中考英语八大时态总结 本文关键词：时态，英语，中考
中考英语八大时态总结 本文简介：，掌握英语谓语形式一、英语时态名称的记忆时态过去现在将来过去将来一般一般过去时一般现在时一般将来时一般过去将来时进行过去进行时现在进行时将来进行时（略）完成过去完成时现在完成时将来完成时（略）二、英语时态形式的记忆：（以动词work为例）时态过去现在将来过去将来一般workedworkworkssh
中考英语八大时态总结 本文内容：
，掌握英语谓语形式
一、英语时态名称的记忆
时态
过去
现在
将来
过去将来
一般
一般过去时
一般现在时
一般将来时
一般过去将来时
进行
过去进行时
现在进行时
将来进行时
（略）
完成
过去完成时
现在完成时
将来完成时
（略）
二、英语时态形式的记忆：（以动词work为例）
时态
过去
现在
将来
过去将来
一般
worked
work
works
shall/will
work
should/would
work
进行
was/were
working
am/is/are
working
shall/will
be
working
(略)
完成
had
worked
have/has
worked
shall/will
have
worked
(略)
可以分两个步骤记忆：
1、一般现在时：
work（当主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词也要用第三人称单数形式。）
现在进行时：
be
+
working
（be随主语人称和数的变化而变化。）
现在完成时：
have
+
worked
（have随主语人称和数的变化而变化，worked是work的过去分词。）
这三种基本时态形式位于时态表的中心位置，是必须首先记住的。其它形式可推导而出。
2、记住了上面三种时态的形式后，可以设想把时间提前至过去，这三种时态的形式就相应地左移一格成为一般过去时：worked
（worked是work的过去式）；过去进行时was
/
were
+
working；过去完成时had
+
worked
（worked是work的过去分词）。
把时间错后至将来，这三种时态的形式也就相应地右移一格成为
一般将来时：
shall
/
will
+
work；
将来进行时：
shall
/
will
+
be
working；
将来完成时：
shall
/
will
+
have
worked。（shall仅用于主语是第一人称时，will可用于主语是任何人称时。）当然，根据shall
/
will
的用法要求，紧随其后的动词或助动词要用原形形式。
简而言之，把这三种现在时态形式左移变成三种过去时态形式，只需把第一个动词变成过去式即可（一般现在时谓语只有一个动词，也可把它看成为第一个动词）。与此类似，过去将来时的变化是在一般将来时的基础上把第一个动词变成过去式。把这三种现在时态形式右移变成三种将来时态形式，只需在前面加一助动词shall
/
will
（紧随其后的动词或助动词用原形形式）即可。
三、英语被动语态形式的记忆（以动词ask为例）
时态
过去
现在
将来
过去将来
一般
was/were
asked
am/is/are
asked
shall/will
be
asked
should/would
be
asked
进行
was/were
being
asked
am/is/are
being
asked
完成
had
been
asked
have/has
been
asked
英语动词的被动语态是由助动词be加及物动词的过去分词构成。助动词be同系动词be一样有人称、数和时态的变化。英语动词在既有被动语态变化又有时态变化时，一定要先变被动语态再变时态，它的时态变化就是将助动词be再作各种时态形式的变化。主张先理解记忆现在的三种被动语态的时态形式，再以同样方法推导出被动语态其它的时态形式。
四、结合英语时态表掌握句子的否定式、一般疑问式的变化规律
句子的否定式、一般疑问式也是每册初中教材学习时态时的必讲内容。而实际上这个问题非常简单，完全可以结合英语时态表中谓语的特征来完成。
变化方面
谓语物征
否定句变化
一般疑问句变化
谓语只有一个动词
(
be除外)
根据主语人称、数和谓语时态的要求，在谓语动词前加don
t,doesn
t,didn
t
后面的动词使用原形。
根据主语人称、数和谓语时态的要求，在句首加Do,Does,Did,其后面的动词使用原形。更改句首大小写和句尾标点符号。
谓语有两个或两个以上动词
在谓语的第一个动词后面加not.
把谓语的第一个动词提前至句首，更改首大、小写和句尾标点符号。
注：1、There
be
.句型和以be为系动词的主系表句型，适用于第二种谓语特征的变化方式。
2、谓语是情态动词(have
to的疑问式例外）
+
动词原形，也适用于第二种谓语特征的变化方式。
3、为便于记忆，不妨称此法为谓语特征分析法。
五、谓语特征分析法在特殊疑问句、反意疑问句中的运用
由于特殊疑问句的句子结构是特殊疑问词或词组
+
一般疑问句语序，故除对主语提问的特殊疑问句外，都可按一般疑问句变化规律用谓语特征分析法快速确定谓语形式。
反意疑问句是由陈述句
+
反问部分构成。反意疑问句的反问部分虽说情况比较复杂，但仅就基础内容而言，情况还是较为简单，要求也较低。故基础内容中反意疑问句的反问部分基本上仍可用谓语特征分析法快速确定反问部分中该用的动词，那就是：前面的陈述句如果变成一般疑问句是用什么动词开头，后面的反问部分就用什么动词反问。
六、一般疑问句和反意疑问句的简略回答
用谓语特征分析法掌握了一般疑问句和反意疑问句中谓语的构成方法后，它们的简略回答就更容易了。那就是用什么词开头的一般疑问句就用什么词来回答（或同属be系列的单词：am,is,are,was,were）。反意疑问句的反问部分用什么词开头，也就用什么词来回答（或同属be系列的单词）。例如：
1.
-Are
you
a
worker?
-Yes,I
am.
/
No,I
m
not.
2.
-Does
he
like
Chinese
tea?
-Yes,he
does.
/
No,he
doesn
t.
3.
-Have
you
finished
the
novel?
-Yes,I
have.
/
No,I
haven
t.
4.
-He
is
a
bus
driver,isn
t
he?
-Yes,he
is.
/
No,he
isn
t.
5.
-Tom
came
to
school
late
this
morning,didn
t
he?
-Yes,he
did.
/
No,he
didn
t.
6.
-Lily
hasn
t
lost
her
watch,has
she?
-Yes,she
has.
/
No,she
hasn
t.
用情态动词（can,may,must）开头的一般疑问句，在作否定回答时选择合适的情态动词较为困难。我们可以用右栏图示轻松地记忆掌握。
先按下列单词及它们的否定式的第一、第二个字母在字母表中的顺序排列，再加上谁回答谁的替换符号便容易记忆了。（注意must代替may,need代替must,这种后代前的关系以及can除了可回答自己外，还可回过去来回答may的特点。）
1.
-Can
you
drive
a
truck?
-No,I
can
t.
2.
-May
I
go
now?
-No,you
can
t.
/
No,you
mustn
t.
3.
-Must
you
go
so
soon?
-No,I
needn
t.
4.
-Need
we
buy
any
new
desks?
-No,we
needn
t.
（Yes,we
must.）
注意：肯定回答必须用must。
七、谓语特征分析法在其它句型中的运用
研究下面几组对话，不难发现：答语中谓语动词的选用也是和如将其上句变成一般疑问句后句首第一个单词相一致的（或同属be,do,have系的单词）。
1.
-It
s
warmer
today.
-So
it
is.
2.
-John
bought
a
new
bike.
-So
he
did.
3.
-I
like
walking
in
the
open
air.
-So
do
I.
4.
-He
works
hard.
-So
he
does,and
so
do
you.
5.
-Lucy
has
been
to
England
twice.
-So
she
has.
6.
-Lucy
can
ride
a
bike
at
the
age
of
four.
-So
she
can.
十六种时态的谓语形势
一般时态
进行时态
完成时态
完成进行时态
现在
do/does
am/is/are
doing
have/has
done
have/has
been
doing
过去
did
was/were
doing
had
done
had
been
doing
将来
shall/will
do
shall/will
be
doing
shall/will
have
done
shall/will
have
been
doing
过去将来
should/would
do
should/would
be
doing
should/would
have
done
should/would
have
been
doing
八种时态介绍：
一
一般现在时态：表示现在经常发生或习惯性的动作。时间状语：
every
…,sometimes,always,never,often,usually等。
1
由be的is
am
are表示，之后接名词，形容词或介词。
陈述句：I
am
an
office
worker.
He
is
so
lazy.
They
are
at
home
now.
否定句：
I
am
not
Tim.
She
is
not
very
beauiful.
They
are
not
in
the
office.
一般疑问句：Are
you
an
office
assistant?
Is
she
beautiful?
特殊疑问句：What
is
your
job?
What
colour
is
your
bag?Where
are
you
now?
2
由实意动词V构成，引导疑问句和否定句，用do或don’t。第三人称时用does或doesn’t,有does出现动词用原形；第三人称陈述句V后加s或es.
陈述句：I
work
in
Shanghai.
He
works
at
home.Davy
never
watches
TV
at
home.
否定句:
I
don’t
like
the
food
in
KFC.
Davy
doesn’t
like
the
food
in
KFC
either.
一般疑问句:
Do
you
want
a
cup
of
coffee?
Does
she
live
near
the
subway
station?
特殊疑问句：What
do
you
want?
Where
does
she
live?
How
do
they
go
to
work?
3
由情态动词can,must,may构成。may没有否定形式。
陈述句:
I
can
drive
a
car.
He
must
tell
the
truth.
We
may
get
there
on
foot.
否定句：I
can’t
swim
at
all.
You
mustn’t（表示禁止）
smoke
in
the
office.
一般疑问句:
Can
you
wait
a
minute?
Must
I
stay
at
home?
May
I
use
your
phone?
特殊疑问句：
How
can
I
get
there?
What
must
I
do
now?
二
一般过去时态。在过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。
时间状语有：yesterday,last
week,an
hour
ago，the
day
before
yesterday,in
1997。
1由
be的过去式是
was或
were表示。Is/
am---was;are---were.
陈述句：I
was
a
big
boss.He
was
beautiful.
We
were
in
Beijing
last
year.
否定句:
I
was
not
at
home
at
that
moment.
We
were
not
at
work
yesterday.
一般疑问句:
Were
you
a
teacher?
Was
she
in
the
office
last
week?
特殊疑问句：Where
were
you
last
night?
When
were
you
in
that
company?
2
由V的过去式构成陈述句，疑问句和否定句用借助于did,有did出现动词用原形。
陈述句：I
worked
in
Sunmoon.We
studied
English
there.
He
lived
in
HongKong.
否定句:
I
didn’t
work
here.
They
didn’t
see
me.
She
liked
English
a
lot.
一般疑问句:
Did
you
go
to
America?
Did
he
work
in
Sunmoon?
特殊疑问句：Where
did
you
work?
What
did
he
say
to
you?
How
did
you
know
my
name?
3
由情态动词的过去式构成，can—could.
She
could
walk
when
she
was
one
year
old.
I
could
not
speak
English
one
year
ago.
三
一般将来时态：即将发生动作或状态。时间状语有：tomorrow,next
year,the
month
after
next,in
two
hours.
1
任何人称+will+动词原形.
I
will
fly
to
KongKong
tomorrow.
He
will
go
with
us.
We
will
arrive
in
Shanghai
next
week.
I
will
never
believe
you
again.
He
will
not
come
tonight.
We
will
not
buy
a
car
next
year.
Will
you
go
there
by
train?
Will
he
come
tomorrow?
Will
they
live
a
five-star
hotel?
What
will
you
do
after
class?
Where
will
he
live?
How
will
they
come
here?
2
is/am/are+going
to+V原形，表示计划打算做什么事情。
I’m
going
to
go
to
Kongkong
by
air.
We
are
not
going
to
buy
a
house
here.
Are
they
going
to
change
their
jobs?
How
are
you
going
to
tell
him?
四
过去将来时态；在过去将会发生的动作。
构成：任何人称+would
+V原形
was/were
going
to
+V原形
He
said
he
would
come
in
in
Shanghai.
I
sai
I
would
buy
you
a
car
one
day.
They
told
me
that
they
were
not
going
to
go
abroad.
五
现在进行时态：表示现在(
指说话人说话时)
正在发生的事情。常用的时间的动作：now,at
the（this）moment
构成：is/am/are+Ving
I’m
waiting
for
my
boy
friend.
He
is
doing
the
housework
at
home
now.
He
is
not
playing
toys.
We
are
enjoying
ourselves.
Are
you
having
dinner
at
home?
Is
Tim
cooking
in
the
kitchen?
What
are
you
doing
now?
Where
are
they
having
a
meal?
六
过去进行时态：过去一段时间正在发生的动作。
构成：was/were+Ving
I
was
doing
my
homework
at
that
time.
He
was
not
sleeping
at
11
o’clock
last
night.
What
were
you
doing
at
that
moment?
We
were
having
a
party
while
my
neighbour
is
sleeping.
七
现在完成时态：用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态，其结果的确和现在有联系。动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在；也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态。简单的说，就是动作已经发生对现在造成明显的影响。常用的时间
for
two
/weeks/years；for
several
days；
since
2004/
Apr.
23/last
week
/the
accident
构成：have/has
+done（过去分词）
I
have
already
told
Davy.
Davy
has
known
this
matter.
He
has
lived
here
for
nearly
10
years.
I
haven’t
finished
my
homework.Tim
hasn’t
come
yet.We
haven’t
heard
any
news
about
him
How
long
have
you
worked
in
this
company?
特别注意：
1．
have/has
always
been+名词/形容词/介词：总是或一直是什么样子。。。
He
has
always
been
a
good
father.
I
have
always
been
busy.
They
have
always
been
in
America.
2
have/has
been
to:表示去过或到过。。。
I
have
been
to
Canada.
Have
you
been
to
Hongkong?
Where
have
you
been?
I
have
never
been
here.
3
have/has
gone
to:去了。。。
He
has
gone
to
Beijing.
They
have
gone
to
the
cinema.
八
过去完成时态：发生在过去的过去。
构成：had
+
done
He
said
he
had
told
Davy.
They
told
us
they
had
finished
the
work.
She
had
had
dinner
before
she
went
out.
He
left
the
office
after
he
had
called
Davy.