingup.FourmillionpeoplegethiredeverymonthintheU.S.Youcanbeoneofthem.
66.Theauthortendstobelievethathighunemploymentrate______.
A.deprivesmanypeopleofjobopportunities
B.preventsmanypeoplefromchangingcareers
C.shouldnotstoppeoplefromlookingforajob
D.doesnotmeantheU.S.economyisworsening
67.Wheredomostjobopeningscomefrom?
A.Jobgrowth.B.Jobturnover.
C.Improvedeconomy.D.Businessexpansion.
68.Theunderlinedword“humming”inParagraph2probablymeans_________.
A.fallingB.satisfying
C.growingD.disappointing
69.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutoveralljobgrowth?
A.Itdoesn’thavemucheffectonindividualjobseekers.
B.Itincreasespeople’sconfidenceintheeconomy.
C.Itgivesarayofhopetotheunemployed.
D.Itdoesn’tmeangreaterjobsecurityfortheemployed.
70.Whatisthekeytolandingajobaccordingtotheauthor?
A.Education.B.Intelligence(智力).
C.Persistence(坚持).D.Experience.
66.C.推理判断题。真正表达作者观点的是第一段最后一句和原文最后一段第一句。
67.B.细节理解题。由第二段第一句可知。
68.C.词义猜测题。由上下文的growth可知。
69.A.观点态度题。由第四段第一句可知。
70.C.细节理解题。由第五段第一句可知，关键词是staymotivated。
阅读理解----A
Asyougrowolder,you’llbefacedwithsomechallengingdecisions—likewhethertocutclassortrycigarettes.Makingdecisionsonyourownishardenough,butwhenotherpeoplegetinvolvedandtrytopressureyouonewayoranotheritcanbeevenharder.Peoplewhoareyourage,likeyourclassmates,arecalledpeers.Whentheytrytoinfluencehowyouact,togetyoutodosomething,it’scalledpeerpressure.
Peerscanhaveapositiveinfluenceoneachother.Maybeanotherstudentinyourscienceclasstaughtyouaneasywaytoremembertheplanetsinthesolarsystem.Maybe
yougotothersexcitedaboutyournewfavoritebook,andnoweveryone’sreadingit.Theseareexamplesofhowpeerspositivelyinfluenceeachother.
Sometimespeersinfluenceeachotherinnegativeways.Forexample,afewkidsinschoolmighttrytogetyoutocutclasswiththem;yoursoccerfriendmighttrytoconvinceyoutobemeantoanotherplayerandneverpasshimtheball.
Itistoughtobetheonlyonewhosays“no”topeerpressure,butyoucandoit.Payingattentiontoyourownfeelingsandbeliefsaboutwhatisrightandwrongcanhelpyouknowtherightthingtodo.
You’veprobablyhadaparentorteacheradvisingyouto“chooseyourfriendswisely.”Peerpressureisabigreasonwhytheysaythis.Ifyouchoosefriendswhodon’tcutclass,smokecigarettes,orlietotheirparents,thenyouprobablywon’tdothesethingseither,evenifotherkidsdo.
Ifyoucontinuetofacepeerpressureandyou’refindingitdifficulttohandle,talktosomeoneyoutrust.Don’tfeelguiltyifyou’vemadeamistakeortwo.
41.Forwhomisthepassagemostprobablywritten?
A.Students.B.Parents.C.Teachers.D.Doctors.
42.Inthelastthreeparagraphs,theauthormainly_____.
A.explainswhyfriendshipissoimportant
B.givesadviceonhowtodealwithpeerpressure
C.discusseshowpeersinfluenceus
D.showshowtomakemoregoodfriends
43.Whichoffollowingmayhelphandlepeerpressure?
A.Spendingmoretimewithclassmates.
B.Takingupmorerelaxinghobbies.
C.Choosingfriendswithnobadhabits.
D.Helpingotherswhoareintrouble.
44.Whatisthetopicofthepassage?
A.Friendship.B.MakingdecisionsC.Self-confidenceD.Peerpressure
参考答案41—45.ABCD
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