对初中英语非谓语动词的全面总结 本文关键词:动词,初中英语,非谓语
对初中英语非谓语动词的全面总结 本文简介:对非谓语动词的全面总结(一)动词不定式在句中做前一个动词的宾语。记住下列形式:(仅限于初中范畴)1.wanttodosth想要做2.wouldliketodosth想要做3.hopetodosth希望做4.wishtodosth希望做5.decidetodosth决定做6.plantodosth计划
对初中英语非谓语动词的全面总结 本文内容:
对非谓语动词的全面总结
(一)动词不定式在句中做前一个动词的宾语。
记住下列形式:(仅限于初中范畴)
1.want
to
do
sth想要做
2.would
like
to
do
sth想要做
3.hope
to
do
sth希望做
4.wish
to
do
sth希望做
5.decide
to
do
sth决定做
6.plan
to
do
sth计划做
7.fail
to
do
sth做某事失败
8.agree
to
do
sth同意做
9.learn
to
do
sth学会做
10happen
to
do
sth偶然发生
11.need
to
do
sth需要做
12.be
sure
to
do
sth确定做
13.seem
to
do
sth似乎要发生
14.try/do
one’s
best
to
do
sth尽力做
15
.can’twait
to
do
sth迫不及待做
(二)动词不定式在句中作宾语补足语。
1.want
sb
to
do
sth想让某人做
2.would
like
sb
to
do
sth想让某人做
3.wish
sb
to
do
sth希望某人做(不能用hope)
4.agree
sb
to
do
sth同意某人做
5.ask
sb(
not
)to
do
sth让某人(不)做
6.tell
sb
to
do
sth告诉某人做
7.allow
sb
to
do
sth允许某人做
8.advise
sb
to
do
sth建议某人做
9.encourage
sb
to
do
sth鼓励某人做
12.invite
sb
to
do
sth邀请某人做
13.teach
sb
to
do
sth教会某人做
(三)接省to不定式做宾语补足语的动词有:(使役动词)
1.make
sb
do
sth使某人做
2.let
sb.do
sth让某人做
3.have
sb
do
sth使某人做
4.help
sb
do
/to
do
sth帮助某人做
(四)、动词不定式在句中作主语
动词不定式作主语时,往往用it作形式主语,而真正的主语移到句末。
1.It’s+adj+for(of)
+sb
+to
do
sth
对某人来说做某事怎么样
l
Adj修饰文中的事情既to
do
sth时,人前的介词用for
;
l
但是如果Adj修饰文中的人既sb时,人前面的介词用of
如:①It’s
hard
for
me
to
learn
english
well.
hard
是修饰动词不定式to
learn
english
well,意为学好英语难,所以用的介词是for
sb
②It’s
kind
of
you
to
help
me
kind“善良的”修饰you(人)
意为你善良,所以介词用of
sb
2.It
take适当形式
sb
some
time
to
do
sth
英语句子结构为花费
某人
时间
做某事
译为:做某事花了某人多少时间。
3.It’s
time
to
do
sth该做某事
(六)动词不定式在句中作定语时一般都要放在所修饰名词或代词的后面。
1、a
chance
to
do
sth
做某事的一个机会
2、the
way
to
do
sth
做某事的办法
3、the
best
time
to
do
sth
做某事的最佳时间
4、something
to
eat
一些吃的东西
5、something
to
drink
一些喝的东西
6、a
lot
of
work
to
do
许多要做的工作
(七)疑问词+动词不定式,常用到的疑问词短语举例有:What
to
do
做什么,when
to
go
什么时候走,where
to
go
去哪里,how
to
do
it
如何来做此事,
1、作主语
Where
to
go
is
a
problem.去哪里还是个问题。
2、作宾语
I
don’t
know
how
to
use
the
computer.我不知道如何使用电脑。
3、作表语
The
problem
is
what
to
do
next.问题是下一步干什么。
4、作宾语补足语
Can
you
tell
me
when
to
start
tomorrow?你能告诉我明天什么时候出发吗?
二、动词ing形式。动词ing
形式为动名词或现在分词时
1.enjoy
doing喜欢做
2.practice
doing练习做
3.finish
doing做完某事
4.mind
sb’s
doing介意某人做
7.keep
sb
doing让某人一直做
8.miss
doing错过做
10.spend…(in)doing
花费时间或金钱做某事
11.feel
like
doing想要做
12.give
up
doing放弃做
13.suggest
doing建议做…
14.advise
doing建议做
15.介词后如接动词一律为ing
形式,为介词宾语,简称介宾。
be/get
used
to
doing习惯于做
look
forword
to
doing
期盼做某事
:
feel
like
doing
sth.喜欢做某事;
be
good
at
doing
sth.;
thank
you
for
doing
sth.;
give
up
doing
sth.;
stop
sb.
from
doing
sth.;
do
well
in
doing
sth.;
be
afraid
of
doing
sth.;
be
interested
in
doing
sth.;
be
proud
of
doing
sth.;
(二)动名词在句中作宾语补足语
1、keep
sb
doing
sth
让某人一直做某事
2、hear/
see/
watch/
notice/
find
sb
doing
sth
按顺序的翻译为:听见、看见、注视、注意到、发现某人正在做某事(此处的ing形式为现在分词作宾补)
(五)由动词ing形式构成的句型。
1.be
busy
doing忙着做某事
2.be
worth
doing值得做
3.can’t
help
doing忍不住做
4
have
trouble
doing
sth伴随状语
6.有某人/某物正在做某事There
be
sb/sth
doing
sth
8.have
fun
doing做某事过得开心
10.what/how
about
doing
sth?做某事怎么样?
11.No+动名词表示禁令
No
smoking禁止吸烟
No
parking禁止停车
12.go+动名词去进行某种活动或运动go
shopping,去购物;go
skating,去滑冰;go
hiking去远足
13.do
some/the+动名词,指进行某种活动
do
some
cleaning,搞卫生;do
some
washing
洗衣服;
三、有些动词既可以接动词不定式也可以接动名词,但意义不同,学生应该注意区分使用。
1.stop
to
do停下来去做.(做什么事)
2.stop
doing停止做…(停止做)
3.forget
to
do忘记做…(还没做)4.
forget
doing忘记做过(做过了)
5.remember
to
do记住去做
6.
remember
doing记住做过了
7.try
to
do试图努力做
8.try
doing实验做
9.go
on
doing继续做同一件事
10.go
on
to
do继续做另一件事
11.like/hate
to
do喜欢/讨厌做
(表具体,一次性的动作)
12.like/hatedoing喜欢/讨厌做
(习惯经常性)
四.感官动词接非谓语动词形式
1.
see
sb
doing
看见某人正在做
see
sb
do看见某人经常做
2.
hear
sb
doing听见某人正在做
hear
sb
do经常听见某人做
3.
find
sb
doing发现某人正在做
find
sb
do发现某人做了/正在做
六、过去分词,动名词做定语的情况。
A
book
written
by
Lu
Xun
书和write的关系是
书被写,用过去分词修饰
a
boy
called/named
Jim
a
place
called
Liaoning
A
boy
standing
in
the
room
男孩和stand的关系是主动,用动名词修饰
句型
such+名词性词组+that…——如此……以致……
So+形容词/副词+that…——如此……以致……
例如:(1)She
is
such
a
good
teacher
that
we
all
love
her.她是一个好老师,我们都爱她。
(2)It
was
such
a
hot
day
that
they
didn’t
go
out
for
a
walk
as
usual.这么热的天气,他们没有像往常一样去散步。
注意点:1.such+a+形容词+名词+that…,可以改写成:so+形容词+a+名词+that…,例句(1)可以改写成:She
is
so
good
a
teacher
that
we
all
love
her.
2.在such+形容词+名词复数或不可数名词+that…结构中,形容词如果是many/few或much/little时,用so不用such,即:so+many/few+可数名词复数+that…,so+much/little+不可数名词+that…
句型(二)
There
be…,either…or…,neither…nor…,not
only…but
also…当这几个句型连接主语时,谓语动词的人称和数要考虑“就近原则”,对比both…and…
来记忆,both…and…连接主语时视为复数。
句型(三)
Enough+名词+to
do…——有足够的……做某事
形容词/副词+enough+to
do
…——足够……做某事
例如:(1)There
is
enough
room
to
hold
these
people
to
have
a
meeting.有足够的地方容下这些人开会。
(2)The
boy
is
strong
enough
to
carry
the
heavy
box.这个男孩力气够大,能搬动这只箱子。
注意点:
enough做副词修饰形容词或副词时,放在所修饰词的后面,句子可以用so…that…句型改写。例句(2)可以改写为:The
boy
is
so
strong
that
he
can
carry
the
heavy
box.这个男孩力气很大,能搬动这只箱子。
句型(四)
too+形容词/副词+to
do…——太……以致不能……
例如:(1)I
was
too
excited
to
say
a
word.我激动得一个字也说不出来。
(2)Tom
is
too
short
to
reach
the
apple.
Tom太矮了,拿不到那个苹果。
注意点:
这是一个否定句型,不能在不定式前加
not,可以用so…that…结构改写,例如例句(1)可以改写成:I
was
so
excited
that
I
couldn’t
say
a
word.
句型(七)(1)It’s
time
for
sth.是干某事的时间了
It’s
time
(for
sb)
to
do
sth.该干某事了。
句型(八)
花费的句型
(1)It
takes
sb.
Some
time
to
do
sth.干某事花某人一些时间
(2)sb.
spend
some
time
on
sth./(in)
doing
sth.某人花时间在某事上/花时间干某事
(3))sb.spend
some
money
on
sth./(in)
doing
sth.花钱在某物上/花钱干某事
(4)sth.
cost
sb.
Some
money——某事花某人一些钱
(5))sb.
pay
some
money
for
sth.为某事(物)付钱
注意点:cost主语一般为物;spend、pay主语一般为人。例(1)中it
用做形式主语,动词不定式为真正主语。
句型(九)
(1)Why
not
do…?为什么不干某事?
(2)Let’s
do
…让我们干某事吧。
(3)Shall
we
do
…?我们干某事好吗?
(4)Would
you
like
something/to
do
sth.…?你想要什么吗?你想要干…吗?
(5)Will
you
please
do
…?请你干某事好吗?
(6)What
(How)
about
doing…?干某事怎么样?
注意点:这些句型都是表示“建议”的句子,可视为同义句。
句型(十)(1)Let’s
go
out
for
a
walk,shall
we?让我们出去散步,好吗?
(2)Read
the
book
carefully,will
you?认真读书,好吗?
注意点:在这两个句型中,(2)所代表的祈使句,一般用will
you构成反意疑问句。在(1)中Let’s表示包括“我”在内,用shall
we,但若是let
us,表示不包括“我”在内,则用will
you。
例如:Let
us
go
out
for
a
walk,will
you?你让我们出去散散步,好吗?
There
is
no
time
(for
sb.
)
to
do
sth.
对(某人来说)没时间做某事了
There
is
no
need
(for
sb.)
to
do
sth.
对某人来说没必要做某事
情景交际
打电话(Making
phone
calls)
Hello,is
that.speaking?你是.吗?
/
Who
is
that
speaking/calling?你是谁?/
Who
is
speaking/calling,please?你是谁?
应答时常说:Yes,(this
is).speaking.是的,我是.。/
Yes,it
s.here.
我是.。
4、打电话请对方找人
Is.in/at
home?
某某在家吗?/
Can/may/could
I
speak
to.,please?请.接电话好吗?
应答时常说:Hold
on/Wait
a
minute/One
moment,please.
请等一等。/
I
m
sorry.is
not
in./at
home
now.对不起,.现在不在。
、请求允许和应答(Asking
for
permission
and
responses)
1、Can
I/Could
I/May
I.?
我可不可以.?这个是请求对方允许自己做某事的最普通的交际用语,其中could
I.?语气最婉转;May
I.?
常用在比较正式的场合;Can
I.?
用得最广泛。
允许或同意时,可说:Yes./Sure./Certainly.当然可以。Of
course,you
may.当然可以。That
s
Ok./all
right.好的。:yes,you
may(can).是的。
不允许或不同意时,可说:I
m
sorry
you
can
t.对不起,你不可以.I
m
sorry,but.对不起,但是.。You
d
better
not.你最好别.。Sorry,I
m
afraid
not,对不起,恐怕不能。NO,you
may(can)
not
、谈论天气情况
What
s
the
weather
like
today
?
今天天气怎样?
应答时可说:It
s
fine
/warm
/cold
/hot
.
/
What
s
the
weather
going
to
be
like.the
day
after
tomorrow
?天气将怎样?It
s
going
to
be
fine
/warm/cold
/hot
.
“What
s
the
weather
like
.?“也可以用“How
is
the
weather.?“表达,其意思想同。
、问路及应答的交际用语
Excuse
me.
Can
you
tell
me
the
way
to
.?
劳驾,请告诉我去.(地方)怎么走?
/
Excuse
me.
How
can
I
get
to.?
劳驾,问怎样去.(地方)?
/
Excuse
me,please,where
is.?
劳驾,请问去.的路怎么去?
How
far
is
it
from
here?
它离这里多远?
/
It
s
about.meters
from
here.
它离这里大约.米远。
Go
down/along
this
street.
沿着这条街走下去。Go
down/along
this
street
till
you
get
to
.沿着这条街走到.(地方)为止。/
Turn
right/left
at
the
first/second
crossing.在第一/二个十字路口向右/左转。
赞美和恭维及应答别人赞美时的应答
thank
you.哦,谢谢!
I
m
glad
to
hear
that.听到这我真高兴。
/
Thanks
for
saying
so.谢谢你这样说。
How
s
everything
with
you?/
How
is
everything
going?
/近来怎么样?答语可用:“Pretty
well.“/
“Very
well.““Everything
is
OK.(一切顺利)“Not
too
bad.“还好”。
、看病时病交际用语
1、医生询问病情时的常用语
What
can
I
do
for
you“你看什么病?
/
What
s
wrong/the
matter/
the
trouble
with
you?
你有什么不舒服。/
Is
there
anything
wrong
with
you?
有什么看病吗?
4、医生看完病后对病人提出医嘱时的常用语
/
You
d
better
have
a
good
rest.
你最好好好休息休息。Take
this
medicine
three
times
a
day.
这药每天吃三次。/
Drink
plenty
of
water
and
have
a
good
rest.
多喝水,好好休息。/
/
You
ll
be
well/
all
right
soon.
不久你会好的。
二十九、
表示判断和意见
What
do
you
think
of?/
How
do
you
like?你认为怎么样?
4
篇2:总结归纳非谓语动词用法分析说明
总结归纳非谓语动词用法分析说明 本文关键词:动词,归纳,用法,分析,非谓语
总结归纳非谓语动词用法分析说明 本文简介:www.16fw.com大家网7/7总结归纳:非谓语动词用法分析说明非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和现在分词。为了区分这三种不同的非谓语动词的用法和含义,我们将分别从三种非谓语动词在句子中做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语以及一些特殊结构句型等角度来区分其用法和细微含义。1.不定式和动名
总结归纳非谓语动词用法分析说明 本文内容:
www.16fw.com大家网7
/
7
总结归纳:非谓语动词用法分析说明
非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和现在分词。为了区分这三种不同的非谓语动词的用法和含义,我们将分别从三种非谓语动词在句子中做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语以及一些特殊结构句型等角度来区分其用法和细微含义。
1.不定式和动名词作主语的区别
(1)动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作;而不定式作主语表示具体动作。
Smoking
is
prohibited(禁止)here.这里禁止抽烟。(抽象)
It
is
not
very
good
for
you
to
smoke
so
much.你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。(具体)
(2)动名词作主语时,通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。
不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。
Climbing
mountains
is
interesting.爬山很有趣。(经验)
Driving
a
car
during
the
rush
hour
is
tiring.在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。(经验)
(3)不定式做主语,一般用it当形式主语,把作主语的不定式短语后置。
It
took
me
only
five
minutes
to
finish
the
job.
2.不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别
(1)不定式作表语
1)不定式作表语一般表示具体动作,特别是表示将来的动作。
To
do
two
things
at
a
time
is
to
do
neither.--次做两件事等于未做。
What
I
would
suggest
is
to
start
work
at
once.我的建议是立刻开始干。
2)如果主语是不定式(表示条件),表语也是不定式(表示结果)。
To
see
is
to
believe.百闻不如一见。
To
work
means
to
earn
a
living.工作就是为了生活。
3)如果主语是以aim,
duty,
hope,
idea,
happiness,
job,
plan,
problem,
purpose,
thing,
wish等为中心的名词,或以what引导的名词性从句,不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明
作用。
His
wish
is
to
buy
a
luxurious
car
in
the
near
future.他的希望是在不远的将来买一辆豪华轿车。
The
function
of
Louis
Sullivan
s
architecture
was
to
provide
large
uninterrupted
floor
areas
and
to
allow
ample
light
into
the
interior.
The
most
important
thing
is
to
negotiate
with
them
about
the
future
of
the
plant.
(2)动名词作表语:动名词作表语,表示抽象的一般性的行为。
Our
work
is
serving
the
people.我们的工作是为人民服务。
His
hobby
is
collecting
stamps.他的爱好是集邮。
注:动名词作表语时与进行时态中的现在分词形式相同,但其所属结构迥异,进行时态说明动作是由主语完成的。动名词做表语,说明主语的性质或情况。
People
cannot
but
feel
puzzled,
for
they
simply
cannot
understand
how
he
could
have
made
such
a
stupid
mistake.
His
victory
in
the
final
was
no
more
convincing
than
I
had
expected.
(3)分词作表语
分词做表语有两种情况,一种是现在分词做表语,一种是过去分词做表语,这两者区别是考试中经常考到的地方。一般来说,表示心理状态的动词如excite,
interest等都是及物动词,汉语意思不是“激动”,“高兴”,而是“使激动”、“使高兴”,因而现在分词应该是“令人激动的”、“令人高兴的”,过去分词则是“感到激动的”和“感到高兴的”。所以,凡表示“令人……的”都是-ing形式,凡是表示“感到……”都用-ed形式。换句话说,若人对……感兴趣,就是somebody
is
interested
in.,若人/物本身有兴趣时,就是说sb./sth.
is
interesting.
这类词常见的有:
interesting使人感到高兴--interested感到高兴的
exciting令人激动的--excited感到激动的
delighting令人高兴的--delighted感到高兴的
disappointing令人失望的--disappointed感到失望的
encouraging令人鼓舞的--encouraged感到鼓舞的
pleasing令人愉快的--pleased感到愉快的
puzzling令人费解的--puzzled感到费解的
satisfying令人满意的---satisfied感到满意的
surprising令人惊异的--surprised感到惊异的
worrying令人担心的--worried感到担心的
Travelling
is
interesting
but
tiring.旅行是有趣的,但是使人疲劳。
The
pupils
will
get
confused
if
they
are
made
to
learn
too
much.如果要学生学得太多,他们会感到糊涂的。
The
argument
is
very
convincing.他的论点很令人信服。
They
were
very
excited
at
the
news.听到这个消息,他们非常激动。
3.不定式和动名词作宾语的区别
英语中大多数动词既可跟不定式,也可跟动名词作直接宾语,但有些动词要求:
(1)不定式做宾语和宾语补足语
1)下面的动词要求不定式做宾语
attempt企图
enable能够
neglect忽视
afford负担得起
demand要求
long渴望
arrange安排
destine注定
mean意欲,打算
begin开始
expect期望
omit忽略,漏
appear似乎,显得
determine决定
manage设法
cease停止
hate憎恨,厌恶
pretend假装
ask问
dread害怕
need需要
agree同意
desire愿望
love爱
swear宣誓
volunteer志愿
wish希望
bear承受
endeavor努力
offer提供
beg请求
fail不能
plan计划
bother扰乱;烦恼
forget忘记
prefer喜欢,宁愿
care关心,喜欢
happen碰巧
prepare准备
decide决定
learn学习
regret抱歉,遗憾
choose选择
hesitate犹豫
profess表明
claim要求
hope希望
promise承诺,允许
start开始
undertake承接
want想要
consent同意,赞同
intend想要
refuse拒绝
decide决定
learn学习
vow起
contrive设法,图谋
incline有…倾向
propose提议
seek找,寻觅
try试图
2)下面的动词要求不定式做宾补:动词+宾语+动词不定式
ask要求,邀请
get请,得到
prompt促使
allow允许
forbid禁止
prefer喜欢,宁愿
announce宣布
force强迫
press迫使
bride
收买
inspire鼓舞
request请求
assist协助
hate憎恶
pronounce断定,表示
advise劝告
exhort告诫,勉励
pray请求
authorize授权,委托
help帮助
recommend劝告,推荐
bear容忍
implore恳求
remind提醒
beg请求
induce引诱
report报告
compel强迫
invite吸引,邀请,
summon传唤
command命令
intend想要,企图
show
显示
drive驱赶
mean意欲,打算
train训练
cause引起
instruct指示
require要求
deserve应受
leave使,让
tell告诉
direct指导
like喜欢
tempt劝诱
entitle有资格
order命令
warn告诫
enable使能够
need需要
urge激励,力说
encourage鼓励
oblige不得不
want想要
condemn指责,谴责
lead引起,使得
teach教
entreat恳求
permit允许
wish希望
(2)有少数动词只能用动名词作宾语
acknowledge承认,自认
cease
停止
mention说到,讲到
admit
承认
tolerate忍受
dislike不喜欢,讨厌
advocate:提倡,主张
complete完成
dread可怕
appreciate
感激,欣赏
confess坦白
endure忍受
avoid避免
contemplate细想
enjoy享有,喜爱
bear忍受
defer拖延
envy嫉妒
can
t
help不禁
delay延迟
escape逃跑,逃避
can
t
stand受不了
deny否认
excuse借口
consider
考虑
detest嫌恶
fancy幻想,爱好
favor
造成,偏爱
mind
介意
repent悔悟
figure描绘,计算
miss错过
resent怨恨
finish完成,结束不得
pardon原谅,饶恕
resist抵抗,阻止
forgive原谅
permit
允许
resume恢复
imagine设想
postpone延迟,延期
risk冒险
involve卷入,包含
practise
实行,实践
suggest建议
hate讨厌
prevent阻止
save营救,储蓄
keep保持
quit放弃停止
stand坚持,忍受
loathe非常讨厌,厌恶
recall回想
例如:I
appreciate
having
been
given
the
opportunity
to
study
abroad
two
years
ago.我很感激两年前给我出国学习的机会。
(3)有些动词后使用动名词和动词不定式作宾语的差别
1)forget
to
do
忘记要去做某事(此事未做)
forget
doing忘记做过某事(此事已做过或已发生)
2)stop
to
do
停止、中断(某件事),目的是去做另一件事
stop
doing
停止正在或经常做的事
3)remember
to
do
记住去做某事(未做)
remember
doing记得做过某事(已做)
4)
regret
to
do对要做的事遗憾
regret
doing对做过的事遗憾、后悔
5)try
to
do努力、企图做某事
try
doing试验、试一试某种办法
6)
mean
to
do打算,有意要…
mean
doing意味着
7)go
on
to
do
继而(去做另外一件事情)
go
on
doing
继续(原先没有做完的事情)
8)propose
to
do
打算(要做某事)
proposing
doing建议(做某事)
9)
like
/love/hate/
prefer
+to
do
表示具体行为;+doing
sth
表示抽象、倾向概念
(注)如果这些动词前有should一词,其后宾语只跟不定式,不能跟动名词。例如:
I
should
like
to
see
him
tomorrow.
10)
need,want,deserve
+动名词表被动意义;+不定式被动态表示“要(修、清理等)”意思。
Don
t
you
remember
seeing
the
man
before?你不记得以前见过那个人吗?
You
must
remember
to
leave
tomorrow.你可要记着是明天动身。
I
don
t
regret
telling
her
what
I
thought.我不后悔给她讲过我的想法。(已讲过)
I
regret
to
have
to
do
this,
but
I
have
no
choice.我很遗憾必须这样去做,我实在没办法。(未做但要做)
You
must
try
to
be
more
careful.你可要多加小心。
Let
s
try
doing
the
work
some
other
way.让我们试一试用另外一种办法来做这工作。
I
didn
t
mean
to
hurt
your
feeling.我没想要伤害你的感情。
This
illness
will
mean
(your)
going
to
hospital.得了这种病(你)就要进医院。
4.不定式、现在分词和过去分词作定语的区别
(1)不定式作定语
1)不定式与其所修饰的名词可能是主谓关系
He
was
the
last
one
to
leave
school
yesterday.昨天他是最后一个离开教室的。
The
train
to
arrive
was
from
London.将要到站的火车是从伦敦开来的。
2)不定式与其所修饰的名词可能是动宾关系
Get
him
something
to
eat.给他拿点儿东西吃。
She
has
a
lot
of
work
to
do
in
the
morning.早上他有很多工作要做。
3)不及物动词构成的不定式做定语,要加上适当的介词和被修饰的名词形成逻辑上的动宾关系,这里的介词不能省去。
I
need
a
pen
to
write
with.我需要一支笔写字。
There
is
nothing
to
worry
about.没有什么值得发愁的。
4)不定式修饰一些表示方向、原因、时间、机会、权利等抽象名词如:
ability能力,本领
drive赶,驾驶
movement运动,活动
ambition抱负,野心
effort努力,尝试
need需要,需求
campaign战役,运动
failure失败,不及格
opportunity机会
chance机会
force力,压力,要点
promise许诺,希望
courage勇气
intention意向,意图
reason理由,原因
decision决定
method方法,方式
light光,光线,亮光
determination决心,决定
motive动机,目的
struggle奋斗,努力,
tendency倾向,趋势
wish希望,愿望,祝愿
5)被修饰的名词前有序数词、形容词最高级或next,
second,last,only和not
a,the等限定词时候,只能用不定式。
6)不定代词something,nothing,little,much,a
lot
等习惯上用不定式做定语。
John
will
do
anything
but
work
on
a
farm.除了农活,约翰什么都愿意干。
7)如果其动词要求用不定式做宾语,或者其形容词要器接不定式做补语,则相应的名词一般用不定式做定语。如:
tend
to
do---tendency
to
do;decide
to
do
=
decision
to
do;be
curious
to
do
=
curiosity
to
do
His
wish
to
buy
a
car
came
true.他要买辆车的愿望实现了。
Their
decision
to
give
up
the
experiment
surprised
us.
他们放弃这个实验的决定使我们大吃一惊。
He
is
always
the
first
to
come
and
the
last
to
leave.
他总是第一个到来,最后一个离去。
(2)分词作定语
分词作定语时有下面几个特点:
1)现在分词表示主动意义,过去分词一般表示被动含意。
2)现在分词表示正在进行,过去分词表示状态或做完(完成)的事。
He
rushed
into
the
burning
house.他冲进了正在燃烧着的房子。
The
child
standing
over
there
is
my
brother.站在那儿的男孩子是我弟弟。
The
room
facing
south
is
our
classroom.朝南的房间是我们的教室。
Have
you
got
your
watch
repaired?
你拿到那个修好的表了吗?
He
is
an
advanced
teacher.他是个先进教师。
3)下列不及物动词也以过去分词形式做定语或表语,但不具有被动意义,这点要注意:
departed,elapsed,faded,fallen,gone,frown-up,retired,returned,risen,set,vanished,much-traveled,newly-arrived,recently-come
(3)不定式和分词作定语时的时间关系
一般来说,不定式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之后;现在分词所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生;过去分词表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。例如:
Do
you
want
to
see
the
doctor
to
be
sent
for
from
Beijing?
你要见那位将从北京请来的医生吗?
Do
you
want
to
see
the
doctor
working
on
the
case
report
in
the
office?
你要见那位正在办公室里写病历的医生吗?
5.不定式和分词作状语的区别
(1)现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别。
现在分词做状语与过去分词做状语的最主要区别在于两者与所修饰的主语的主动与被动关系的区别。
1)现在分词作状语时,现在分词的动作就是句子主语的动作,它们之间的关系是主动关系。
He
went
out
shutting
the
door
behind
him.
他出去后将门随手关上。
Not
knowing
what
to
do,he
went
to
his
parents
for
help.
由于不知如何办是好,他去找父母帮忙。
2)过去分词作状语时,过去分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作,它们之间的关系是被动关系。
Given
more
attention,the
trees
could
have
grown
better.
如果对这些树多关心一些,它们本来会长得更好。
Faced
with
difficulties,we
must
try
to
overcome
them.
在遇到困难的时候,我们必须设法克服。
(2)动词不定式和分词作状语的区别
1)分词作状语一般表示伴随,而不定式常常表示目的。
They
stood
by
the
roadside
talking
about
the
plan.他们站在路边谈论着这个计划。(伴随)
They
stood
by
the
roadside
to
talk
about
the
plan.他们站在路边为的是谈论这个计划。(目的)
2)分词作状语放在句子开头,除表示原因之外有时表示时间或条件。动词不定式作状语时,除了表示目的以外,还表示结果或原因。
Reading
attentively,he
forgot
the
time
for
lunch.由于在专心读书,他忘了吃午饭的时间。(原因)
Reading
carefully,he
found
something
he
had
not
known
before.他仔细读书时,发现了一些从前不知道的东西。(时间)
Reading
carefully,you
ll
learn
something
new.只要你仔细阅读,你会学到一些新的东西。(条件)
His
family
was
too
poor
to
support
him.他的家庭太穷,不能维持他的生活。(结果)
The
boy
is
not
tall
enough
to
reach
the
book
shelf.这男孩个子不够高,手伸不到书架。(结果)
We
are
glad
to
hear
the
news.我们很高兴听到这消息。(原因)
(3)下面一些句型是不定式做状语时候应该注意的:
a:not/never
too…to,too…not
to,but/only
too…
to,too
ready/eager/apt/inclined
to
表示肯定意义
b:做结果状语的不定式只能出现在句子的末尾,常见的不定式动词有:find,hear,see,be
told,form,give,make,produce
等。
c:不定式做状语时,其逻辑主语一般为句子的主语,否则用for引导主语。
6.非谓语动词常考的其它结构
(1)疑问词+不定式结构
疑问词who,what,which,when,where和how后加不定式可构成一种特殊的不定式短语。它在句中可以用作主语、宾语、表语和双重宾语。如:
When
to
start
has
not
been
decided.何时动身尚未决定。(主语)
I
don
t
know
what
to
do.我不知道该怎么办。(宾语)
The
difficulty
was
how
to
cross
the
river.困难在于如何过河。(表语)
I
can
tell
you
where
to
get
this
book.我可以告诉你哪里可以买到此书。(双重宾语)
注)A.有时疑问词前可用介词,如:
I
have
no
idea
of
how
to
do
it.我不知道如何做此事。
B.动词know
后面不能直接跟不定式作宾语,只能跟疑问词(如:how,what)+不定式:
While
still
a
young
boy,Tom
knew
to
play
the
piano
well
and
as
he
grew
older,he
wrote
operas,the
most
famous
of
which
is
Carmen.
(2)介词except和but作“只有…,只能…”讲时跟不定式结构(but与不带to的不定式连用)。
When
the
streets
are
full
of
melting
snow,you
cannot
help
but
getting
your
shoes
wet.
(3)不带to的不定式
1)在表示生理感觉的动词后的不定式不带to。这类词有:
feel
觉得
observe
注意到,看到
overhear听到
watch注视
listen
to听
perceive察觉,感知
notice注意
see看见
look
at看
hear听
On
seeing
the
young
child
fell
into
the
lake,Eric
sprang
to
his
feet,and
went
on
the
rescue.
2)另一类是某些使役动词,如make,let,have等。如:
Let
him
do
it.让他做吧。
I
would
have
you
know
that
I
am
ill.我想要你知道我病了。
(注):
①上述感觉动词与使役动词转换为被动结构时.其后的不定式一般需带to,如:
He
was
seen
to
come.
The
boy
was
made
to
go
to
bed
early.
②在动词find与help之后,不定式可带to亦可不带to,如:
He
was
surprised
to
find
the
sheep
(to)
break
fence
at
this
season.他发现羊在此季节越出栅栏,感到惊讶。
3)在do
nothing/anything/everything
but(except)结构中。例如:
Last
night
I
did
nothing
but
watch
TV.昨天晚上,我除了看电视别的什么也没有干。
但是,如果谓语动词不是“do
nothing,anything,everything”,那么but(except)所跟的不定式则仍须带。
The
doctor
told
him
nothing
but
to
stop
smoking.医生除了让他戒烟,其它什么都没有说。
There
was
nothing
for
them
to
do
but
to
remain
silent.除了保持沉默以外,他们没有别有别的办法。
(4)不定式与动名词的逻辑主语和分词独立结构
1)不定式的逻辑主语为:for
+名词(或代词宾格)+
不定式。例如:
I
found
it
impossible
for
him
to
do
the
job
alone.我发现他—个人干这活是不可能的。
(注)在表示人物性格、特性等的形容词后面,常用of引出不定式的逻辑主语。例如:
It
was
wise
of
him
to
do
that.他那样做是明智的。
2)动名词的逻辑主语为;①人称代词的所有格+动名词;②名词
s+动名词。例如:
Tom
insisted
on
my
going
with
them.他坚持要我和他们一起去。
He
dislikes
his
wife
s
working
late.他不喜欢他妻子工作得很晚。
3)某些形容词,如:careless等不定式后可以加of来引导出其逻辑主语。这类词主要有:absurd,bold,brave,courageous,careful,careless,clever,wise,foolish,silly,stupid,good,nice,kind
thoughtful,considerate,greedy,generous,honest,modest,polite,rude,cruel,selfish,wicked,wrong等
It
is
very
kind
of
you
to
help
me.你帮助我太好了。
间或也可用for
+
there
to
be表示(而且there后面的不定式只能是to
be)。
It
s
a
great
pity
for
there
to
be
much
trouble
in
the
company.太遗憾了公司里有这么多的麻烦。
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篇3:非谓语动词简单介绍
非谓语动词简单介绍 本文关键词:动词,简单,介绍,非谓语
非谓语动词简单介绍 本文简介:非谓语动词概念:在句中不充当谓语角色的动词形式,它的划分有两种标准(一):不定式;分词(过去分词与现在分词);动名词(二):不定式;v-ing.形式;过去分词.一、考点聚焦1、非谓语动词的句法功能名称形式语法功能主语宾语宾语补足语表语定语状语不定式todo/tobedone√√√√√√tobedoi
非谓语动词简单介绍 本文内容:
非谓语动词
概念:在句中不充当谓语角色的动词形式,它的划分有两种标准(一):不定式;分词(过去分词与现在分词);动名词(二):不定式;v-ing.形式;过去分词.
一、考点聚焦
1、非谓语动词的句法功能
名称
形式
语
法
功
能
主语
宾语
宾语补足语
表语
定语
状语
不定式
to
do/to
be
done
√
√
√
√
√
√
to
be
doing
√(经常)
√
to
have(been)
done
√
√
动名词
doing
√
√
√
√
现在分词
doing
√
√
√
√
having(been)
done
√(动作完成)
过去分词
done
√
√
√
√可代替
having
been
done
2、动词不定式复习中应注意的几个问题
(2)带不定式作宾语的词语,构成v.+
to
do
形式。
下列词语常不定式作宾语:afford、promise、refuse、expect、hope、learn、offer、wish、want、fail、plan、agree、forget、like、prefer、decide、manage、try、arrange、determine、desire等。
下列动词后可接疑问词+不定式,构成decide
what
to
do,wonder
how
to
deal
with
sth.等形式:teach、decide、wonder、show、learn、forget、ask、find、out、advise、discuss等。
(3)如何理解和使用不定式作宾补。
①
动词see、watch、notice、hear、listen
to、observe、feel、taste、smell、make、let、have等的宾补用动词原形,变被动时要加to,此时的不定式就是主语补足语。
②常用带to不定式作宾补的情况:
主语
+
ask
/
require
/
tell
/
order
/
force
/
get
/
want
/
like/advise/allow/cause/consider/
encourage/forbid/force/intend/order/permit/persuade/remind/request/require/urge/warn/ask/wish+sb.
to
do.
sth.
③主语
+
think
/
judge
/
suppose
/
believe
/
consider
/imagine/consider
+
sb.
+
to
be/to
be
doing/
to
have
done
注意:不定式的一般式、进行式以及完成式做宾语补足语的区别,同时要
注意不定式被动语态的使用。
④主语
+
call
on
/
upon
/
depend
on
/
wait
for
/
ask
for
+
sb.+
to
do
sth.
(5)不定式作状语的用法。
不定式作状语,修饰动词,在句中表示目的、结果、原因。only
to
do表示出人意料的结果。
To
sleep
well,I
turned
off
the
alarm
clock.
We
hurried
to
the
classroom
only
to
find
none
there.
in
order(not)to,s
o
as(not)to用来引导目的状语,enough
to,so…
as
to
do,such
+
名词…
as
to
do作结果状语,如:The
girl
was
so
kind
as
to
help
the
old
man
off
the
bus.
I’m
not
such
a
fool
as
to
believe
that.
(6)不定式的完成时的特殊用法。
①表示不定式中谓语动词发生的动作先于主句的谓语动词发出的动作。
The
novel
was
said
to
have
been
published.
I
regret
to
have
been
with
you
for
so
many
years.
seem、appear、be
said、be
supposed、be
believed、be
thought、be
known、be
reported等动词常用于上面句型。
②不定式的完成时还可表示“过去本想做某事但未做”的虚拟语气。
(A)should
like
to
/
would
like
to
/
would
love
to
+
不定式的完成时。
(B)was
/
were
to
+
不定式的完成时,表示该做某事或想做但未实现。
(C)expect
/
hope
/
mean
/
promise
/
suppose
/
think
/
want/
wish
+
不定式完成时,表示过去未曾实现的愿望。
注意:表示“过去本想做某事但未做”的虚拟语气还可以用:
(7)不定式的省略。
①同一结构并列由and或or连接。
I
want
to
finish
my
homework
and
(to
)go
home.
I’m
really
puzzled
what
to
think
or
(to)say.
特例:To
be
or
not
to
be,this
is
a
question.
He
is
better
to
laugh
than
to
cry.(表示对比)
②不定式作表语,其前面的主语从句中含有do时,后面的to省略。
What
he
did
was(to)
lose
the
game.
③句中含有动词do时,but、except、besides、such
as等后面to可省略。即“前有do,后省to”。
Don’t
do
anything
silly,such
as
marry
him.
比较:have
nothing
to
do
but
do
/have
nothing
but
to
do
have
no
choice
but
to
do
/can’t
(help)
but
do
④主句含有不定式,后面有rather
than,rather
than后省to。
Rather
than
______
on
a
crowded
bus,he
always
prefers
a
bicycle.
A.
ride;
rideB.
riding;
ride
C.
ride;
to
ride
D.
to
ride;
riding
⑤Why
not、had
better、would
rather、can’t
but等词后省to。如:
He
could
not
but
walk
home.
(8)不定式的替代。
多用在同一句或联系紧密的对话中,为了避免重复,作宾语或主补,宾补的不定式再次出现时,to后的内容常承前省略(只保留to即可)。但如果承前省略的不定式有助动用的have或be任何形式,后应该保留原形be或have。如:
The
boy
wanted
to
ride
his
bicycle
in
the
street,but
his
mother
told
him
.
A.
not
to
B.
not
to
do
C.
not
do
it
D.
do
not
to
Susan
is
not
what
she
used
to
be.
—You
came
late
last
night.
You
ought
to
have
finished
your
homework.
—I
know
I
ought
to
have.
常见的有:I’d
like
/
love
/
be
happy
to.
3、动名词复习中应注意的几个问题
(1)动名词作宾语。
①下列动词后只能接动名词:suggest,finish,avoid,stop,can’t
help,mind,enjoy,require,practise,miss,escape,pardon,advise,consider,imagine,keep,appreciate,escape,permit。
②下列动词短语接动名词:leave
off,put
off,give
up,look
forward
to,feel
like,have
trouble
/
difficulty(in)
doing
sth.
devote
to,get
used
to,pay
attention
to,be
fond
of,be
worth。
③介词后要接动名词。what
about、how
about、without、be
fond
of、be
good
at等介词后接动名词。注意on
/
upon
doing
sth.
=
as
soon
as
引导的从中。作此意讲时on
/
upon后也可以接名词。如on
his
arrival…。
④动名词作宾语和动词不定式作宾语的区别:
begin,start,continue,like,love,dislike,hate,prefer,can’t
stand
例
句
解
析
1.
It
began
to
rain.
It
began
raining.
2.
It
was
beginning
to
snow.
3.
I
love
lying
(to
lie)on
my
back.
4.
I
like
listening
to
music,but
today
I
don’t
like
to.
5.
I
don’
t
prefer
to
swim
in
the
river
now.
1.
意思无差别,但谓语动词用进行时,后面只跟不定式。
2.
表示一种倾向多接动名词作宾语,如果表示某一特定的或具体的行动,多接不定式。
remember,forget,regret,try
例
句
解
析
1.
I
remember
to
meet
her
at
the
station.
I
remember
seeing
her
once
somewhere.
2.
I
forgot
giving
it
to
you
yesterday.
I
forgot
to
tell
you
about
it.
Now
here
it
is.
3.
I
regret
not
having
working
hard.
I
regret
to
hear
of
your
sister’s
death.
4.
Try
knocking
at
the
back
door.
We
must
try
to
get
everything
ready.
5.
That
will
mean
flooding
some
land.
I
had
meant
to
go
on
Monday.
1.
remember
to
do
sth.记住要做的事
remember
doing
sth.回顾过去发生的事
2.
forget
to
do
sth.忘记要做的事
forget
doing
sth.忘记做过的事
3.
regret
to
do
sth.对将要做的事抱歉
regret
doing
sth.对发生过的事后悔
4.
try
to
do
sth.设法……,试图
try
doing
sth.试试看,试一试
5.
mean
to
do
sth.打算做……,想要
mean
doing
sth.意味着,就是
want,require,need,demand,request
例
句
解
析
These
desks
need
repairing.
These
desks
need
to
be
repaired.
The
patient
required
examined
The
patient
required
to
be
examined.
1.
need
doing
需要被做
need
to
be
done需要被做
2.
want
doing
want
to
be
done
3.
require
doing
require
to
be
done
(6)分词作宾补与不定式作宾补的区别:
感官动词
动词原形→做了某事
S.+
+
宾语
+
现在分词→正在做某事
使役动词
过去分词→做了或被做
比较:
see
sb.(sth).
do/doing/done/prep.短语
watch
sb.(sth).
do/doing/done/prep.短语,find
sb.(sth).
do/doing/done/prep.
get
sb.(sth.)to
do/done/doing,hear
sb.(sth.)to
do/done/doing
feel
sb.(sth.)to
do/done/doing
make
sb
do
/make
sth
done,force
sb.
to
do/cause
sb.
to
do等