研英语翻译笔记 本文关键词：英语翻译，笔记
研英语翻译笔记 本文简介：研英语翻译笔记【词类活译】?形容词介词→动词?名词c?副词Awell-dressedman,wholookedandtalkedlikeanAmerican,gotintothecar.译文：一个衣着讲究的人钻进了轿车，他的外表和谈吐都像是个美国人；【代词归位】代词所指的对象一般在前文找到，但是有些
研英语翻译笔记 本文内容：
研英语翻译笔记
【词类活译】
?形容词
介词→动词?名词
c
?副
词
A
well-dressed
man,who
looked
and
talked
like
an
American,got
into
the
car.
译文：一个衣着讲究的人钻进了轿车，他的外表和谈吐都像是个美国人；
【代词归位】代词所指的对象一般在前文找到，但是有些状语从句前置时，造成迷惑，指代的内容不在状语从句中，而是在后文；
Pollution
is
the
price
we
pay
for
an
overpopulated,over-industrialized
planet.When
we
come
to
think
about
it,there
are
only
four
ways
you
can
deal
with
rubbish
:dump
it,burn
it,turn
it
into
something
you
can
use
again,attempt
to
produce
less
of
it
译文：当我们开始考虑垃圾问题时，我们只有四种对付垃圾的方法：倾倒，焚烧，让其变成再生材料或努力减少垃圾；
【语态转换】
被动语态首先考虑译成主动语态，其次保留原文的被动形式，再次灵活处理；若存在动作的发出者，通常译成主动语态，对于不言自明的发出者可适当添加，也可译成无主句；
By
the
end
of
the
war,about
1,000
children
had
been
rescued
by
the
organization
译文：截止到战争结束，这个组织拯救了大约1000名儿童；
The
child
is
to
be
told
not
to
touch
the
piano
译文：我们应该告诉孩子不要碰钢琴；
About
that
project,much
has
said
but
little
has
been
done
译文：关于那项工程，说的多，做的少；
也可译成“被”，“遭到（不好的事）”，“受到（好的事）”，“由”，“为所”，“把”等
This
kind
of
insects
was
visited【攻击】
by
a
large
colony
of
ants
which
could
obtain
a
sort
of
honey
from
them;
译文：此类昆虫遭到了一群蚂蚁的攻击，这是因为后者从他们身上可以得到一种蜜；
2014年考研备考大全
哲学类
经济学类
管理学类
教育学类
文学类
【It
is
.句式翻译】
It
is
alleged
that
据说.
It
is
rumored
that
据传.
It
is
argued
that
有人主张.
It
is
to
be
discussed
that
需要讨论的是.
There
is
no
agreement
.人们对此看法不一
It
is
necessary
that
有必要.
It
is
true
that
诚然.
It
is
likely
that
可能.
It
is
a
mystery
that
让人不解的是.
It
is
common
knowledge
that
常识是.
It
occurred
to
me
that
我突然想起.
【状语从句】状语从句一般前置到句首，有时前置到所修饰谓语动词的前面；但结果状语从句和伴随转语从句一般不前置翻译；
He
pushed
open
the
door
gently
and
crept
out
of
the
room
for
fear
that
he
should
awake
the
baby
译文：为了不惊醒孩子，他轻轻推开门，蹑手蹑脚溜了进去；
I
was
never
allowed
by
my
parents
to
do
things
ass
I
wanted
to
译文：父母从不允许我按照自己想要的方式来做事；
New
forms
of
thought
as
well
as
new
subjects
for
thought
must
arise
in
the
future
as
they
have
in
the
past,giving
rise
to
new
standards
of
elegance
译文：就像以往那样，在将来，新的思维方式和新的思维对象一定会出现，并带来新的完美标准；
The
sense
is
growing
that
the
Americans
need
to
turn
things
round
fast,militarily
and
politically,if
they
are
to
ensue
that
events
do
not
get
out
of
control;
译文：人们越来越强烈地感觉到：如果美国人想确保情况不失去控制，他们就需要在军事和政治两方面，快速扭转形势；
If
experience
are
planned
and
carried
out
according
to
plan
as
faithfully
as
the
reports
in
the
science
journals
indicate,then
it
is
perfectly
logical
for
management
to
expect
research
to
produce
results
measurable
in
dollars
and
cents
译文：如果试验被计划并像科学杂志上的报告所表明的那样忠实地按照计划得以实施，那么管理方面期待着研究能够带来可以用金钱衡量的结果也是完全符合逻辑的；
【定语从句】比较短的定语从句一般合译，即译成形容词“.的”；较长的定语从句常用分译法，即单独译成一个句子，此时要翻译连接词！多个定语从句嵌套时，常将第一个定语从句合译，后面的从句分译；对于“there
be”句型的定语从句常用融合法，即将从句作为主语的谓语；还有的非限制性定语从句有状语的含义，此时用状译法译成相应的状语从句；
The
people
who
work
for
him
live
in
moral
fear
of
him;
译文：在他手下工作的人对他惧怕得要死；
The
fine
arts,such
as
painting
and
sculpture,involve
the
production
of
works
to
be
seen
and
experienced
on
an
abstract
level;
译文：像绘画和雕塑这样的美术，往往要求创作出能够从抽象的角度加以欣赏和感受的作品；
There
are
some
parts
of
the
world
where
even
now
people
cannot
write
译文：在世界上有些地方，甚至现在人们也不会书写；
He
grabbed
the
letter
from
his
rival
that
would
prove
him
guilty
in
the
smuggling
case
译文：他把信件从对方手里一把夺了过来，因为这封信可以证明他在走私案中的罪行；
竹节式：
A
culture
in
which
the
citizens
share
similar
religious
beliefs
and
values
is
more
likely
to
have
laws
that
represent
the
wishes
of
its
people
than
is
a
culture
where
citizens
come
from
diverse
backgrounds
译文：有的文化中，公民们拥有着相似的宗教信仰和价值观；还有的文化中，公民们来自不同文化背景，前者比后者更有可能产生代表民意的法律；
洋葱式：
One
of
my
friends
got
pregnant
in
her
boyfriend’s
hospital
room
while
he
was
recovering
from
a
terrible
car
accident
which
left
him
partially
paralyzed
译文：我有一个朋友，她的男朋友遭遇了一起严重的车祸，结果导致了半身不遂。在医院病房恢复期间，他居然还让我朋友怀孕了；
Few
things
could
be
more
impressive
than
the
peace
that
descends
on
deserted【空旷的】
city
streets
at
weekend
when
the
thousands
that
travel
to
work
every
day
are
tucked
away
in
their
homes
译文：在周末，成千上万平日进城上班的人会回到他们的乡间寓所，这时一种宁静的气氛会降临在空旷的街市，没有什么能比此时的宁静更令人难忘了；
The
greater
interest
in
exceptional
children
shown
in
public
education
over
the
past
three
decades
indicates
the
strong
feeling
in
our
society
that
all
citizens,whatever
their
special
conditions,deserve
the
opportunity
to
fully
develop
their
capabilities
译文：过去30年间，在公共教育领域所表现出的对特殊儿童的更大关注表明了在我们社会有这样一种强烈的观点：所有的公民都应该有机会充分发挥自己的才能，无论他们自身条件如何；
【名词性从句】
主语从句：可以按原文语序翻译，也可以用增词法，即先翻译从句，再用“这”来代替从句；
That
progress
helps
to
relieve
scarcities
is
a
fact
accepted
by
all
economists
译文：经济的发展有助于缓解物质的匮乏，这是所有经济学家都承认的事实；
宾语从句：可以按原文语序翻译，也可用增词法，增加“说”，再翻译从句；
“动词+it+that宾语从句”可先翻译从句，用“这一点，这样做，对此”等代替从句；
有时还可以采用“融合法”翻译；
He
reminded
us
again
that
this
matter
had
been
decided
not
just
by
himself
but
by
many
others
as
well
译文：他再一次提醒我们说，决定这件事的不只是他一个人，还有许多其他人；
I
regard
it
as
an
honor
that
I
have
been
chosen
to
attend
the
meeting;
译文：大家选我出席该会议，对此我深感光荣；
I
think
it
true
that
he
has
ventured
out
to
sea;
译文：我想他真的已经冒险出海了；
表语从句：通常可以按原文语序翻译；
That
was
how
a
small
nation
won
the
victory
over
a
big
power
译文：就这样，小国战胜了大国；
注意：
This
is
why:这就是为什么?；原因就在这里(先翻译从句)；
This
is
because:这是因为?；（一般按顺序翻译）；
This
is
what:这就是?的内容（含义）;?就是这个道理（意思）（先翻译从句）；
同位语从句：当比较简单可先翻译从句，再用“这一.或这个.”引出后文；当同位语从句较长时适合翻译成一个句子，并在句前加“即，：，-，”当被同位语说明的本位语若是有动词词性的抽象名词，则将其译成动词，而将从句译成动词的宾语！
The
estimated
that
as
much
as
one-fourth
of
all
timber
harvested
is
not
used
proved
to
be
false
译文：有多达1/4的被砍伐木材未被使用，这一估计被证实是错误的；
They
have
in
common
only
one
thing
that
they
tend
to
annoy
or
threaten
those
who
regard
themselves
as
more
enlightened
译文：他们只在一件事上是相同，即往往会去骚扰或威胁那些自认为开明的人士；
He
expressed
the
hope
that
he
would
come
over
to
visit
China
again;
译文：他表示希望再到中国来访问；
篇2：MBA英语翻译常用技巧总结
MBA英语翻译常用技巧总结 本文关键词：英语翻译，常用，技巧，MBA
MBA英语翻译常用技巧总结 本文简介：www.16fw.com400-618-2500MBA英语翻译常用技巧总结MBA英语翻译考察三方面内容：1、专有名词（如operationalresearchexpert）、习惯用法（如dependon）及多义词的翻译(如school、set的多义)2、一般性翻译技巧:包括词义选择，词序调整，词性
MBA英语翻译常用技巧总结 本文内容：
www.16fw.com
400-618-2500
MBA英语翻译常用技巧总结
MBA英语翻译考察三方面内容：
1、专有名词（如operational
research
expert）、习惯用法（如depend
on）及多义词的翻译
(如school、set的多义)
2、一般性翻译技巧
:包括词义选择，词序调整，词性转换和增词法等等
3、具体句型（定从、状从、主从、宾从、表从、同位从、强调结构、并列、比较、倒装、插入、被动、否定等）
一、常用方法
英汉两种语言在句法、词汇、修辞等方面均存在着很大的差异，因此在进行英汉互译时必然会遇到很多困难，需要有一定的翻译技巧作指导。常用的翻译技巧有增译法、省译法、转换法、拆句法、合并法、正译法、反译法、倒置法、包孕法、插入法、重组法和综合法等。这些技巧不但可以运用于笔译之中，也可以运用于口译过程中，而且应该用得更加熟练。
1.
增译法：指根据英汉两种语言不同的思维方式、语言习惯和表达方式，在翻译时增添一些词、短句或句子，以便更准确地表达出原文所包含的意义。这种方式多半用在汉译英里。汉语无主句较多，而英语句子一般都要有主语，所以在翻译汉语无主句的时候，除了少数可用英语无主句、被动语态或“There
be…”结构来翻译以外，一般都要根据语境补出主语，使句子完整。英汉两种语言在名词、代词、连词、介词和冠词的使用方法上也存在很大差别。英语中代词使用频率较高，凡说到人的器官和归某人所有的或与某人有关的事物时，必须在前面加上物主代词。因此，在汉译英时需要增补物主代词，而在英译汉时又需要根据情况适当地删减。英语词与词、词组与词组以及句子与句子的逻辑关系一般用连词来表示，而汉语则往往通过上下文和语序来表示这种关系。因此，在汉译英时常常需要增补连词。英语句子离不开介词和冠词。另外，在翻译时还要注意增补一些原文中暗含而没有明言的词语和一些概括性、注释性的词语，以确保译文意思的完整。总之，通过增译，一是保证译文语法结构的完整，二是保证译文意思的明确。如：
（1）What
about
calling
him
right
away?
马上给他打个电话，你觉得如何？
（增译主语和谓语）
（2）If
only
I
could
see
the
realization
of
the
four
modernizations.
要是我能看到四个现代化实现该有多好啊！（增译主句）
(3)
Indeed,the
reverse
is
true
实际情况恰好相反。（增译名词）
(4)
就是法西斯国家本国的人民也被剥夺了人权。
Even
the
people
in
the
fascist
countries
were
stripped
of
their
human
rights.（增译物主代词）
(5)
只许州官放火，不许百姓点灯。
While
the
magistrates
were
free
to
burn
down
house,the
common
people
were
forbidden
to
light
lamps.
（增译连词）
(6)
这是我们两国人民的又一个共同点。
This
is
yet
another
common
point
between
the
people
of
our
two
countries.（增译介词）
(7)
在人权领域，中国反对以大欺小、以强凌弱。
In
the
field
of
human
rights,China
opposes
the
practice
of
the
big
oppressing
the
small
and
the
strong
bullying
the
weak.（增译暗含词语）
(8)
三个臭皮匠，合成一个诸葛亮。
Three
cobblers
with
their
wits
combined
equal
Zhuge
Liang
the
mastermind.（增译注释性词语）
2.
省译法：这是与增译法相对应的一种翻译方法，即删去不符合目标语思维习惯、语言习惯和表达方式的词，以避免译文累赘。增译法的例句反之即可。又如：
(1)
You
will
be
staying
in
this
hotel
during
your
visit
in
Beijing.
你在北京访问期间就住在这家饭店里。（省译物主代词）
(2)
I
hope
you
will
enjoy
your
stay
here.
希望您在这儿过得愉快。（省译物主代词）
(3)
中国政府历来重视环境保护工作。
The
Chinese
government
has
always
attached
great
importance
to
environmental
protection.
(省译名词)
3.
转换法：指翻译过程中为了使译文符合目标语的表述方式、方法和习惯而对原句中的词类、句型和语态等进行转换。具体的说，就是在词性方面，把名词转换为代词、形容词、动词；把动词转换成名词、形容词、副词、介词；把形容词转换成副词和短语。在句子成分方面，把主语变成状语、定语、宾语、表语；把谓语变成主语、定语、表语；把定语变成状语、主语；把宾语变成主语。在句型方面，把并列句变成复合句，把复合句变成并列句，把状语从句变成定语从句。在语态方面，可以把主动语态变为被动语态。如：
(1)
我们学院受教委和市政府的双重领导。
Our
institute
is
co-administrated
by
the
States
Education
Commission
and
the
municipal
government.
(名词转动词)
(2)
Too
much
exposure
to
TV
programs
will
do
great
harm
to
the
eyesight
of
children.
孩子们看电视过多会大大地损坏视力。(名词转动词)
(3)
由于我们实行了改革开放政策，我国的综合国力有了明显的增强。Thanks
to
the
introduction
of
our
reform
and
opening
policy,our
comprehensive
national
strength
has
greatly
improved.
(动词转名词)
(4)
I’m
all
for
you
opinion.
我完全赞成你的意见。（介词转动词）
(5)
The
reform
and
opening
policy
is
supported
by
the
whole
Chinese
people.
改革开放政策受到了全中国人民的拥护。（动词转名词）
(6)
In
his
article
the
author
is
critical
of
man’s
negligence
toward
his
environment.
作者在文章中，对人类疏忽自身环境作了批评。（形容词转名词）
(7)
In
some
of
the
European
countries,the
people
are
given
the
biggest
social
benefits
such
as
medical
insurance.
在有些欧洲国家里，人民享受最广泛的社会福利，如医疗保险等。（被动语态转主动语态）
(8)
时间不早了，我们回去吧！We
don’t
have
much
time
left.
Let’s
go
back.
(句型转换)
(9)
学生们都应该德、智、体全面发展。All
the
students
should
develop
morally,intellectually
and
physically.
(名词转副词)
4.
拆句法和合并法：这是两种相对应的翻译方法。拆句法是把一个长而复杂的句子拆译成若干个较短、较简单的句子，通常用于英译汉；合并法是把若干个短句合并成一个长句，一般用于汉译英。汉语强调意合，结构较松散，因此简单句较多；英语强调形合，结构较严密，因此长句较多。所以汉译英时要根据需要注意利用连词、分词、介词、不定式、定语从句、独立结构等把汉语短句连成长句；而英译汉时又常常要在原句的关系代词、关系副词、主谓连接处、并列或转折连接处、后续成分与主体的连接处，以及意群结束处将长句切断，译成汉语分句。这样就可以基本保留英语语序，顺译全句，顺应现代汉语长短句相替、单复句相间的句法修辞原则。如：
(1)
Increased
cooperation
with
China
is
in
the
interests
of
the
United
States.
同中国加强合作，符合美国的利益。
（在主谓连接处拆译）
(2)
I
wish
to
thank
you
for
the
incomparable
hospitality
for
which
the
Chinese
people
are
justly
famous
throughout
the
world.
我要感谢你们无与伦比的盛情款待。中国人民正是以这种热情好客而闻明世界的。（在定语从句前拆译）
(3)
This
is
particularly
true
of
the
countries
of
the
commonwealth,who
see
Britain’s
membership
of
the
Community
a
guarantee
that
the
policies
of
the
community
will
take
their
interests
into
account
英联邦各国尤其如此，它们认为英国加入欧共体，将能保证欧共体的政策照顾到它们的利益。（在定语从句前拆译）
(4)
中国是个大国，百分之八十的人口从事农业，但耕地只占土地面积的十分之一，其余为山脉、森林、城镇和其他用地。
China
is
a
large
country
with
four-fifths
of
the
population
engaged
in
agriculture,but
only
one
tenth
of
the
land
is
farmland,the
rest
being
mountains,forests
and
places
for
urban
and
other
uses.（合译）
5.
正译法和反译法：这两种方法通常用于汉译英，偶尔也用于英译汉。所谓正译，是指把句子按照与汉语相同的语序或表达方式译成英语。所谓反译则是指把句子按照与汉语相反的语序或表达方式译成英语。正译与反译常常具有同义的效果，但反译往往更符合英语的思维方式和表达习惯。因此比较地道。如：
(1)
在美国，人人都能买到枪。
In
the
United
States,everyone
can
buy
a
gun.
(正译)
In
the
United
States,guns
are
available
to
everyone.
(反译)
(2)
你可以从因特网上获得这一信息。
You
can
obtain
this
information
on
the
Internet.
（正译）
This
information
is
accessible/available
on
the
Internet.
（反译）
(3)
他突然想到了一个新主意。
Suddenly
he
had
a
new
idea.
(正译)
He
suddenly
thought
out
a
new
idea.
(正译)
A
new
idea
suddenly
occurred
to/struck
him.
（反译）
(4)
他仍然没有弄懂我的意思。
He
still
could
not
understand
me.
(正译)
Still
he
failed
to
understand
me.
(反译)
(5)
无论如何，她算不上一位思维敏捷的学生。
She
can
hardly
be
rated
as
a
bright
student.
(正译)
She
is
anything
but
a
bright
student.
(反译)
(6)
Please
withhold
the
document
for
the
time
being.
请暂时扣下这份文件。（正译）
请暂时不要发这份文件。（反译）
二、被动语态译法
英语中被动语态的使用范围极为广泛,尤其是在科技英语中,被动语态几乎随处可见,凡是在不必、不愿说出或不知道主动者的情况下均可使用被动语态,因此,掌握被动语态的翻译方法,对于MBA入学考试的复习与应考是极为重要的,因为在MBA入学考试中，英译汉文章的内容多以科普文章为主。在汉语中,也有被动语态,通常通过“把”或“被”等词体现出来,但它的使用范围远远小于英语中被动语态的使用范围,因此英语中的被动语态在很多情况下都翻译成主动结构。
对于英语原文的被动结构,我们一般采取下列的方法:
1.
翻译成汉语的主动句。英语原文的被动结构翻译成汉语的主动结构又可以进一步分为几种不同的情况。
(1)
英语原文中的主语在译文中仍做主语。在采用此方法时,我们往往在译文中使用了
“加以”,“经过”,“用……来”等词来体现原文中的被动含义。例如:
例1.Other
questions
will
be
discussed
briefly.
其它问题将简单地加以讨论。
例2.In
other
words
mineral
substances
which
are
found
on
earth
must
be
extracted
by
digging,boring
holes,artificial
explosions,or
similar
operations
which
make
them
available
to
us.
换言之,矿物就是存在于地球上,但须经过挖掘、钻孔、人工爆破或类似作业才能获得的物质。
例3.Nuclear
power/’s
danger
to
health,safety,and
even
life
itself
can
be
summed
up
in
one
word:
radiation.
核能对健康、安全,甚至对生命本身构成的危险可以用一个词—辐射来概括。
(2)
将英语原文中的主语翻译为宾语,同时增补泛指性的词语(人们,大家等)作主语。例如:
例1.It
could
be
argued
that
the
radio
performs
this
service
as
well,but
on
television
everything
is
much
more
living,much
more
real.
可能有人会指出,无线电广播同样也能做到这一点,但还是电视屏幕上的节目要生动、真实得多。
例2.Television,it
is
often
said,keeps
one
informed
about
current
events,allows
one
to
follow
the
latest
developments
in
science
and
politics,and
offers
an
endless
series
of
programmes
which
are
both
instructive
and
entertaining.
(85年考题)
人们常说,电视使人了解时事,熟悉政治领域的最新发展变化,并能源源不断
地为观众提供各种既有教育意义又有趣的节目。
例3.It
is
generally
accepted
that
the
experiences
of
the
child
in
his
first
years
largely
determine
his
character
and
later
personality.
人们普遍认为，孩子们的早年经历在很大程度上决定了他们的性格及其未来的人品。
另外,下列的结构也可以通过这一手段翻译:
It
is
asserted
that
…
有人主张
……
It
is
believed
that
…
有人认为……
It
is
generally
considered
that
…
大家(一般人)认为
It
is
well
known
that
…
大家知道(众所周知)……
It
will
be
said
…
有人会说……
It
was
told
that
…
有人曾经说……
(3)
将英语原文中的by,in,for等做状语的介词短语翻译成译文的主语,在此情况下,英语原文中的主语一般被翻译成宾语。例如:
例1.A
right
kind
of
fuel
is
needed
for
an
atomic
reactor.
原子反应堆需要一种合适的燃料。
例2.By
the
end
of
the
war,800
people
had
been
saved
by
the
organization,but
at
a
cost
of
200
Belgian
and
French
lives.
大战结束时,这个组织拯救了八百人,但那是以二百多比利时人和法国人的生命为代价的。
例3.And
it
is
imagined
by
many
that
the
operations
of
the
common
mind
can
be
by
no
means
compared
with
these
processes,and
that
they
have
to
be
acquired
by
a
sort
of
special
training.
许多人认为,普通人的思维活动根本无法与科学家的思维过程相比,而且认为这些思维过程必须经过某种专门的训练才能掌握。
(4)
翻译成汉语的无主句。
例如:
例1.Great
efforts
should
be
made
to
inform
young
people
especially
the
dreadful
consequences
of
taking
up
the
habit.
应该尽最大努力告?nbsp|
年轻人吸烟的危害,特别是吸上烟瘾后的可怕后果。
例2.By
this
procedure,different
honeys
have
been
found
to
vary
widely
in
the
sensitivity
of
their
inhibit
to
heat.
通过这种方法分析发现不同种类的蜂蜜的抗菌活动对热的敏感程度也极为不同。
例4.Many
strange
new
means
of
transport
have
been
developed
in
our
century,the
strangest
of
them
being
perhaps
the
hovercraft.
在我们这个世纪内研制了许多新奇的交通工具,其中最奇特的也许就是气垫
船了。
例5.New
source
of
energy
must
be
found,and
this
will
take
time….
必须找到新的能源，这需要时间……
另外,下列结构也可以通过这一手段翻译:
It
is
hoped
that
…
希望……
It
is
reported
that
…
据报道……
It
is
said
that
…
据说……
It
is
supposed
that
…
据推测……
It
may
be
said
without
fear
of
exaggeration
that
…
可以毫不夸张地说……
It
must
be
admitted
that
…
必须承认……
It
must
be
pointed
out
that
…
必须指出……
It
will
be
seen
from
this
that
…
由此可见……
(5)
翻译成带表语的主动句。例如:
例1.The
decision
to
attack
was
not
taken
lightly.
进攻的决定不是轻易作出的。
例2.On
the
whole
such
an
conclusion
can
be
drawn
with
a
certain
degree
of
confidence,but
only
if
the
child
can
be
assumed
to
have
had
the
same
attitude
towards
the
test
as
the
other
with
whom
he
is
being
compared,and
only
if
he
was
not
punished
by
lack
of
relevant
information
which
they
possessed.
总的来说,得出这种结论是有一定程度把握的,但必须具备两个条件:
能够
假定这个孩子对测试的态度和与他比较的另一个孩子的态度相同;
他也没有因为缺乏别的孩子已掌握的有关知识而被扣分。
(注意上述翻译技巧在该句翻译中的综合运用。)
2.
译成汉语的被动语态。英语中的许多被动句可以翻译成汉语的被动句。常用“被”,“给”,“遭”,“挨”,“为……所”,“使”,“由…”,“受到”等表示。例如:
例1.Early
fires
on
the
earth
were
certainly
caused
by
nature,not
by
Man.
地球上早期的火肯定是由大自然而不是人类引燃的。
例2.These
signals
are
produced
by
colliding
stars
or
nuclear
reactions
in
outer
space.
这些讯号是由外层空间的星球碰撞或者核反应所造成的。
例3.Natural
light
or
“white”
light
is
actually
made
up
of
many
colours.
自然光或者“白光”实际上是由许多种颜色组成的。
例4.The
behaviour
of
a
fluid
flowing
through
a
pipe
is
affected
by
a
number
of
factors,including
the
viscosity
of
the
fluid
and
the
speed
at
which
it
is
pumped.
流体在管道中流动的情况,受到诸如流体粘度、泵送速度等各种因素的影响。
例5.They
may
have
been
a
source
of
part
of
the
atmosphere
of
the
terrestrial
planets,and
they
are
believed
to
have
been
the
planetesimal-like
building
blocks
for
some
of
the
outer
planets
and
their
satellites.
它们可能一直是地球行星的一部分大气的来源。它们还被认为是构成外部行星以及其卫星的一种类似微星的基础材料。
例6.Over
the
years,tools
and
technology
themselves
as
a
source
of
fundamental
innovation
have
largely
been
ignored
by
historians
and
philosophers
of
science.
工具和技术本身作为根本性创新的源泉多年来在很大程度上被科学史学家和科学思想家们忽视了。
例7.Whether
the
Government
should
increase
the
financing
of
pure
science
at
the
expense
of
technology
or
vice
versa
(反之)
often
depends
on
the
issue
of
which
is
seen
as
the
driving
force.
政府是以减少技术的经费投入来增加纯理论科学的经费投入,还是相反,这往
往取决于把哪一方看作是驱动的力量。
例8.The
supply
of
oil
can
be
shut
off
unexpectedly
at
any
time,and
in
any
case,the
oil
wells
will
all
run
dry
in
thirty
years
or
so
at
the
present
rate
of
use.
石油的供应可能随时会被中断；不管怎样，以目前的这种消费速度，只需30年左右，所有的油井都会枯竭。
篇3：大学生英语自我介绍(包括专业的英语翻译)
大学生英语自我介绍(包括专业的英语翻译) 本文关键词：英语，自我介绍，英语翻译，包括，大学生
大学生英语自我介绍(包括专业的英语翻译) 本文简介：自我介绍（Self-introduction/Introducingyourself）1.个人情况（PersonalInation）说说您的姓名、年龄、出生时间与地点、家乡等。2.家庭背景（FamilyBackground）说说您的家庭成员、家长职业、家务事及代沟等。3.个人兴趣与爱好（Intere
大学生英语自我介绍(包括专业的英语翻译) 本文内容：
自我介绍
（Self-introduction
/
Introducing
yourself）
1.
个人情况
（Personal
Ination）
说说您的姓名、年龄、出生时间与地点、家乡等。
2.
家庭背景
（Family
Background）
说说您的家庭成员、家长职业、家务事及代沟等。
3.
个人兴趣与爱好
（Interest
and
Hobbies）
说说您闲暇时间喜欢做什么，旅行、读书、听音乐、看电影、电视或参加体育活动等等。
4.
校园生活
（Ination
of
Campus
Life）
说说您的专业、所学课程、学习情况、课外活动、同学关系、学习环境等等。
5.
未来打算
（Plans
for
the
Future）
说说您毕业后打算干什么，您的理想、愿望，继续攻读硕士学位、博士学位、找工作或出国深造等等。
Sample
1
I’m
from
Dalian.
I’m
a
senior
student
and
I
major
in
Commercial
Science.
I
also
take
Statistics
and
International
Relations
as
my
optional
courses.
I
come
from
a
big
family.
There
are
six
people
in
my
family.
They
are
my
grandparents,my
parents,my
brother
and
I.
My
father
is
a
doctor.
My
mother
is
a
cashier
in
a
bank.
My
brother
is
a
skilled
worker
in
a
factory.
I
live
on
campus.
I
try
to
set
aside
a
little
time
to
take
part
in
extra-curricular
activities
every
day.
Sample
2
I’m
a
sophomore.
My
major
is
civil
engineering.
I
like
my
major
the
most.
My
father
is
a
civil
engineer.
So
my
parents
hope
that
I’ll
be
an
architect
in
the
future.
I
have
many
hobbies
such
as
playing
chess,playing
golf
and
photography.
I’m
not
good
at
fishing,because
I
lack
patience.
I
would
break
my
rod
if
I
sat
about
two
hours
getting
nothing.
Sample
3
I
was
born
in
a
peasant’s
family
in
Hunan.
My
major
is
Finance,but
I
think
I
like
literature
or
art
better.
Also,I
like
English
very
much,but
I’m
not
very
good
at
speaking.
I
often
go
to
English
corner
to
make
friends
with
some
students
who
speak
English
well.
Sample
4
I’m
a
local
resident.
I
was
born
on
April
11,1981.
I
guess
Latin
American
music
and
popular
music
are
my
favorite.
I
like
to
play
tennis
sometimes.
I
specialize
in
Sales
Techniques
and
Mass
Media
Advertising.
I’m
a
junior
student.
By
the
way,my
father
is
a
sales
manager
in
an
import
and
export
company.
So
I’m
interested
in
selling
work.
Related
Words
and
Expressions:
freshman
sophomore
junior
(student)
senior
(student)
compulsory
courses/subjects
optional
courses/subjects
take
major
major
in
specialize
in
on
campus
interest
and
hobbies
pastime
消遣，娱乐
calligraphy
a
good
means
of
relaxation
be
keen
on
…
like
reading
best-sellers
畅销书
quiz
show
抢答节目
cartoon
talk
shows
访谈节目
documentary
纪录片
serials
连续剧
during
weekdays
平时
on
weekends
a
brand-new
library
全新的图书馆
well-equipped
labs
装备良好的实验室
advanced
teaching
facilities
先进的教学设施
first-class
professors
rich
extracurricular
activities
丰富的课外活动
take
a
make-up
exam
do
post-graduate
work
in
medicine
读医学研究生
work
on
my
doctorate
攻读博士学位
or:
work
on
a
Doctor’s
degree
in
medicine
bachelor’s
degree
master’s
degree
apply
for
scholarships
sit
for
the
TOEFL
and
GRE
exams
准备托福和GRE
a
local
resident
本地人
______________________________________________________________________________
电子工程
Electronic
Engineering
信息工程
Ination
Engineering
数学
Mathmatics
自动化
Automation
机械工程
Mechanical
Engineering
通信工程
Communication
Engineering
旅游管理
Tourism
Management
市场营销
Marketing
网络Internet
软件Software
计算机科学Computer
Science
汉语言Chinese
法学Law
会计Accounting
环境工程Environmental
Engineering
生物工程Bioengineering
______________________________________________________________________________
Teaching
and
learning
program
for
small-sized
class
1.
To
give
the
keys
to
Listening
and
spot-check
this
part.
(About
10
minutes)
Understanding
Statements
Self-education
à
ListeningUnderstanding
Short
Conversations
Understanding
Long
Conversations
Understanding
Passages
2.
Speaking
Skills
/
Practicing
Conversational
Skills
(About
35
minutes)
Conversational
Skills
3.
Discussing
the
Text
(About
30
minutes)
4.
Listening
and
Speaking
(About
35
minutes)
5.
Section
B
(About
30
minutes)
(Students
are
required
to
preview
before
class.)
6.
Structured
Writing
(About
30
minutes)
Testing
/
The
ation
of
the
final
score
1.
Everyday
perance
(10
marks)
During
the
term
2.
Periodical
Tests
(40
marks,three
times)
3.
Spoken
English
Test
(20
marks)
4.
Listening
(10
marks)
5.
Words
and
Phrases
(10
marks)
In
the
finals
6.
Writing
(10
marks)