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对初中英语非谓语动词的全面总结

日期:2020-05-18  类别:最新范文  编辑:一流范文网  【下载本文Word版

对初中英语非谓语动词的全面总结 本文关键词:动词,初中英语,非谓语

对初中英语非谓语动词的全面总结 本文简介:对非谓语动词的全面总结(一)动词不定式在句中做前一个动词的宾语。记住下列形式:(仅限于初中范畴)1.wanttodosth想要做2.wouldliketodosth想要做3.hopetodosth希望做4.wishtodosth希望做5.decidetodosth决定做6.plantodosth计划

对初中英语非谓语动词的全面总结 本文内容:

对非谓语动词的全面总结

(一)动词不定式在句中做前一个动词的宾语。

记住下列形式:(仅限于初中范畴)

1.want

to

do

sth想要做

2.would

like

to

do

sth想要做

3.hope

to

do

sth希望做

4.wish

to

do

sth希望做

5.decide

to

do

sth决定做

6.plan

to

do

sth计划做

7.fail

to

do

sth做某事失败

8.agree

to

do

sth同意做

9.learn

to

do

sth学会做

10happen

to

do

sth偶然发生

11.need

to

do

sth需要做

12.be

sure

to

do

sth确定做

13.seem

to

do

sth似乎要发生

14.try/do

one’s

best

to

do

sth尽力做

15

.can’twait

to

do

sth迫不及待做

(二)动词不定式在句中作宾语补足语。

1.want

sb

to

do

sth想让某人做

2.would

like

sb

to

do

sth想让某人做

3.wish

sb

to

do

sth希望某人做(不能用hope)

4.agree

sb

to

do

sth同意某人做

5.ask

sb(

not

)to

do

sth让某人(不)做

6.tell

sb

to

do

sth告诉某人做

7.allow

sb

to

do

sth允许某人做

8.advise

sb

to

do

sth建议某人做

9.encourage

sb

to

do

sth鼓励某人做

12.invite

sb

to

do

sth邀请某人做

13.teach

sb

to

do

sth教会某人做

(三)接省to不定式做宾语补足语的动词有:(使役动词)

1.make

sb

do

sth使某人做

2.let

sb.do

sth让某人做

3.have

sb

do

sth使某人做

4.help

sb

do

/to

do

sth帮助某人做

(四)、动词不定式在句中作主语

动词不定式作主语时,往往用it作形式主语,而真正的主语移到句末。

1.It’s+adj+for(of)

+sb

+to

do

sth

对某人来说做某事怎么样

l

Adj修饰文中的事情既to

do

sth时,人前的介词用for

l

但是如果Adj修饰文中的人既sb时,人前面的介词用of

如:①It’s

hard

for

me

to

learn

english

well.

hard

是修饰动词不定式to

learn

english

well,意为学好英语难,所以用的介词是for

sb

②It’s

kind

of

you

to

help

me

kind“善良的”修饰you(人)

意为你善良,所以介词用of

sb

2.It

take适当形式

sb

some

time

to

do

sth

英语句子结构为花费

某人

时间

做某事

译为:做某事花了某人多少时间。

3.It’s

time

to

do

sth该做某事

(六)动词不定式在句中作定语时一般都要放在所修饰名词或代词的后面。

1、a

chance

to

do

sth

做某事的一个机会

2、the

way

to

do

sth

做某事的办法

3、the

best

time

to

do

sth

做某事的最佳时间

4、something

to

eat

一些吃的东西

5、something

to

drink

一些喝的东西

6、a

lot

of

work

to

do

许多要做的工作

(七)疑问词+动词不定式,常用到的疑问词短语举例有:What

to

do

做什么,when

to

go

什么时候走,where

to

go

去哪里,how

to

do

it

如何来做此事,

1、作主语

Where

to

go

is

a

problem.去哪里还是个问题。

2、作宾语

I

don’t

know

how

to

use

the

computer.我不知道如何使用电脑。

3、作表语

The

problem

is

what

to

do

next.问题是下一步干什么。

4、作宾语补足语

Can

you

tell

me

when

to

start

tomorrow?你能告诉我明天什么时候出发吗?

二、动词ing形式。动词ing

形式为动名词或现在分词时

1.enjoy

doing喜欢做

2.practice

doing练习做

3.finish

doing做完某事

4.mind

sb’s

doing介意某人做

7.keep

sb

doing让某人一直做

8.miss

doing错过做

10.spend…(in)doing

花费时间或金钱做某事

11.feel

like

doing想要做

12.give

up

doing放弃做

13.suggest

doing建议做…

14.advise

doing建议做

15.介词后如接动词一律为ing

形式,为介词宾语,简称介宾。

be/get

used

to

doing习惯于做

look

forword

to

doing

期盼做某事

feel

like

doing

sth.喜欢做某事;

be

good

at

doing

sth.;

thank

you

for

doing

sth.;

give

up

doing

sth.;

stop

sb.

from

doing

sth.;

do

well

in

doing

sth.;

be

afraid

of

doing

sth.;

be

interested

in

doing

sth.;

be

proud

of

doing

sth.;

(二)动名词在句中作宾语补足语

1、keep

sb

doing

sth

让某人一直做某事

2、hear/

see/

watch/

notice/

find

sb

doing

sth

按顺序的翻译为:听见、看见、注视、注意到、发现某人正在做某事(此处的ing形式为现在分词作宾补)

(五)由动词ing形式构成的句型。

1.be

busy

doing忙着做某事

2.be

worth

doing值得做

3.can’t

help

doing忍不住做

4

have

trouble

doing

sth伴随状语

6.有某人/某物正在做某事There

be

sb/sth

doing

sth

8.have

fun

doing做某事过得开心

10.what/how

about

doing

sth?做某事怎么样?

11.No+动名词表示禁令

No

smoking禁止吸烟

No

parking禁止停车

12.go+动名词去进行某种活动或运动go

shopping,去购物;go

skating,去滑冰;go

hiking去远足

13.do

some/the+动名词,指进行某种活动

do

some

cleaning,搞卫生;do

some

washing

洗衣服;

三、有些动词既可以接动词不定式也可以接动名词,但意义不同,学生应该注意区分使用。

1.stop

to

do停下来去做.(做什么事)

2.stop

doing停止做…(停止做)

3.forget

to

do忘记做…(还没做)4.

forget

doing忘记做过(做过了)

5.remember

to

do记住去做

6.

remember

doing记住做过了

7.try

to

do试图努力做

8.try

doing实验做

9.go

on

doing继续做同一件事

10.go

on

to

do继续做另一件事

11.like/hate

to

do喜欢/讨厌做

(表具体,一次性的动作)

12.like/hatedoing喜欢/讨厌做

(习惯经常性)

四.感官动词接非谓语动词形式

1.

see

sb

doing

看见某人正在做

see

sb

do看见某人经常做

2.

hear

sb

doing听见某人正在做

hear

sb

do经常听见某人做

3.

find

sb

doing发现某人正在做

find

sb

do发现某人做了/正在做

六、过去分词,动名词做定语的情况。

A

book

written

by

Lu

Xun

书和write的关系是

书被写,用过去分词修饰

a

boy

called/named

Jim

a

place

called

Liaoning

A

boy

standing

in

the

room

男孩和stand的关系是主动,用动名词修饰

句型

such+名词性词组+that…——如此……以致……

So+形容词/副词+that…——如此……以致……

例如:(1)She

is

such

a

good

teacher

that

we

all

love

her.她是一个好老师,我们都爱她。

(2)It

was

such

a

hot

day

that

they

didn’t

go

out

for

a

walk

as

usual.这么热的天气,他们没有像往常一样去散步。

注意点:1.such+a+形容词+名词+that…,可以改写成:so+形容词+a+名词+that…,例句(1)可以改写成:She

is

so

good

a

teacher

that

we

all

love

her.

2.在such+形容词+名词复数或不可数名词+that…结构中,形容词如果是many/few或much/little时,用so不用such,即:so+many/few+可数名词复数+that…,so+much/little+不可数名词+that…

句型(二)

There

be…,either…or…,neither…nor…,not

only…but

also…当这几个句型连接主语时,谓语动词的人称和数要考虑“就近原则”,对比both…and…

来记忆,both…and…连接主语时视为复数。

句型(三)

Enough+名词+to

do…——有足够的……做某事

形容词/副词+enough+to

do

…——足够……做某事

例如:(1)There

is

enough

room

to

hold

these

people

to

have

a

meeting.有足够的地方容下这些人开会。

(2)The

boy

is

strong

enough

to

carry

the

heavy

box.这个男孩力气够大,能搬动这只箱子。

注意点:

enough做副词修饰形容词或副词时,放在所修饰词的后面,句子可以用so…that…句型改写。例句(2)可以改写为:The

boy

is

so

strong

that

he

can

carry

the

heavy

box.这个男孩力气很大,能搬动这只箱子。

句型(四)

too+形容词/副词+to

do…——太……以致不能……

例如:(1)I

was

too

excited

to

say

a

word.我激动得一个字也说不出来。

(2)Tom

is

too

short

to

reach

the

apple.

Tom太矮了,拿不到那个苹果。

注意点:

这是一个否定句型,不能在不定式前加

not,可以用so…that…结构改写,例如例句(1)可以改写成:I

was

so

excited

that

I

couldn’t

say

a

word.

句型(七)(1)It’s

time

for

sth.是干某事的时间了

It’s

time

(for

sb)

to

do

sth.该干某事了。

句型(八)

花费的句型

(1)It

takes

sb.

Some

time

to

do

sth.干某事花某人一些时间

(2)sb.

spend

some

time

on

sth./(in)

doing

sth.某人花时间在某事上/花时间干某事

(3))sb.spend

some

money

on

sth./(in)

doing

sth.花钱在某物上/花钱干某事

(4)sth.

cost

sb.

Some

money——某事花某人一些钱

(5))sb.

pay

some

money

for

sth.为某事(物)付钱

注意点:cost主语一般为物;spend、pay主语一般为人。例(1)中it

用做形式主语,动词不定式为真正主语。

句型(九)

(1)Why

not

do…?为什么不干某事?

(2)Let’s

do

…让我们干某事吧。

(3)Shall

we

do

…?我们干某事好吗?

(4)Would

you

like

something/to

do

sth.…?你想要什么吗?你想要干…吗?

(5)Will

you

please

do

…?请你干某事好吗?

(6)What

(How)

about

doing…?干某事怎么样?

注意点:这些句型都是表示“建议”的句子,可视为同义句。

句型(十)(1)Let’s

go

out

for

a

walk,shall

we?让我们出去散步,好吗?

(2)Read

the

book

carefully,will

you?认真读书,好吗?

注意点:在这两个句型中,(2)所代表的祈使句,一般用will

you构成反意疑问句。在(1)中Let’s表示包括“我”在内,用shall

we,但若是let

us,表示不包括“我”在内,则用will

you。

例如:Let

us

go

out

for

a

walk,will

you?你让我们出去散散步,好吗?

There

is

no

time

(for

sb.

)

to

do

sth.

对(某人来说)没时间做某事了

There

is

no

need

(for

sb.)

to

do

sth.

对某人来说没必要做某事

情景交际

打电话(Making

phone

calls)

Hello,is

that.speaking?你是.吗?

/

Who

is

that

speaking/calling?你是谁?/

Who

is

speaking/calling,please?你是谁?

应答时常说:Yes,(this

is).speaking.是的,我是.。/

Yes,it

s.here.

我是.。

4、打电话请对方找人

Is.in/at

home?

某某在家吗?/

Can/may/could

I

speak

to.,please?请.接电话好吗?

应答时常说:Hold

on/Wait

a

minute/One

moment,please.

请等一等。/

I

m

sorry.is

not

in./at

home

now.对不起,.现在不在。

、请求允许和应答(Asking

for

permission

and

responses)

1、Can

I/Could

I/May

I.?

我可不可以.?这个是请求对方允许自己做某事的最普通的交际用语,其中could

I.?语气最婉转;May

I.?

常用在比较正式的场合;Can

I.?

用得最广泛。

允许或同意时,可说:Yes./Sure./Certainly.当然可以。Of

course,you

may.当然可以。That

s

Ok./all

right.好的。:yes,you

may(can).是的。

不允许或不同意时,可说:I

m

sorry

you

can

t.对不起,你不可以.I

m

sorry,but.对不起,但是.。You

d

better

not.你最好别.。Sorry,I

m

afraid

not,对不起,恐怕不能。NO,you

may(can)

not

、谈论天气情况

What

s

the

weather

like

today

?

今天天气怎样?

应答时可说:It

s

fine

/warm

/cold

/hot

.

/

What

s

the

weather

going

to

be

like.the

day

after

tomorrow

?天气将怎样?It

s

going

to

be

fine

/warm/cold

/hot

.

“What

s

the

weather

like

.?“也可以用“How

is

the

weather.?“表达,其意思想同。

、问路及应答的交际用语

Excuse

me.

Can

you

tell

me

the

way

to

.?

劳驾,请告诉我去.(地方)怎么走?

/

Excuse

me.

How

can

I

get

to.?

劳驾,问怎样去.(地方)?

/

Excuse

me,please,where

is.?

劳驾,请问去.的路怎么去?

How

far

is

it

from

here?

它离这里多远?

/

It

s

about.meters

from

here.

它离这里大约.米远。

Go

down/along

this

street.

沿着这条街走下去。Go

down/along

this

street

till

you

get

to

.沿着这条街走到.(地方)为止。/

Turn

right/left

at

the

first/second

crossing.在第一/二个十字路口向右/左转。

赞美和恭维及应答别人赞美时的应答

thank

you.哦,谢谢!

I

m

glad

to

hear

that.听到这我真高兴。

/

Thanks

for

saying

so.谢谢你这样说。

How

s

everything

with

you?/

How

is

everything

going?

/近来怎么样?答语可用:“Pretty

well.“/

“Very

well.““Everything

is

OK.(一切顺利)“Not

too

bad.“还好”。

、看病时病交际用语

1、医生询问病情时的常用语

What

can

I

do

for

you“你看什么病?

/

What

s

wrong/the

matter/

the

trouble

with

you?

你有什么不舒服。/

Is

there

anything

wrong

with

you?

有什么看病吗?

4、医生看完病后对病人提出医嘱时的常用语

/

You

d

better

have

a

good

rest.

你最好好好休息休息。Take

this

medicine

three

times

a

day.

这药每天吃三次。/

Drink

plenty

of

water

and

have

a

good

rest.

多喝水,好好休息。/

/

You

ll

be

well/

all

right

soon.

不久你会好的。

二十九、

表示判断和意见

What

do

you

think

of?/

How

do

you

like?你认为怎么样?

4

篇2:总结归纳非谓语动词用法分析说明

总结归纳非谓语动词用法分析说明 本文关键词:动词,归纳,用法,分析,非谓语

总结归纳非谓语动词用法分析说明 本文简介:www.16fw.com大家网7/7总结归纳:非谓语动词用法分析说明非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和现在分词。为了区分这三种不同的非谓语动词的用法和含义,我们将分别从三种非谓语动词在句子中做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语以及一些特殊结构句型等角度来区分其用法和细微含义。1.不定式和动名

总结归纳非谓语动词用法分析说明 本文内容:

www.16fw.com大家网7

/

7

总结归纳:非谓语动词用法分析说明

非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和现在分词。为了区分这三种不同的非谓语动词的用法和含义,我们将分别从三种非谓语动词在句子中做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语以及一些特殊结构句型等角度来区分其用法和细微含义。

1.不定式和动名词作主语的区别

(1)动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作;而不定式作主语表示具体动作。

Smoking

is

prohibited(禁止)here.这里禁止抽烟。(抽象)

It

is

not

very

good

for

you

to

smoke

so

much.你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。(具体)

(2)动名词作主语时,通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。

不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。

Climbing

mountains

is

interesting.爬山很有趣。(经验)

Driving

a

car

during

the

rush

hour

is

tiring.在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。(经验)

(3)不定式做主语,一般用it当形式主语,把作主语的不定式短语后置。

It

took

me

only

five

minutes

to

finish

the

job.

2.不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别

(1)不定式作表语

1)不定式作表语一般表示具体动作,特别是表示将来的动作。

To

do

two

things

at

a

time

is

to

do

neither.--次做两件事等于未做。

What

I

would

suggest

is

to

start

work

at

once.我的建议是立刻开始干。

2)如果主语是不定式(表示条件),表语也是不定式(表示结果)。

To

see

is

to

believe.百闻不如一见。

To

work

means

to

earn

a

living.工作就是为了生活。

3)如果主语是以aim,

duty,

hope,

idea,

happiness,

job,

plan,

problem,

purpose,

thing,

wish等为中心的名词,或以what引导的名词性从句,不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明

作用。

His

wish

is

to

buy

a

luxurious

car

in

the

near

future.他的希望是在不远的将来买一辆豪华轿车。

The

function

of

Louis

Sullivan

s

architecture

was

to

provide

large

uninterrupted

floor

areas

and

to

allow

ample

light

into

the

interior.

The

most

important

thing

is

to

negotiate

with

them

about

the

future

of

the

plant.

(2)动名词作表语:动名词作表语,表示抽象的一般性的行为。

Our

work

is

serving

the

people.我们的工作是为人民服务。

His

hobby

is

collecting

stamps.他的爱好是集邮。

注:动名词作表语时与进行时态中的现在分词形式相同,但其所属结构迥异,进行时态说明动作是由主语完成的。动名词做表语,说明主语的性质或情况。

People

cannot

but

feel

puzzled,

for

they

simply

cannot

understand

how

he

could

have

made

such

a

stupid

mistake.

His

victory

in

the

final

was

no

more

convincing

than

I

had

expected.

(3)分词作表语

分词做表语有两种情况,一种是现在分词做表语,一种是过去分词做表语,这两者区别是考试中经常考到的地方。一般来说,表示心理状态的动词如excite,

interest等都是及物动词,汉语意思不是“激动”,“高兴”,而是“使激动”、“使高兴”,因而现在分词应该是“令人激动的”、“令人高兴的”,过去分词则是“感到激动的”和“感到高兴的”。所以,凡表示“令人……的”都是-ing形式,凡是表示“感到……”都用-ed形式。换句话说,若人对……感兴趣,就是somebody

is

interested

in.,若人/物本身有兴趣时,就是说sb./sth.

is

interesting.

这类词常见的有:

interesting使人感到高兴--interested感到高兴的

exciting令人激动的--excited感到激动的

delighting令人高兴的--delighted感到高兴的

disappointing令人失望的--disappointed感到失望的

encouraging令人鼓舞的--encouraged感到鼓舞的

pleasing令人愉快的--pleased感到愉快的

puzzling令人费解的--puzzled感到费解的

satisfying令人满意的---satisfied感到满意的

surprising令人惊异的--surprised感到惊异的

worrying令人担心的--worried感到担心的

Travelling

is

interesting

but

tiring.旅行是有趣的,但是使人疲劳。

The

pupils

will

get

confused

if

they

are

made

to

learn

too

much.如果要学生学得太多,他们会感到糊涂的。

The

argument

is

very

convincing.他的论点很令人信服。

They

were

very

excited

at

the

news.听到这个消息,他们非常激动。

3.不定式和动名词作宾语的区别

英语中大多数动词既可跟不定式,也可跟动名词作直接宾语,但有些动词要求:

(1)不定式做宾语和宾语补足语

1)下面的动词要求不定式做宾语

attempt企图

enable能够

neglect忽视

afford负担得起

demand要求

long渴望

arrange安排

destine注定

mean意欲,打算

begin开始

expect期望

omit忽略,漏

appear似乎,显得

determine决定

manage设法

cease停止

hate憎恨,厌恶

pretend假装

ask问

dread害怕

need需要

agree同意

desire愿望

love爱

swear宣誓

volunteer志愿

wish希望

bear承受

endeavor努力

offer提供

beg请求

fail不能

plan计划

bother扰乱;烦恼

forget忘记

prefer喜欢,宁愿

care关心,喜欢

happen碰巧

prepare准备

decide决定

learn学习

regret抱歉,遗憾

choose选择

hesitate犹豫

profess表明

claim要求

hope希望

promise承诺,允许

start开始

undertake承接

want想要

consent同意,赞同

intend想要

refuse拒绝

decide决定

learn学习

vow起

contrive设法,图谋

incline有…倾向

propose提议

seek找,寻觅

try试图

2)下面的动词要求不定式做宾补:动词+宾语+动词不定式

ask要求,邀请

get请,得到

prompt促使

allow允许

forbid禁止

prefer喜欢,宁愿

announce宣布

force强迫

press迫使

bride

收买

inspire鼓舞

request请求

assist协助

hate憎恶

pronounce断定,表示

advise劝告

exhort告诫,勉励

pray请求

authorize授权,委托

help帮助

recommend劝告,推荐

bear容忍

implore恳求

remind提醒

beg请求

induce引诱

report报告

compel强迫

invite吸引,邀请,

summon传唤

command命令

intend想要,企图

show

显示

drive驱赶

mean意欲,打算

train训练

cause引起

instruct指示

require要求

deserve应受

leave使,让

tell告诉

direct指导

like喜欢

tempt劝诱

entitle有资格

order命令

warn告诫

enable使能够

need需要

urge激励,力说

encourage鼓励

oblige不得不

want想要

condemn指责,谴责

lead引起,使得

teach教

entreat恳求

permit允许

wish希望

(2)有少数动词只能用动名词作宾语

acknowledge承认,自认

cease

停止

mention说到,讲到

admit

承认

tolerate忍受

dislike不喜欢,讨厌

advocate:提倡,主张

complete完成

dread可怕

appreciate

感激,欣赏

confess坦白

endure忍受

avoid避免

contemplate细想

enjoy享有,喜爱

bear忍受

defer拖延

envy嫉妒

can

t

help不禁

delay延迟

escape逃跑,逃避

can

t

stand受不了

deny否认

excuse借口

consider

考虑

detest嫌恶

fancy幻想,爱好

favor

造成,偏爱

mind

介意

repent悔悟

figure描绘,计算

miss错过

resent怨恨

finish完成,结束不得

pardon原谅,饶恕

resist抵抗,阻止

forgive原谅

permit

允许

resume恢复

imagine设想

postpone延迟,延期

risk冒险

involve卷入,包含

practise

实行,实践

suggest建议

hate讨厌

prevent阻止

save营救,储蓄

keep保持

quit放弃停止

stand坚持,忍受

loathe非常讨厌,厌恶

recall回想

例如:I

appreciate

having

been

given

the

opportunity

to

study

abroad

two

years

ago.我很感激两年前给我出国学习的机会。

(3)有些动词后使用动名词和动词不定式作宾语的差别

1)forget

to

do

忘记要去做某事(此事未做)

forget

doing忘记做过某事(此事已做过或已发生)

2)stop

to

do

停止、中断(某件事),目的是去做另一件事

stop

doing

停止正在或经常做的事

3)remember

to

do

记住去做某事(未做)

remember

doing记得做过某事(已做)

4)

regret

to

do对要做的事遗憾

regret

doing对做过的事遗憾、后悔

5)try

to

do努力、企图做某事

try

doing试验、试一试某种办法

6)

mean

to

do打算,有意要…

mean

doing意味着

7)go

on

to

do

继而(去做另外一件事情)

go

on

doing

继续(原先没有做完的事情)

8)propose

to

do

打算(要做某事)

proposing

doing建议(做某事)

9)

like

/love/hate/

prefer

+to

do

表示具体行为;+doing

sth

表示抽象、倾向概念

(注)如果这些动词前有should一词,其后宾语只跟不定式,不能跟动名词。例如:

I

should

like

to

see

him

tomorrow.

10)

need,want,deserve

+动名词表被动意义;+不定式被动态表示“要(修、清理等)”意思。

Don

t

you

remember

seeing

the

man

before?你不记得以前见过那个人吗?

You

must

remember

to

leave

tomorrow.你可要记着是明天动身。

I

don

t

regret

telling

her

what

I

thought.我不后悔给她讲过我的想法。(已讲过)

I

regret

to

have

to

do

this,

but

I

have

no

choice.我很遗憾必须这样去做,我实在没办法。(未做但要做)

You

must

try

to

be

more

careful.你可要多加小心。

Let

s

try

doing

the

work

some

other

way.让我们试一试用另外一种办法来做这工作。

I

didn

t

mean

to

hurt

your

feeling.我没想要伤害你的感情。

This

illness

will

mean

(your)

going

to

hospital.得了这种病(你)就要进医院。

4.不定式、现在分词和过去分词作定语的区别

(1)不定式作定语

1)不定式与其所修饰的名词可能是主谓关系

He

was

the

last

one

to

leave

school

yesterday.昨天他是最后一个离开教室的。

The

train

to

arrive

was

from

London.将要到站的火车是从伦敦开来的。

2)不定式与其所修饰的名词可能是动宾关系

Get

him

something

to

eat.给他拿点儿东西吃。

She

has

a

lot

of

work

to

do

in

the

morning.早上他有很多工作要做。

3)不及物动词构成的不定式做定语,要加上适当的介词和被修饰的名词形成逻辑上的动宾关系,这里的介词不能省去。

I

need

a

pen

to

write

with.我需要一支笔写字。

There

is

nothing

to

worry

about.没有什么值得发愁的。

4)不定式修饰一些表示方向、原因、时间、机会、权利等抽象名词如:

ability能力,本领

drive赶,驾驶

movement运动,活动

ambition抱负,野心

effort努力,尝试

need需要,需求

campaign战役,运动

failure失败,不及格

opportunity机会

chance机会

force力,压力,要点

promise许诺,希望

courage勇气

intention意向,意图

reason理由,原因

decision决定

method方法,方式

light光,光线,亮光

determination决心,决定

motive动机,目的

struggle奋斗,努力,

tendency倾向,趋势

wish希望,愿望,祝愿

5)被修饰的名词前有序数词、形容词最高级或next,

second,last,only和not

a,the等限定词时候,只能用不定式。

6)不定代词something,nothing,little,much,a

lot

等习惯上用不定式做定语。

John

will

do

anything

but

work

on

a

farm.除了农活,约翰什么都愿意干。

7)如果其动词要求用不定式做宾语,或者其形容词要器接不定式做补语,则相应的名词一般用不定式做定语。如:

tend

to

do---tendency

to

do;decide

to

do

=

decision

to

do;be

curious

to

do

=

curiosity

to

do

His

wish

to

buy

a

car

came

true.他要买辆车的愿望实现了。

Their

decision

to

give

up

the

experiment

surprised

us.

他们放弃这个实验的决定使我们大吃一惊。

He

is

always

the

first

to

come

and

the

last

to

leave.

他总是第一个到来,最后一个离去。

(2)分词作定语

分词作定语时有下面几个特点:

1)现在分词表示主动意义,过去分词一般表示被动含意。

2)现在分词表示正在进行,过去分词表示状态或做完(完成)的事。

He

rushed

into

the

burning

house.他冲进了正在燃烧着的房子。

The

child

standing

over

there

is

my

brother.站在那儿的男孩子是我弟弟。

The

room

facing

south

is

our

classroom.朝南的房间是我们的教室。

Have

you

got

your

watch

repaired?

你拿到那个修好的表了吗?

He

is

an

advanced

teacher.他是个先进教师。

3)下列不及物动词也以过去分词形式做定语或表语,但不具有被动意义,这点要注意:

departed,elapsed,faded,fallen,gone,frown-up,retired,returned,risen,set,vanished,much-traveled,newly-arrived,recently-come

(3)不定式和分词作定语时的时间关系

一般来说,不定式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之后;现在分词所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生;过去分词表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。例如:

Do

you

want

to

see

the

doctor

to

be

sent

for

from

Beijing?

你要见那位将从北京请来的医生吗?

Do

you

want

to

see

the

doctor

working

on

the

case

report

in

the

office?

你要见那位正在办公室里写病历的医生吗?

5.不定式和分词作状语的区别

(1)现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别。

现在分词做状语与过去分词做状语的最主要区别在于两者与所修饰的主语的主动与被动关系的区别。

1)现在分词作状语时,现在分词的动作就是句子主语的动作,它们之间的关系是主动关系。

He

went

out

shutting

the

door

behind

him.

他出去后将门随手关上。

Not

knowing

what

to

do,he

went

to

his

parents

for

help.

由于不知如何办是好,他去找父母帮忙。

2)过去分词作状语时,过去分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作,它们之间的关系是被动关系。

Given

more

attention,the

trees

could

have

grown

better.

如果对这些树多关心一些,它们本来会长得更好。

Faced

with

difficulties,we

must

try

to

overcome

them.

在遇到困难的时候,我们必须设法克服。

(2)动词不定式和分词作状语的区别

1)分词作状语一般表示伴随,而不定式常常表示目的。

They

stood

by

the

roadside

talking

about

the

plan.他们站在路边谈论着这个计划。(伴随)

They

stood

by

the

roadside

to

talk

about

the

plan.他们站在路边为的是谈论这个计划。(目的)

2)分词作状语放在句子开头,除表示原因之外有时表示时间或条件。动词不定式作状语时,除了表示目的以外,还表示结果或原因。

Reading

attentively,he

forgot

the

time

for

lunch.由于在专心读书,他忘了吃午饭的时间。(原因)

Reading

carefully,he

found

something

he

had

not

known

before.他仔细读书时,发现了一些从前不知道的东西。(时间)

Reading

carefully,you

ll

learn

something

new.只要你仔细阅读,你会学到一些新的东西。(条件)

His

family

was

too

poor

to

support

him.他的家庭太穷,不能维持他的生活。(结果)

The

boy

is

not

tall

enough

to

reach

the

book

shelf.这男孩个子不够高,手伸不到书架。(结果)

We

are

glad

to

hear

the

news.我们很高兴听到这消息。(原因)

(3)下面一些句型是不定式做状语时候应该注意的:

a:not/never

too…to,too…not

to,but/only

too…

to,too

ready/eager/apt/inclined

to

表示肯定意义

b:做结果状语的不定式只能出现在句子的末尾,常见的不定式动词有:find,hear,see,be

told,form,give,make,produce

等。

c:不定式做状语时,其逻辑主语一般为句子的主语,否则用for引导主语。

6.非谓语动词常考的其它结构

(1)疑问词+不定式结构

疑问词who,what,which,when,where和how后加不定式可构成一种特殊的不定式短语。它在句中可以用作主语、宾语、表语和双重宾语。如:

When

to

start

has

not

been

decided.何时动身尚未决定。(主语)

I

don

t

know

what

to

do.我不知道该怎么办。(宾语)

The

difficulty

was

how

to

cross

the

river.困难在于如何过河。(表语)

I

can

tell

you

where

to

get

this

book.我可以告诉你哪里可以买到此书。(双重宾语)

注)A.有时疑问词前可用介词,如:

I

have

no

idea

of

how

to

do

it.我不知道如何做此事。

B.动词know

后面不能直接跟不定式作宾语,只能跟疑问词(如:how,what)+不定式:

While

still

a

young

boy,Tom

knew

to

play

the

piano

well

and

as

he

grew

older,he

wrote

operas,the

most

famous

of

which

is

Carmen.

(2)介词except和but作“只有…,只能…”讲时跟不定式结构(but与不带to的不定式连用)。

When

the

streets

are

full

of

melting

snow,you

cannot

help

but

getting

your

shoes

wet.

(3)不带to的不定式

1)在表示生理感觉的动词后的不定式不带to。这类词有:

feel

觉得

observe

注意到,看到

overhear听到

watch注视

listen

to听

perceive察觉,感知

notice注意

see看见

look

at看

hear听

On

seeing

the

young

child

fell

into

the

lake,Eric

sprang

to

his

feet,and

went

on

the

rescue.

2)另一类是某些使役动词,如make,let,have等。如:

Let

him

do

it.让他做吧。

I

would

have

you

know

that

I

am

ill.我想要你知道我病了。

(注):

①上述感觉动词与使役动词转换为被动结构时.其后的不定式一般需带to,如:

He

was

seen

to

come.

The

boy

was

made

to

go

to

bed

early.

②在动词find与help之后,不定式可带to亦可不带to,如:

He

was

surprised

to

find

the

sheep

(to)

break

fence

at

this

season.他发现羊在此季节越出栅栏,感到惊讶。

3)在do

nothing/anything/everything

but(except)结构中。例如:

Last

night

I

did

nothing

but

watch

TV.昨天晚上,我除了看电视别的什么也没有干。

但是,如果谓语动词不是“do

nothing,anything,everything”,那么but(except)所跟的不定式则仍须带。

The

doctor

told

him

nothing

but

to

stop

smoking.医生除了让他戒烟,其它什么都没有说。

There

was

nothing

for

them

to

do

but

to

remain

silent.除了保持沉默以外,他们没有别有别的办法。

(4)不定式与动名词的逻辑主语和分词独立结构

1)不定式的逻辑主语为:for

+名词(或代词宾格)+

不定式。例如:

I

found

it

impossible

for

him

to

do

the

job

alone.我发现他—个人干这活是不可能的。

(注)在表示人物性格、特性等的形容词后面,常用of引出不定式的逻辑主语。例如:

It

was

wise

of

him

to

do

that.他那样做是明智的。

2)动名词的逻辑主语为;①人称代词的所有格+动名词;②名词

s+动名词。例如:

Tom

insisted

on

my

going

with

them.他坚持要我和他们一起去。

He

dislikes

his

wife

s

working

late.他不喜欢他妻子工作得很晚。

3)某些形容词,如:careless等不定式后可以加of来引导出其逻辑主语。这类词主要有:absurd,bold,brave,courageous,careful,careless,clever,wise,foolish,silly,stupid,good,nice,kind

thoughtful,considerate,greedy,generous,honest,modest,polite,rude,cruel,selfish,wicked,wrong等

It

is

very

kind

of

you

to

help

me.你帮助我太好了。

间或也可用for

+

there

to

be表示(而且there后面的不定式只能是to

be)。

It

s

a

great

pity

for

there

to

be

much

trouble

in

the

company.太遗憾了公司里有这么多的麻烦。

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篇3:非谓语动词简单介绍

非谓语动词简单介绍 本文关键词:动词,简单,介绍,非谓语

非谓语动词简单介绍 本文简介:非谓语动词概念:在句中不充当谓语角色的动词形式,它的划分有两种标准(一):不定式;分词(过去分词与现在分词);动名词(二):不定式;v-ing.形式;过去分词.一、考点聚焦1、非谓语动词的句法功能名称形式语法功能主语宾语宾语补足语表语定语状语不定式todo/tobedone√√√√√√tobedoi

非谓语动词简单介绍 本文内容:

非谓语动词

概念:在句中不充当谓语角色的动词形式,它的划分有两种标准(一):不定式;分词(过去分词与现在分词);动名词(二):不定式;v-ing.形式;过去分词.

一、考点聚焦

1、非谓语动词的句法功能

名称

形式

主语

宾语

宾语补足语

表语

定语

状语

不定式

to

do/to

be

done

to

be

doing

√(经常)

to

have(been)

done

动名词

doing

现在分词

doing

having(been)

done

√(动作完成)

过去分词

done

√可代替

having

been

done

2、动词不定式复习中应注意的几个问题

(2)带不定式作宾语的词语,构成v.+

to

do

形式。

下列词语常不定式作宾语:afford、promise、refuse、expect、hope、learn、offer、wish、want、fail、plan、agree、forget、like、prefer、decide、manage、try、arrange、determine、desire等。

下列动词后可接疑问词+不定式,构成decide

what

to

do,wonder

how

to

deal

with

sth.等形式:teach、decide、wonder、show、learn、forget、ask、find、out、advise、discuss等。

(3)如何理解和使用不定式作宾补。

动词see、watch、notice、hear、listen

to、observe、feel、taste、smell、make、let、have等的宾补用动词原形,变被动时要加to,此时的不定式就是主语补足语。

②常用带to不定式作宾补的情况:

主语

+

ask

/

require

/

tell

/

order

/

force

/

get

/

want

/

like/advise/allow/cause/consider/

encourage/forbid/force/intend/order/permit/persuade/remind/request/require/urge/warn/ask/wish+sb.

to

do.

sth.

③主语

+

think

/

judge

/

suppose

/

believe

/

consider

/imagine/consider

+

sb.

+

to

be/to

be

doing/

to

have

done

注意:不定式的一般式、进行式以及完成式做宾语补足语的区别,同时要

注意不定式被动语态的使用。

④主语

+

call

on

/

upon

/

depend

on

/

wait

for

/

ask

for

+

sb.+

to

do

sth.

(5)不定式作状语的用法。

不定式作状语,修饰动词,在句中表示目的、结果、原因。only

to

do表示出人意料的结果。

To

sleep

well,I

turned

off

the

alarm

clock.

We

hurried

to

the

classroom

only

to

find

none

there.

in

order(not)to,s

o

as(not)to用来引导目的状语,enough

to,so…

as

to

do,such

+

名词…

as

to

do作结果状语,如:The

girl

was

so

kind

as

to

help

the

old

man

off

the

bus.

I’m

not

such

a

fool

as

to

believe

that.

(6)不定式的完成时的特殊用法。

①表示不定式中谓语动词发生的动作先于主句的谓语动词发出的动作。

The

novel

was

said

to

have

been

published.

I

regret

to

have

been

with

you

for

so

many

years.

seem、appear、be

said、be

supposed、be

believed、be

thought、be

known、be

reported等动词常用于上面句型。

②不定式的完成时还可表示“过去本想做某事但未做”的虚拟语气。

(A)should

like

to

/

would

like

to

/

would

love

to

+

不定式的完成时。

(B)was

/

were

to

+

不定式的完成时,表示该做某事或想做但未实现。

(C)expect

/

hope

/

mean

/

promise

/

suppose

/

think

/

want/

wish

+

不定式完成时,表示过去未曾实现的愿望。

注意:表示“过去本想做某事但未做”的虚拟语气还可以用:

(7)不定式的省略。

①同一结构并列由and或or连接。

I

want

to

finish

my

homework

and

(to

)go

home.

I’m

really

puzzled

what

to

think

or

(to)say.

特例:To

be

or

not

to

be,this

is

a

question.

He

is

better

to

laugh

than

to

cry.(表示对比)

②不定式作表语,其前面的主语从句中含有do时,后面的to省略。

What

he

did

was(to)

lose

the

game.

③句中含有动词do时,but、except、besides、such

as等后面to可省略。即“前有do,后省to”。

Don’t

do

anything

silly,such

as

marry

him.

比较:have

nothing

to

do

but

do

/have

nothing

but

to

do

have

no

choice

but

to

do

/can’t

(help)

but

do

④主句含有不定式,后面有rather

than,rather

than后省to。

Rather

than

______

on

a

crowded

bus,he

always

prefers

a

bicycle.

A.

ride;

rideB.

riding;

ride

C.

ride;

to

ride

D.

to

ride;

riding

⑤Why

not、had

better、would

rather、can’t

but等词后省to。如:

He

could

not

but

walk

home.

(8)不定式的替代。

多用在同一句或联系紧密的对话中,为了避免重复,作宾语或主补,宾补的不定式再次出现时,to后的内容常承前省略(只保留to即可)。但如果承前省略的不定式有助动用的have或be任何形式,后应该保留原形be或have。如:

The

boy

wanted

to

ride

his

bicycle

in

the

street,but

his

mother

told

him

.

A.

not

to

B.

not

to

do

C.

not

do

it

D.

do

not

to

Susan

is

not

what

she

used

to

be.

—You

came

late

last

night.

You

ought

to

have

finished

your

homework.

—I

know

I

ought

to

have.

常见的有:I’d

like

/

love

/

be

happy

to.

3、动名词复习中应注意的几个问题

(1)动名词作宾语。

①下列动词后只能接动名词:suggest,finish,avoid,stop,can’t

help,mind,enjoy,require,practise,miss,escape,pardon,advise,consider,imagine,keep,appreciate,escape,permit。

②下列动词短语接动名词:leave

off,put

off,give

up,look

forward

to,feel

like,have

trouble

/

difficulty(in)

doing

sth.

devote

to,get

used

to,pay

attention

to,be

fond

of,be

worth。

③介词后要接动名词。what

about、how

about、without、be

fond

of、be

good

at等介词后接动名词。注意on

/

upon

doing

sth.

=

as

soon

as

引导的从中。作此意讲时on

/

upon后也可以接名词。如on

his

arrival…。

④动名词作宾语和动词不定式作宾语的区别:

begin,start,continue,like,love,dislike,hate,prefer,can’t

stand

1.

It

began

to

rain.

It

began

raining.

2.

It

was

beginning

to

snow.

3.

I

love

lying

(to

lie)on

my

back.

4.

I

like

listening

to

music,but

today

I

don’t

like

to.

5.

I

don’

t

prefer

to

swim

in

the

river

now.

1.

意思无差别,但谓语动词用进行时,后面只跟不定式。

2.

表示一种倾向多接动名词作宾语,如果表示某一特定的或具体的行动,多接不定式。

remember,forget,regret,try

1.

I

remember

to

meet

her

at

the

station.

I

remember

seeing

her

once

somewhere.

2.

I

forgot

giving

it

to

you

yesterday.

I

forgot

to

tell

you

about

it.

Now

here

it

is.

3.

I

regret

not

having

working

hard.

I

regret

to

hear

of

your

sister’s

death.

4.

Try

knocking

at

the

back

door.

We

must

try

to

get

everything

ready.

5.

That

will

mean

flooding

some

land.

I

had

meant

to

go

on

Monday.

1.

remember

to

do

sth.记住要做的事

remember

doing

sth.回顾过去发生的事

2.

forget

to

do

sth.忘记要做的事

forget

doing

sth.忘记做过的事

3.

regret

to

do

sth.对将要做的事抱歉

regret

doing

sth.对发生过的事后悔

4.

try

to

do

sth.设法……,试图

try

doing

sth.试试看,试一试

5.

mean

to

do

sth.打算做……,想要

mean

doing

sth.意味着,就是

want,require,need,demand,request

These

desks

need

repairing.

These

desks

need

to

be

repaired.

The

patient

required

examined

The

patient

required

to

be

examined.

1.

need

doing

需要被做

need

to

be

done需要被做

2.

want

doing

want

to

be

done

3.

require

doing

require

to

be

done

(6)分词作宾补与不定式作宾补的区别:

感官动词

动词原形→做了某事

S.+

+

宾语

+

现在分词→正在做某事

使役动词

过去分词→做了或被做

比较:

see

sb.(sth).

do/doing/done/prep.短语

watch

sb.(sth).

do/doing/done/prep.短语,find

sb.(sth).

do/doing/done/prep.

get

sb.(sth.)to

do/done/doing,hear

sb.(sth.)to

do/done/doing

feel

sb.(sth.)to

do/done/doing

make

sb

do

/make

sth

done,force

sb.

to

do/cause

sb.

to

do等

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