信息管理外文翻译

信息管理外文翻译 本文关键词：外文，信息管理，翻译

信息管理外文翻译 本文简介：沈阳航空航天大学本科毕业设计（论文）——外文翻译DesignandImplementationofEducationalVideoPlatformforMultipleUsers多用户教育视频平台设计与实现院系经济与管理学院专业信息管理与信息系统班级94080201学号2009040802005姓名

信息管理外文翻译 本文内容：

沈阳航空航天大学本科毕业设计（论文）——外文翻译

Design

and

Implementation

of

Educational

Video

Platform

for

Multiple

Users

多用户教育视频平台设计与实现

院

系

经济与管理学院

专

业

信息管理与信息系统

班

级

94080201

学

号

2009040802005

姓

名

孙文博

指导教师

王庆军

职

称

副教授

负责教师

王晓斌

沈阳航空航天大学2013年6月

what

are

C/S

with

B/S

For

“C/S

“with

the

technology

of

“B/S

“develop

change

know,first,must

make

it

clear

that

3

problems.

(

1

)

What

is

the

structure

of

C/S.

C/S

(

Client/Server

)

structure,the

server

structure

and

client

computer

that

all

know

well.

It

is

software

systematic

architecture,through

it

can

hold

hardware

environment

fully

using

two

advantage,realize

task

reasonable

distribution

to

Client

end

and

Server

end,have

reduced

systematic

communication

expense.

Now,the

most

systems

of

application

software

are

the

two

levels

of

structure

of

the

form

of

Client/Server,are

developing

to

the

Web

application

of

distribution

type

since

current

software

application

is

systematic,Web

and

the

application

of

Client/Server

can

carry

out

same

business

handling,apply

different

modular

to

share

logic

assembly;

Therefore

it

is

systematic

that

built-in

and

external

user

can

visit

new

and

existing

application,through

the

logic

in

existing

application

system,can

expand

new

application

system.

This

is

also

present

application

system

develop

direction.

Traditional

C

／

S

architecture

though

adopting

is

open

pattern,but

this

is

the

openness

that

system

develops

a

level,in

specific

application

no

matter

Client

end

or

Server

end

the

software

that

need

to

still

specify

support.

Because

of

the

software

software

that

need

to

develop

different

edition

according

to

the

different

system

of

operating

system

that

can

not

offer

the

structure

of

C/S

and

the

open

environment

of

user

genuine

expectation,besides,the

renovation

of

product

is

very

rapid,is

nearly

impossible

to

already

meet

the

100

computer

above

users

of

local

area

network

at

the

same

time

use.

Price

has

low

efficiency

high.

If

my

courtyard

uses,Shanghai

exceed

the

orchid

company

s

management

software

“statistics

of

law

case“is

typical

C

／

S

architecture

management

software.

(

2

)

What

is

the

structure

of

B/S.

B/S

(

Browser/Server

)

structure

browser

and

server

structure.

It

is

along

with

the

technology

of

Internet

spring

up,it

is

for

the

structure

of

improvement

or

a

kind

of

change

of

the

structure

of

C/S.

Under

this

kind

of

structure,user

working

interface

is

to

realize

through

WWW

browser,lose

the

logic

of

general

affairs

very

much

in

front(

Browser)

realization,but

the

major

logic

of

general

affairs

in

server

end(

Server)

realization,form

the

three-layer

claimed

3-tier

structure.

So,have

simplified

customer

end

computer

load

greatly,have

alleviated

system

to

defend

workload

and

the

cost

with

upgrading,have

reduced

the

overall

cost

of

user

(

TCO

).

With

present

technology

see,local

area

network

the

network

application

that

establishes

the

structure

of

B/S,and

under

the

pattern

of

Internet/Intranet,database

application

is

easy

to

hold

relatively,cost

also

is

lower.

It

is

that

oneness

goes

to

the

development

of

position,can

realize

different

people,never

same

place,with

difference

receive

the

way

of

entering

(

for

example

LAN,WAN,Internet/Intranet

etc.)

visit

and

operate

common

database;

It

can

protect

data

platform

efficiently

with

management

visit

limits

of

authority,server

database

is

also

safe.

Now

in

my

courtyard,net

(

Intranet

),outer

net

(

Internet

)

with

Beijing

eastern

clear

big

company

“law

case

and

the

management

software

of

official

business

“is

the

structural

management

software

of

B/S,policemen

each

working

station

in

local

area

network

pass

through

WWW

browser

can

realize

working

business.

Especially

in

JAVA

step

platform

language

appearance

after,the

configuration

management

software

of

B/S

is

more

facilitated,is

shortcut,efficient.

(

3

)

The

management

software

technology

of

main

stream.

The

technology

of

main

stream

of

management

software

technology

is

as

management

thought,have

also

gone

through

3

develop

period.

First,interface

technology

goes

to

Windows

graph

interface

(

or

graph

user

interface

GUI

)

from

last

century

DOS

character

interface,till

Browser

browser

interface

3

differences

develop

period.

Secondly,today

own

the

browser

interface

of

computer,is

not

only

visual

and

is

easy

to

use,what

is

more

major

is

that

any

its

style

of

application

software

based

on

browser

platform

is

as,make

the

requirement

of

choosing

a

person

for

the

job

for

operating

training

not

high

and

software

operability

is

strong,is

easy

to

distinguish;

Moreover

platform

architecture

the

file

that

also

goes

to

today

from

past

single

user

development

／

server

(

F

／

S

)

system

and

client

computer

／

server

(

C

／

S

)

system

and

browser

／

server

(

B

／

S

)

system.

The

comparison

of

C/S

and

B/S

C/S

and

B/S

is

the

now

world

two

technologies

of

main

stream

of

developing

pattern

technical

configuration.

C/S

is

that

American

Borland

company

researches

and

develop

most

early,B/S

is

that

American

Microsoft

researches

and

develop.

Now

this

two

technologies

with

quilt

world

countries

grasp,it

is

many

that

domestic

company

produce

article

with

C/S

and

the

technical

development

of

B/S.

This

two

technologies

have

the

certain

market

share

of

self,is

with

customer

crowd,each

domestic

enterprise

says

that

own

management

software

configuration

technical

function

is

powerful,advanced,convenient,the

customer

group

that

can

lift,have

a

crowd

scholar

ink

guest

to

shake

flag

self

cry

out,advertisement

flies

all

over

the

sky,may

be

called

benevolent

to

see

kernel,sage

sees

wisdom

C/S

configures

inferior

position

and

the

advantage

of

software

(

1

)

Application

server

operation

data

load

is

light

comparatively.

The

database

application

of

the

most

simple

architecture

of

C/S

is

become

by

two

partial

groups,customer

applies

program

and

database

server

program.

Both

can

be

called

as

proscenium

program

and

the

program

of

backstage

supporter

respectively.

The

machine

of

operation

database

server

program

is

also

called

as

application

server.

Once

server

program

had

been

started,waits

the

request

concerning

responding

customer

program

hair

at

any

time;

Customer

application

program

operation

can

be

called

as

customer

computer

on

the

own

computer

of

user,in

correspondence

with

database

server,when

needs

carry

out

any

operation

for

the

data

in

database,customer

program

seeks

server

program

voluntarily,and

sends

request

to

it,server

program

is

regular

as

basis

intends

to

make

to

reply,send

to

return

result,application

server

operation

data

load

is

lighter.

(

2

)

Data

store

management

function

relatively

transparent.

In

database

application

data

store

management

function,is

carried

out

respectively

independently

by

server

program

and

customer

application

program,is

regular

as

proscenium

application

can

violate,and

usually

those

different(

no

matter

is

have

known

still

unknown

)

operations

data,in

server

program,do

not

concentrate

realization,for

instance

visit

limits

of

authority,serial

number

can

be

repeated,must

have

customer

talent

establishment

the

rule

order.

It

is

these

to

own,for

the

last

user

that

works

on

proscenium

program

is

“transparent

“,they

need

not

be

interest

in

(

can

not

usually

also

interfere

)

the

course

of

behind,can

complete

own

all

work.

In

the

application

of

customer

server

configuration

proscenium

program

not

is

very

“thin

“,troublesome

matter

is

delivered

to

server

and

network.

In

the

system

of

C/S

take

off,database

can

not

become

public

really,professionally

more

competent

storehouse,it

gets

independent

special

management.

The

advantage

of

B/S

configuration

software

(

1

)

The

Maintenance

of

inferior

position

and

upgrading

way

are

simple.

Now

upgrading

and

the

improvement

of

software

system

more

and

more

frequently,the

product

of

the

configuration

of

B/S

embodies

more

convenient

property

obviously.

For

one

a

little

a

little

bit

big

unit,if

systematic

administrator

needs,between

hundreds

of

1000

even

last

computers

round

trip

run,efficiency

and

workload

is

to

can

imagine,but

the

configuration

of

B/S

software

needs

management

server

have

been

all

right,all

customer

ends

are

browser

only,need

not

do

any

maintenance

at

all.

No

matter

the

scale

of

user

has,is

what,has

how

many

branch

will

not

increase

any

workload

of

maintenance

upgrading,is

all

to

operate

needs

to

aim

at

server

to

go

on;

If

need

differently

only,net

server

connection

specially,realize

long-range

maintenance

and

upgrading

and

share.

So

client

computer

more

and

more

“thin

“,and

server

more

and

more

“fat

“is

the

direction

of

main

stream

of

future

informative

development.

In

the

future,software

upgrading

and

maintenance

will

be

more

and

more

easy,and

use

can

more

and

more

simple,this

is

for

user

manpower,material

resources,time

and

cost

save

is

obvious,it

is

astonishing.

Therefore

defend

and

escalate

revolutionary

way

is

the

client

computer

“it

is

thin

“,“is

fat

“server.

(

2

)

Cost

reduction,it

is

more

to

select.

All

know

windows

in

the

computer

of

top

of

a

table

on

nearly

one

Tong

world,browser

has

become

standard

disposition,but

on

server

operating

system,windows

is

in

absolute

dominance

position

not.

Current

tendency

is

the

application

management

software

that

uses

the

configuration

of

B/S

all,need

to

install

only

in

Linux

server

on,and

safety

is

high.

The

so

server

option

of

operating

system

is

many,no

matter

choosing

those

operating

system,can

let

the

most

of

ones

use

windows

in

order

to

the

computer

of

top

of

a

table

of

operating

system

does

not

get

influence,this

for

make

most

popular

free

Linux

operating

system

develop

fast,Linux

except

operating

system

is

free

besides,it

is

also

free

to

link

database,this

kind

of

option

is

very

pupular.

Say,many

persons

on

daily,“Sina

website“nets,so

long

as

having

installed

browser

for

can,and

what

need

not

know

the

server

of

“Sina

website

“to

use

is

that

what

operating

system,and

in

fact

the

most

of

websites

do

not

use

windows

operating

system

really,but

the

computer

of

user

is

most

of

as

installing

to

be

windows

operating

system.

什么是C/S和B/S

要想对“C/S”和“B/S”技术发展变化有所了解，首先必须搞清楚三个问题。

(1)

什么是C/S结构。

C/S

（Client/Server）结构，即大家熟知的客户机和服务器结构。它是软件系统体系结构，通过它可以充分利用的两端硬件环境的优势，将任务合理分配到Client端和Server端来实现，降低了系统的通讯开销。目前大多数应用软件系统都是Client/Server形式的两层结构，由于现在的软件应用系统正在向分布式的Web应用发展，Web和Client/Server

应用都可以进行同样的业务处理，应用不同的模块共享逻辑组件；因此，内部的和外部的用户都可以访问新的和现有的应用系统，通过现有应用系统中的逻辑可以扩展出新的应用系统。这也就是目前应用系统的发展方向。

传统的C／S体系结构虽然采用的是开放模式，但这只是系统开发一级的开放性，在特定的应用中无论是Client端还是Server端都还需要特定的软件支持。由于没能提供用户真正期望的开放环境，C/S结构的软件需要针对不同的操作系统系统开发不同版本的软件，

加之产品的更新换代十分快，已经很难适应百台电脑以上局域网用户同时使用。而且代价高，

效率低。如我院使用的上海超兰公司“案件统计”管理软件就是典型的C／S体系结构管理软件。

什么是B/S结构。

B/S（Browser/Server）结构即浏览器和服务器结构。它是随着Internet技术的兴起，对C/S结构的一种变化或者改进的结构。在这种结构下，用户工作界面是通过WWW浏览器来实现，极少部分事务逻辑在前端（Browser）实现，但是主要事务逻辑在服务器端（Server）实现，形成所谓三层3-tier结构。这样就大大简化了客户端电脑载荷，减轻了系统维护与升级的成本和工作量，降低了用户的总体成本（TCO）。以目前的技术看，局域网的建立B/S结构的网络应用，并通过Internet/Intranet模式下数据库应用，相对易于把握、成本也是较低的。它是一次性到位的开发，能实现不同的人员，从不同的地点，以不同的接入方式（比如LAN,WAN,Internet/Intranet等）访问和操作共同的数据库；它能有效地保护数据平台和管理访问权限，服务器数据库也很安全

。

C/S和B/S

之比较

C/S和B/S都是当今世界开发模式技术架构的两大主流的技术。C/S是美国

Borland公司的最早研发，B/S是美国微软公司研发的。目前，这两项的技术以被世界各国所掌握了，国内公司以C/S和B/S的技术开发出产品也很多。这两种技术都有着自己一定的市场份额和客户群体，各家的企业都说自己的管理软件架构技术功能强大、更先进、方便，也都能举出各自的客户群体，也都有一大群文人墨客为自己的摇旗呐喊，广告满天飞，正所谓仁者见仁，智者见智

C/S架构软件的优势与劣势

（1）应用服务器运行数据负荷较轻。

最简单的C/S体系的结构的数据库应用由两部分组成，即客户应用程序和数据库服务器程序。二者可分别是称为前台程序与后台程序。运行数据库服务器程序的机器，也称为应用服务器。一旦服务器的程序被启动，就随时的等待响应客户程序发来的请求；客户的应用程序运行在用户自己的电脑上，对应于数据库服务器，可称为客户电脑，当需要对数据库的中的数据进行任何操作时，客户程序就自动地寻找服务器程序，并向其中发出请求，服务器的程序根据预定的规则作出应答，送回结果，应用服务器运行数据负荷较轻。

（2）数据储存管理的功能较为透明

在数据库的应用中，数据的储存管理功能，是由服务器程序和客户应用程序分别独立进行的，前台应用可以违反的规则，并且通常把那些不同的（不管是已知还是未知的）运行数据，在服务器程序中不集中实现，例如访问者的权限，编号可以重复、必须有客户才能建立定单这样的规则。所有这些，对于工作在前台程序上的最终用户，是“透明”的，他们无须过问（通常也无法干涉）背后的过程，就可以完成自己的一切工作。在客户服务器架构的应用中，前台程序不是非常“瘦小”，麻烦的事情都交给了服务器和网络。在C/S体系的下，数据库不能真正成为公共、专业化的仓库，它受到独立的专门管理。

（3）

C/S架构的劣势是高昂的维护成本且投资大。

首先，采用C/S架构，要选择适当的数据库平台来实现数据库数据的真正“统一”，使分布于两地的数据同步完全交由数据库系统去管理，但逻辑上两地的操作者要直接访问同一个数据库才能有效实现，有这样一些问题，如果需要建立“实时”的数据同步，就必须在两地间建立实时的通讯连接，保持两地的数据库服务器在线运行，网络管理工作人员既要对服务器维护管理，又要对客户端维护和管理，这需要高昂的投资和复杂的技术支持，维护成本很高，维护任务量大。

其次，传统的C/S结构的软件需要针对不同的操作系统系统开发不同版本的软件，由于产品的更新换代十分快，代价高和低效率已经不适应工作需要。在JAVA这样的跨平台语言出现之后，B/S架构更是猛烈冲击C/S，并对其形成威胁和挑战。

B/S架构软件的优势与劣势

（1）维护和升级方式简单。

目前，软件系统的改进和升级越来越频繁，B/S架构的产品明显体现着更为方便的特性。对一个稍微大一点单位来说，系统管理人员如果需要在几百甚至上千部电脑之间来回奔跑，效率和工作量是可想而知的，但B/S架构的软件只需要管理服务器就行了，所有的客户端只是浏览器，根本不需要做任何的维护。无论用户的规模有多大，有多少分支机构都不会增加任何维护升级的工作量，所有的操作只需要针对服务器进行；如果是异地，只需要把服务器连接专网即可，实现远程维护、升级和共享。所以客户机越来越“瘦”，而服务器越来越“胖”是将来信息化发展的主流方向。今后，软件升级和维护会越来越容易，而使用起来会越来越简单，这对用户人力、物力、时间、费用的节省是显而易见的，惊人的。因此，维护和升级革命的方式是“瘦”客户机，“胖”服务器。

（2）成本降低，选择更多。

大家都知道windows在桌面电脑上几乎一统天下，浏览器成为了标准配置，但在服务器操作系统上windows并不是处于绝对的统治地位。

现在的趋势是凡使用B/S架构的应用管理软件，只需安装在Linux服务器上即可，而且安全性高。所以服务器操作系统的选择是很多的，不管选用那种操作系统都可以让大部分人使用windows作为桌面操作系统电脑不受影响，这就使的最流行免费的Linux操作系统快速发展起来，Linux除了操作系统是免费的以外，连数据库也是免费的，这种选择非常盛行。

比如说很多人每天上“新浪”网，只要安装了浏览器就可以了，并不需要了解“新浪”的服务器用的是什么操作系统，而事实上大部分网站确实没有使用windows操作系统，但用户的电脑本身安装的大部分是windows操作系统。